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Selph SS, Skelly AC, Wasson N, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2021 Oct. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 241.)

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Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury [Internet].

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Appendix DIncluded and Excluded Study Details and Systematic Reviews Evaluated

Table D-1Included and excluded study definitions and characteristics

Study DesignDefinition/CharacteristicsInclude/Exclude
Systematic Reviews A literature review that uses systematic methods to synthesize, summarize, and grade evidence, on outcomes to address specific research questions.Include systematic reviews published since 2014 for examination of reference lists for relevant studies
Randomized Controlled Trial Participants randomized to two or more groups where each group receives a different intervention.Include
Comparative Cohort Study An observational study of 2 groups of participants where one group received an intervention and second group received a control or other intervention and participants are followed forward; participants were not randomized to different groups.Include
Pre-Post Study An observational study of one group of participants where baseline values are compared with values after an intervention and all participants received the same intervention; the study reports results from the group of participants (reporting is not selective).Exclude unless need to include due to limited or no evidence from RCTs and cohort studies
Case Series A publication that reports findings from more than one individual; if individuals were involved in a study, the publication does not report results from all participants but from those who demonstrate some finding (reporting is selective).Exclude
Case Report A publication that reports findings from one individual (reporting is selective).Exclude

Systematic Reviews: Reference Lists Evaluated for Eligibility for Inclusion in the Review

