Excerpt

A workshop was organized by the Chemical Sciences Roundtable of BCST (Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology) on the topic Water and Sustainable Development: Opportunities for the Chemical Sciences. The workshop brought together top experts in the area of water science and technology and leaders in chemistry and chemical engineering from government, industry, and academia. This interaction was intended to enhance the synergy between these two communities and help engage a broader cross section of the chemical sciences community in this important arena of science and technology. The workshop sessions provided technical background and explored enhanced roles that the chemical sciences R&D community might play in identifying and addressing the issues that make water a critical limiting factor in human economic development and sustainability. The goal of the workshop was to inform the Chemical Sciences Roundtable. In that process, it may also engage the broad chemical sciences community in addressing the question of how to ensure the adequate supply of water that is required for public health, sustainable agriculture and food security, energy generation, and economic growth.

Contents

• THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
• CHEMICAL SCIENCES ROUNDTABLE
• BOARD ON CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
• Preface
• Acknowledgment of Reviewers
• Introduction and Summary
  Frankie Wood-Black and Parry Norling.
  • CONTEXT AND OVERVIEW
  • WATER QUALITY AND SUPPLY: ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT
  • BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
  • KEY QUESTIONS
• Context and Overview
  • 1. Meeting the Global Water Challenge
    Alan D. Hecht.
    • DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES
    • DEVELOPMENT GOALS FOR WATER
    • SAFE WATER SYSTEMS
    • SOCIAL MARKETING
    • U.S. WATER CHALLENGES
    • DISCUSSION
  • 2. Green Chemistry: The Impact on Water Quality and Supplies
    Dennis J. Hjeresen.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • GREEN CHEMISTRY
    • CHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
    • ADDRESSING GLOBAL CHALLENGES
    • GREEN CHEMISTRY EXAMPLES
    • SUMMARY
    • DISCUSSION
  • 3. Methylmercury Contamination of Aquatic Ecosystems: A Widespread Problem with Many Challenges for the Chemical Sciences
    David P. Krabbenhoft.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • EXAMPLES
    • DISCUSSION
• Water Quality and Supply: Analysis and Treatement
  • 4. Desalination: Limitations and Challenges
    Thomas Hinkebein.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • THE ROADMAP
    • RESEARCH PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
    • DISCUSSION
  • 5. Organic Contaminants in the Environment: Challenges for the Water/Environmental Engineering Community
    Richard G. Luthy.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY AND BIOUPTAKE
    • ORGANIC SEQUESTRATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY CONTROL
    • LAMPBLACK-IMPACTED SOILS
    • BIOAVAILABILITY OF CONTAMINANTS IN SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
    • ROLE OF REGULATORS
    • CONCLUSION
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
    • REFERENCES
    • DISCUSSION
  • 6. AquaSentinel^SM: Biosensors for Rapid Monitoring of Primary-Source Drinking Water
    Elias Greenbaum.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • EXPERIMENTAL
    • RESULTS
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • REFERENCES
    • DISCUSSION
• Business Opportunities and Responsibilities
  • 7. Some New Approaches at the Orange County Water District
    Virginia Grebbien.
    • GLOBAL WATER
    • WATER IN CALIFORNIA
    • THE ORANGE COUNTY WATER DISTRICT (OCWD)
    • CHALLENGES FROM THE CHEMICAL SCIENCES
    • DISCUSSION
  • 8. A Perspective from a Water Company
    Floyd Wicks.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • INVESTMENT
    • WATER DISTRIBUTION PROBLEMS
    • OPTIONS
    • SUMMARY
    • DISCUSSION
  • 9. Sustainable Development: Role of Industrial Water Management
    Bhasker Davé.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
    • WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT EXAMPLES
    • TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY INDUSTRIAL WATER MANAGEMENT
    • SUMMARY
    • DISCUSSION
  • 10. Water Solutions and Strategies in the Chemical Industry
    Carol R. Jensen.
    • DOW—A WATER USER
    • DOW—A SUPPLIER OF CLEAN WATER TECHNOLOGY
    • SUMMARY
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENT
    • DISCUSSION
  • 11. Classifying Drinking Water Contamination for Regulatory Consideration
    Bruce A. Macler.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • REGULATORY CONTEXT
    • NEW APPROACHES
    • WATER USE PROBLEMS: FROM SOURCE TO TAP
    • BIOTERRORISM
    • NEEDS FOR THE FUTURE
    • DISCUSSION
• APPENDIXES
  • Appendix A Workshop Participants
  • Appendix B Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers
  • Appendix C Origin of and Information on the Chemical Sciences Roundtable
  • Appendix D For Further Reading

This study was supported by Research Corporation under Grant No. GG0066; the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG-02-95ER14556; the National Institutes of Health under Grant No. N01-OD-4-2139, Task Order 25; and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0328197.

Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.