Table 4Sensitivity Analysis—Impact of Intervention on EOL Outcomes: Average Odds/Incidence Rate Ratios by RCT Arm and Treatment Facility Typea

Quality measureIntervention periodDifferences in quality: intervention period compared with the preintervention periodbDifference in difference: intervention compared with preinterventionc
Compared with treatment NHs with working PCTeamsCompared with treatment NHs with nonworking PCTeams
Treatment NHs (% P < .05)Control NHs (% P < .05)All ither NYS NHs (% P < .05)Treatment NHs with nonworking PCTeam (% P < .05)Control facilities (% P < .05)All other NYS facilities (% P < .05)Control facilities (% P < .05)All other NYS facilities (% P < .05)
Working PCTeamNonworking PCTeam
Death in a hospital Definitiond 0.630 (100) 1.418 (0)1.163 (2)0.969 (32) 0.445 (100) 0.542 (85) 0.650 (100) 1.219 (0)1.463 (0)
Definitione 0.558 (100) 1.395 (0)1.158 (3)0.960 (50) 0.400 (100) 0.482 (97) 0.581 (100) 1.205 (0)1.452 (0)
Self-reported moderate-to-severe pain Definitiond1.198 (0)1.152 (0)0.893 (13) 0.878 (95) 1.040 (0)1.342 (0)1.364 (0)1.290 (0)1.312 (0)
Definitione1.158 (0)1.207 (0)0.907 (12) 0.875 (93) 0.959 (0)1.277 (0)1.324 (0)1.331 (0)1.380 (0)
Depressive symptoms Definitiond 0.528 (100) 2.841 (0)0.773 (35) 0.874 (97) 0.186 (100) 0.683 (4)0.604 (0)3.674 (0)3.250 (0)
Definitione 0.526 (100) 2.745 (0)0.787 (32) 0.870 (96) 0.191 (100) 0.668 (11)0.604 (32)3.490 (0)3.157 (0)
No. of hospital stays in the past 90 days Definitiond1.005 (0)1.141 (0)1.041 (1)1.010 (0)0.881 (0)0.965 (0)0.995 (0)1.096 (0)1.129 (0)
Definitione0.806 (0)1.202 (0)1.027 (2.5)1.015 (0)0.671 (0)0.786 (3)0.795 (0)1.171 (0)1.184 (0)

Abbreviations: EOL, end of life; NHs, nursing homes; NYS, New York State; RCT, randomized controlled trial.

aBolded cells are those where the estimated coefficients were significant at 0.05 in at least 90% of the iterations for the unidirectional hypothesis of improvement in the postperiod. Values <1 indicate treatment success.

bThe coefficients for hospital deaths, pain, and depressive symptoms.

cThe DID coefficients are the average of the ratios of the reference group to the control group. A ratio less than 1 indicates that the reference group improved relative to the control during the intervention period.

dIntervention period is defined as the active plus the passive intervention.

eIntervention period is defined as the passive intervention. Active intervention residents are excluded from the model.

From: Do Palliative Care Teams in Nursing Homes Improve the Quality of End-of-Life Care for Nursing Home Residents?

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Do Palliative Care Teams in Nursing Homes Improve the Quality of End-of-Life Care for Nursing Home Residents? [Internet]
Temkin-Greener H, Mukamel DB, Ladwig S, et al.
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