Figure 1, Pro-apoptotic signaling pathways - Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies

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Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al., editors. Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]. 4th edition. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2012.

This title is an author manuscript version first made accessible on the NCBI Bookshelf website July 2, 2012.

This title is an author manuscript version first made accessible on the NCBI Bookshelf website July 2, 2012.

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Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]. 4th edition.

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Figure 1Pro-apoptotic signaling pathways

Diagram depicts major pro-apoptotic signaling pathways. BH3-only proteins function as upstream sentinels of cell stress. Bid is activated by caspase-8 which is itself activated downstream of death receptors. Bad is activated by calcium-dependent phosphatases, while Bim and Puma are up-regulated by FoxO or p53, respectively. BH3-only proteins trigger Bax-Bak activation and apoptogenic factors are released from mitochondria, including cytochrome c (cyt c) which activates the apoptosome and caspase cascade, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Ancillary pathways include induction of apoptosis via the ASK1/JNK/c-Jun pathway and other pathways such as those downstream of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

From: Cell death and survival mechanisms after single and repeated brief seizures

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Henshall DC, Meldrum BS. Cell death and survival mechanisms after single and repeated brief seizures. In: Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al., editors. Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]. 4th edition. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2012. Figure 1, Pro-apoptotic signaling pathways.
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