arachidonic acid

aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase

aryl alkylamine N-acetyltransferase

adeno-associated virus

ATP-binding cassette

amyloid β-peptide

adenylyl cyclase

acetylcholine

acetylcholinesterase

acetylcholine receptor

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Alzheimer’s disease

adenosine 5′-diphosphate

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

acute intermittent porphyria

protein kinase A anchoring protein

argininosuccinate lyase

adrenoleukodystrophy

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

age-related macular degeneration;

acid maltase deficiency

adrenomyeloneuropathy

adhesion molecule on glia

adenosine 5′-monophosphate

adenylylimidodiphosphate

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid

α-methyl-p-tyrosine

atrial natriuretic peptide

l-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate

Aplysia cell adhesion molecule

2r,4r-4-aminopyrrolidine-2-4-dicarboxylate

apolipoprotein E

amyloid precursor protein

β-amyloid precursor like protein

ascending reticular activating system

ADP-ribosylation factor

ACh receptor-inducing activity

actin related protein 1

argininosuccinate synthetase

activating transcription factor

adenosine 5′-triphosphate

β-amyloid precursor protein

β-adrenergic receptor kinase

β-lipotropin

1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N-N-N′-N′-tetraacetic acid

blood-brain barrier

branched chain amino acids

bag cell peptides

branched chain dehydrogenase complex

2-aminonorbornane-2-carboxylic acid

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

tetrahydrobiopterin

β-N-methylamino-l-alanine

bone morphogenetic proteins

brain natriuretic peptide

blood oxygenation level dependent

p-bromophenacyl bromide

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

batrachotoxin

butyryl (or pseudo) cholinesterases

catecholamines

cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose

CDK-activating kinase

CAK-activating kinase

cell adhesion molecule

Ca²⁺-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases

cyclic AMP; adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate

cerebral blood flow

CREB-binding protein

cerebral blood volume

cholecystokinin

cell division cycle (protein)

complementary DNA

cholinergic differentiation factor

cyclin-dependent kinase

cytidine diphosphate

cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol

glucocerebroside

climbing fiber

cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

complementation groups

cyclic GMP; guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate

calcitonin gene-related peptide

choline acetyltransferase

Ca²⁺-induced Ca²⁺ release

chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Ca²⁺ influx factor

Ca²⁺ independent receptor for latrotoxin

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

creatine kinase

cerebral metabolic rate

cerebral metabolic rate for glucose

cerebral metabolic rate for ammonia

cerebral metabolic rate for O₂

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

cyclic nucleotide-gated channel

2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase

central nervous system

ciliary neurotrophic factor

nucleoside cotransporter

coenzyme A

catechol-O-methyltransferase

concanavalin A

copolymer-1

corticosterone

cytochrome oxidase;

cyclooxygenase

carboxypeptidase E

creatine phosphokinase

m-chlorophenylpiperazine

3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl) 1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid

carbamyl phosphate synthetase

carnitine palmitoyltransferase

cAMP responsive element

CRE-binding (protein)

CRE-modulatory (protein)

corticotropin releasing hormone

(immunological) cross-reacting material

creatine phosphate

conditioned stimulus

cerebrospinal fluid

C-terminal Src kinase

cysteine string protein

computed tomography

cardiotrophin 1

cytidine 5′-triphosphate

cortex

dopamine

diacylglycerol

diamine oxidase

d-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid

dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa

dopamine transporter

dopamine β-hydroxylase

diazepam-binding inhibitor

dopamine β-monooxygenase

5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid

dopa decarboxylase

2-deoxy-d-glucose

docosahexaenoic acid

dihydroxyacetone phosphate

dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyl transferase

dihydroepiandrosterone

5α-dihydrotestosterone

dihydropteridine reductase

5,7-dihydroxytryptamine

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

dorsal root ganglia

Down’s syndrome

Derjerine-Sottas syndrome

excitatory amino acid carrier; see EAAT

excitatory amino acid transporter; see EAAC

experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

experimental allergic neuritis

extracellular matrix

electroconvulsive therapy

endothelium-derived relaxing factor

electroencephalogram

epidermal growth factor

epidermal growth factor receptor

enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay

egg laying hormone

electron microscopy

electromyogram

enteric nervous system

eicosapentaenoic acid

erythropoietin producing hepatocellular receptor

evoked end plate potential

extrapyramidal syndrome

excitatory postsynaptic current

excitatory postsynaptic potential

endoplasmic reticulum

early response genes

extracellularly regulated kinase

embryonic stem cells

electron-transferring flavoprotein

flavin adenine dinucleotide

focal adhesion kinase

[¹⁸F]fluorodopamine

[¹⁸F]6-fluoro-DOPA

free fatty acid

fatal familial insomnia

fibroblast growth factor

fibroblast growth factor receptor

flavin mononucleotide

Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide, a molluscan excitatory neuropeptide

functional magnetic resonance imaging

follicle stimulating hormone

gustducin G_α protein

glucose 6-phosphate

γ-aminobutyric acid

GABA transaminase

glutamic acid decarboxylase

glycosaminoglycans

galactose

galactocerebroside

N-acetylgalactosamine

GTPase-activating protein

growth-associated protein of 43 kDa

Guillain-Barré syndrome

glucocorticoid

glycine cleavage system

GDP-dissociation inhibitor

glial-derived neurotrophic factor

guanosine 5′-diphosphate

guanine nucleotide exchange factor

guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid

glial fibrillary acidic protein

glial growth factor

gastrointestinal (tract)

