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Epstein R, Fonnesbeck C, Williamson E, et al. Psychosocial and Pharmacologic Interventions for Disruptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2015 Oct. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 154.)

Cover of Psychosocial and Pharmacologic Interventions for Disruptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents

Psychosocial and Pharmacologic Interventions for Disruptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents [Internet].

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Appendix CRisk of Bias Assessment Forms and Summaries

Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool

Criteria for Judging Risk of Bias Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool

RTI Bank Risk of Bias Assessment Form

Risk of Bias Assessment Form: Harms Reporting

Quality Assessment Form (AMSTAR): Systematic Reviews

Assessment of Overall Risk of Bias for Individual Studies

There are three categories for describing the overall risk of bias for assessed studies: low risk of bias; moderate risk of bias; and high risk of bias.

Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool

Use for risk of bias assessments for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

The tool includes seven items in six domains:

  • Selection Bias (2 items)
  • Reporting bias (1 item)
  • Other bias (1 item)
  • Performance bias (1 item)
  • Detection bias (1 item)
  • Attrition bias (1 item)

The overall risk of bias for an RCT is calculated from individual domain assessments:

  • Low: “low” for all domains.
  • Moderate: “unclear” for one or more domains and no known important limitation that could invalidate its results.
  • High: “high” for one or more domains.

RTI Bank Risk of Bias Assessment Form

Use for risk of bias assessments for cohort/non-randomized controlled studies.

The form includes eleven items in three domains:

  • Risk of Bias (7 items)
  • Confounding (2 items)
  • Precision (2 items)

The overall risk of bias for a cohort/non-randomized controlled study is calculated from individual domain assessments:

  • Low: all “positive”
  • Moderate: two or fewer “negative”
  • High: more than two “negative”

Table C-1. Risk of bias assessment summary for KQ1 RCTs

Table C-2. Risk of bias assessment summary for KQ1 cohort/nonrandomized controlled studies

Table C-3. Risk of bias assessment summary for KQ2 RCTs

Table C-4. Risk of bias assessment summary for KQ2 cohort/nonrandomized controlled studies

Table C-5. Risk of bias assessment summary for KQ5 studies reporting harms

Table C-6. Summary of quality assessment for KQ5 existing reviews reporting harms

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