1.
Adamson BC, Ensari I, Motl RW. Effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adults with neurologic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 Jul;96(7):1329–38. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.01.005. PMID: 25596001. [PubMed: 25596001] [CrossRef]
2.
Afkar A, Ashouri A, Rahmani M, et al. Effect of exercise therapy on quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci. 2017 Nov;38(11):1901–11. doi: 10.1007/s10072-017-3047-x. PMID: 28687973. [PubMed: 28687973] [CrossRef]
3.
Aguirre-Guemez AV, Perez-Sanpablo AI, Quinzanos-Fresnedo J, et al. Walking speed is not the best outcome to evaluate the effect of robotic assisted gait training in people with motor incomplete spinal cord injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Spinal Cord Med. 2017 Oct 25;42(2):142–54. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1390644. PMID: 29065788. [PMC free article: PMC6419626] [PubMed: 29065788] [CrossRef]
4.
Alashram AR, Padua E, Annino G. Effects of whole body vibration on motor impairments in patients with neurological disorders: a systematic review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Jun 21;21:21. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001252. PMID: 31246611. [PubMed: 31246611] [CrossRef]
5.
Alphonsus KB, Su Y, D’Arcy C. The effect of exercise, yoga and physiotherapy on the quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2019 Apr;43:188–95. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.02.010. PMID: 30935529. [PubMed: 30935529] [CrossRef]
6.
Aravind N, Harvey LA, Glinsky JV. Physiotherapy interventions for increasing muscle strength in people with spinal cord injuries: a systematic review. Spinal Cord. 2019 Jun;57(6):449–60. doi: 10.1038/s41393-019-0242-z. PMID: 30723256. [PubMed: 30723256] [CrossRef]
7.
Armstrong EL, Spencer S, Kentish MJ, et al. Efficacy of cycling interventions to improve function in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2019 Jul;33(7):1113–29. doi: 10.1177/0269215519837582. PMID: 30935240. [PubMed: 30935240] [CrossRef]
8.
Baxter K. The effect of core strengthening versus extremity strengthening on mobility measures in patients with multiple sclerosis. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2018;78(10-B(E)):No Pagination Specified.
9.
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10.
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11.
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12.
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13.
Buker DB, Oyarce CC, Plaza RS. Effects of spinal cord injury in heart rate variability after acute and chronic exercise: a systematic review. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2018;24(2):167–76. doi: 10.1310/sci17-00028. PMID: 29706761. [PMC free article: PMC5915108] [PubMed: 29706761] [CrossRef]
14.
Burns AS, Marino RJ, Kalsi-Ryan S, et al. Type and timing of rehabilitation following acute and subacute spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Global Spine J. 2017 Sep;7(3 ):175S–94S. doi: 10.1177/2192568217703084. PMID: 29164023. [PMC free article: PMC5684843] [PubMed: 29164023] [CrossRef]
15.
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16.
Campbell E, Coulter EH, Mattison PG, et al. Physiotherapy rehabilitation for people with progressive multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Jan;97(1):141–51. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.07.022. PMID: 26281954. [PubMed: 26281954] [CrossRef]
17.
Carter AM. The effects of a pragmatic exercise intervention in people with multiple sclerosis. Dissertation Abstracts International Section C: Worldwide. 2018 Apr;75(4-C):No Pagination Specified. doi: 10.1177/1352458513519354. PMID: 24421303. [CrossRef]
18.
Carvalho I, Pinto SM, Chagas DDV, et al. Robotic gait training for individuals with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 11;98(11):2332–44. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.06.018. PMID: 28751254. [PubMed: 28751254] [CrossRef]
19.
Castro O, Ng K, Novoradovskaya E, et al. A scoping review on interventions to promote physical activity among adults with disabilities. Disabil Health J. 2018 Apr;11(2):174–83. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.10.013. PMID: 29132847. [PubMed: 29132847] [CrossRef]
20.
Charron S, McKay KA, Tremlett H. Physical activity and disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review (2011–2016). Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018 Feb;20:169–77. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.01.021. PMID: 29414293. [PubMed: 29414293] [CrossRef]
21.
Clutterbuck G, Auld M, Johnston L. Active exercise interventions improve gross motor function of ambulant/semi-ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Jan 05;41(10):1131–51. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1422035. PMID: 29303007. [PubMed: 29303007] [CrossRef]
22.
Corsi C, Santos MM, Moreira RFC, et al. Effect of physical therapy interventions on spatiotemporal gait parameters in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Oct 7:1–10. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1671500. PMID: 31588810. [PubMed: 31588810] [CrossRef]
23.
Corvillo I, Varela E, Armijo F, et al. Efficacy of aquatic therapy for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2017 Dec;53(6):944–52. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04570-1. PMID: 28215060. [PubMed: 28215060] [CrossRef]
24.
Cruickshank TM, Reyes AR, Ziman MR. A systematic review and meta-analysis of strength training in individuals with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Jan;94(4):e411. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000411. PMID: 25634170. [PMC free article: PMC4602948] [PubMed: 25634170] [CrossRef]
25.
Dalgas U, Stenager E, Sloth M, et al. The effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis based on a meta-analysis and critical review of the literature. Eur J Neurol. 2015 Mar;22(3):443-e34. doi: 10.1111/ene.12576. PMID: 25327395. [PubMed: 25327395] [CrossRef]
26.
Dauwan M, Begemann MJH, Slot MIE, et al. Physical exercise improves quality of life, depressive symptoms, and cognition across chronic brain disorders: a transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Neurol. 2019 Aug 14;14:14. doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09493-9. PMID: 31414194. [PMC free article: PMC7990819] [PubMed: 31414194] [CrossRef]
27.
de Freitas GR, Szpoganicz C, Ilha J. Does neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy increase voluntary muscle strength after spinal cord injury? A systematic review. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2018;24(1):6–17. doi: 10.1310/sci16-00048. PMID: 29434456. [PMC free article: PMC5791925] [PubMed: 29434456] [CrossRef]
28.
De Keersmaecker E, Lefeber N, Geys M, et al. Virtual reality during gait training: does it improve gait function in persons with central nervous system movement disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. NeuroRehabilitation. 2019;44(1):43–66. doi: 10.3233/NRE-182551. PMID: 30814368. [PubMed: 30814368] [CrossRef]
29.
de Paz RH, Serrano-Munoz D, Perez-Nombela S, et al. Combining transcranial direct-current stimulation with gait training in patients with neurological disorders: a systematic review. J Neuroengineering Rehabil. 2019 Sep 14;16(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s12984-019-0591-z. PMID: 31521179. [PMC free article: PMC6744683] [PubMed: 31521179] [CrossRef]
30.
Dehghansai N, Lemez S, Wattie N, et al. A systematic review of influences on development of athletes with disabilities. Adapt Phys Act Q. 2017 Jan;34(1):72–90. doi: 10.1123/APAQ.2016-0030. PMID: 28218871. [PubMed: 28218871] [CrossRef]
31.
Deutsch JE, Guarrera-Bowlby P, Myslinski MJ, et al. Is there evidence that active videogames increase energy expenditure and exercise intensity for people poststroke and with cerebral palsy? Games Health J. 2015 Feb;4(1):31–7. doi: 10.1089/g4h.2014.0082. PMID: 26181678. [PubMed: 26181678] [CrossRef]
32.
Devasahayam AJ, Downer MB, Ploughman M. The effects of aerobic exercise on the recovery of walking ability and neuroplasticity in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of animal and clinical studies. Mult Scler Int. 2017;2017 doi: 10.1155/2017/4815958. PMID: 29181199. [PMC free article: PMC5664281] [PubMed: 29181199] [CrossRef]
33.
Dewar R, Love S, Johnston LM. Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015 Jun;57(6):504–20. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12660. PMID: 25523410. [PubMed: 25523410] [CrossRef]
34.
Dolbow JD, Dolbow DR, Stevens SL, et al. Restorative effects of aquatic exercise therapies on motor, gait, and cardiovascular function in children with cerebral palsy: a review of literature. Journal of Aquatic Physical Therapy. 2017 Summer;25(1):22–9.
35.
Donenberg JG, Fetters L, Johnson R. The effects of locomotor training in children with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Dev Neurorehabil. 2019 Jun 19;22(4):272–87. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2018.1487474. PMID: 29920126. [PubMed: 29920126] [CrossRef]
36.
Duquette SA, Guiliano AM, Starmer DJ. Whole body vibration and cerebral palsy: a systematic review. J Can Chiropractic Assoc. 2015 Sep;59(3):245–52. PMID: 26500358. [PMC free article: PMC4593045] [PubMed: 26500358]
37.
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38.
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39.
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41.
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42.
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77.
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