GTPase inhibitory protein

G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K⁺ channel

granular layer

glutamate-aspartate transporter

glucose

gas-liquid chromatography

N-acetylglucosamine

glutamate receptor

glucose transporter

glutamate transporter

guanosine 5′-monophosphate

gonadotropin releasing hormone

G-protein-coupled receptor

glycosylphosphatidylinositol

lateral globus pallidus

medial globus pallidus

glutathione peroxidase

growth factor receptor binding protein

glucocorticoid response element

G protein receptor kinase

glycogen synthetase

glutathione

Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome

guanosine 5′-triphosphate

hippocampus; see also HpC

hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type

l-histidine decarboxylase

hepatic encephalopathy

hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase

human immunodeficiency virus

human leukocyte antigen

helix-loop-helix transcriptional regulator

β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl

heavy meromyosin

histamine N-methyltransferase

hereditary neuropathy with predisposition to pressure palsies

hippocampus; see also HC

hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid

high-performance liquid chromatography

hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase

high-performance thin layer chromatography

5-hydroxytryptamine; serotonin

5-hydroxytryptophan

homovanillic acid

Ca²⁺-release-activated Ca²⁺ current

imidazoleacetic acid

intercellular adhesion molecule

intermediate filaments

immunoglobulin

insulin-like growth factor

interleukin

insulin receptor

inositol 1-phosphate

inositol 1,4-bisphosphate

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate

infantile Refsum disease

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

insulin receptor substrate

inosine phosphate

inverted repeated sequence

isovalerylglycine

joining peptide

Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels

ether-a-go-go-related K⁺ channels

inwardly rectifying K⁺ channels

voltage-gated K⁺ channels

kainic acid

α-ketoglutarate

α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor

kinesin related protein

Kearns-Sayre syndrome

locus ceruleus

long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

long chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

large dense-core vesicle

lactate dehydrogenase

low density lipoprotein

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

luteinizing hormone

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy

luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

leukemia inhibitory factor

leukemia inhibitory factor receptor

light meromyosin

large neutral amino acid

lipopolysaccharide

lysergic acid diethylamide

long-term depression

long-term potentiation

muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

myelin-associated glycoprotein

membrane-associated guanylyl kinase homolog

monoamine oxidase

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

microtubule-associated protein

mitogen-activated protein kinase

MAP-kinase-activated protein kinase

myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate

malate-aspartate shuttle

myotube-associated specificity component

membrane-bounded organelle

myelin basic protein

medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase

medium chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

multidrug resistance protein

2-methylamino-isobutyric acid

3-O-methyl-DOPA

MAPK/ERK activating kinase

MEK kinase

mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes

miniature end plate potential

myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers

microfilament

myasthenia gravis

metabotropic glutamate receptor

malignant hyperthermia

tele-methylhistamine

major histocompatibility complex

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

tele-methylimidazole acetic acid

MAP-kinase phosphatases

molecular layer

metachromatic leukodystrophy

methylmalonic acid

multifocal motor neuropathy

myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

multidrug resistant proteins

magnetic resonance imaging

messenger RNA

multiple sclerosis

multiple system atrophy

multiple sulfatase deficiency

maple syrup urine disease

microtubule

3-methoxytyramine

mitochondrial DNA

microtubule-organizing center

muscle specific kinase

(Na⁺+K⁺)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase

N-acetylaspartyl glutamate

N-acetyl alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase

nicotinic ACh receptor

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized)

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized)

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced)

N-acetylglutamate

neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy

N-acetylneuraminic acid

6-nitro 7-sulphamobenzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione

neural crest

neural cell adhesion molecule

neu differentiation factor

nuclear DNA

norepinephrine

norepinephrine transporter

neurofilament;

neurofibro-matosis

neurofibrillary tangle

neuronal glial cell adhesion molecule

nerve growth factor

nerve growth factor receptor

Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters

nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase

nonketotic hyperglycinemia

N-methyl-d-aspartate

neuromuscular junction

nuclear magnetic resonance

nitric oxide

nitric oxide synthase

neuropeptide Y

N-arginine dibasic

nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor

neurotrophin

1-oleoyl, 2-acetyl sn-glycerol

obsessive-compulsive disorder

oculocerebrorenal syndrome

6-hydroxydopamine

oligodendrocyte

3-O-methyldopa

ornithine transcarbamylase

high-energy phosphate bond

inorganic phosphate

phosphatidic acid

pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide

platelet-activating factor

phenylalanine hydroxylase

peptidyl-α-hydroxyglycine α-amidating lyase

peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase

partial pressure of ambient arterial oxygen

polyADP-ribose polymerase

periodic acid Schiff base

N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone

phosphatidylcholine;

prohormone convertase

parachloroamphetamine

Purkinje cell layers

phencyclidine

parachlorophenylalanine

polymerase chain reaction

phosphocreatine

Parkinson’s disease

phosphodiesterase

platelet-derived growth factor

platelet-derived growth factor receptor

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

positron emission tomography

prefrontal cortex

phosphofructokinase

prostaglandin

phosphoglycerate kinase

phosphoglycerate mutase

prostaglandin G/H synthase

pleckstrin-homology

Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinin

paired, helically wound, ∼10 nm filament

phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase

peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase

phosphatidylinositol;

phosphoinositide

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate

phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C

protein kinase A; cAMP-dependent protein kinase

protein kinase C; Ca²⁺/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase

protein kinase G; cGMP-dependent protein kinase

phenylketonuria

phospholipase A

phospholipase C

phospholipase D

proteolipid protein

plasma-membrane Ca²⁺ pump

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

peripheral myelin protein

phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

peripheral nervous system

local partial pressure for O₂

proopiomelanocortin

a conserved region in pit-1, oct-1, oct-2 and unc-86 proteins

protein phosphatase 1 or 2

pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid

prolactin

proatrial natriuretic factor

prion protein

scrapie prion protein

pregnenolone sulfate;

phosphatidylserine—see PtdSer;

presenilin

polysialic acid

portal-systemic encephalopathy

postsynaptic excitatory potential; see EPSP

presynaptic membrane receptor

progressive supranuclear palsy

pars tuberalis

phosphotyrosine binding domain

peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor

phosphatidylcholine

phosphatidylethanolamine

phosphatidylinositol

phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate

phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

phosphatidic acid

phosphatidylserine

parathyroid hormone

protein tyrosine kinase

protein tyrosine phosphatase

peroxisomal targeting signals (C-terminal)

peroxisomal targeting signals (N-terminal)

post-traumatic stress disorder

paraventricular nucleus

proline-rich tyrosine kinase

pirenzepine

photoactivated rhodopsin

receptors for activated protein kinase C

repulsive axon guidance signal

delayed rectifier potassium channel

rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata

regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose

rapid eye movement

rough endoplasmic reticulum

restriction fragment length polymorphism

regulators of G protein signaling

reactive oxygen species

retinitis pigmentosa

receptor protein tyrosine kinase; see also RTK

respiratory quotient

ryanodine receptor calcium ion channel

ribosomal protein S6 kinase

receptor tyrosine kinase; see also RPTK

reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

regulatory volume decrease

regulatory volume increase

Schwann cell membrane associated glycoprotein

S-adenosylhomocysteine

S-adenosylmethionine

stress activated protein kinase

serotonin binding protein

slow component a (of axonal transport)

short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

secretory carrier membrane protein

slow component b (of axonal transport)

superior cervical ganglion

short chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

suppressed cyclic AMP-inducible POU domain protein

suprachiasmatic nuclei

scorpion toxin

sodium dodecylsulfate

sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

status epilepticus

SAPK kinase

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ antiporter

serotonin transporter

sulfate-3-glucuronyl paragloboside

src homology domain

src homology collagen-like protein

SH2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase

src homology inositol phosphatase

serine hydroxymethyltransferase

small, intensely fluorescent (cells)

sensory and motor neuron-derived growth factor

Schwann cell myelin protein

soluble NSF attachment protein

substantia nigra pars compacta

subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy

substantia nigra pars reticulata

suc-associated neurotrophic factor-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated target

superoxide dismutase

son of sevenless (a G protein)

single photon emission computerized tomography

sarcoplasmic reticulum

serum responsive factor

signal recognition particle

succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

subacute sclerosing panencephalomyelitis

small secretory vesicles

striatum

subthalamic nucleus

striatum

subventricular zones

spike and wave discharges

t-butyl bicyclophosphorothionate

transcobalamin

tricyclic antidepressant;

tricarboxylic acid (cycle)

T cell receptor

toxin extruding antiporter

transforming growth factor β

tyrosine hydroxylase

4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol

3α, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one

transketolase

thin-layer chromatography

transmembrane spanning domain

tumor necrosis factor

trifunctional protein

tissue plasminogen activator;

12-d-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate

12-d-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate response element

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

thyroid stimulating hormone

thiamine triphosphate

tetrodotoxin

ubiquitin

uridine 5′-diphosphate

uridine diphosphoglucose

unconditioned stimulus

uridine 5′-triphosphate

vesicular acetylcholine transporter

vesicle associated membrane protein; synaptobrevin

ventricular:brain ratio

voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channel

vasoactive intestinal peptide

very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

very long chain fatty acids

vesicular membrane amine transporters

ventromedial hypothalamus

vomeronasal organ

ventral posterior medial nucleus

ventral tegmentum

Walsh inhibitor protein peptide

white matter

yeast artificial chromosome

yeast aspartyl protease

Zellweger syndrome