Contents

• Foreword
  Agnes M. Kalibata.
• The Approach of the UNFSS Scientific Group and an Overview of the Volume
  Joachim von Braun.
• Acknowledgements
• I. Food System Concept and Summarized Recommendations
  • Food Systems: Seven Priorities to End Hunger and Protect the Planet
    Joachim von Braun, Kaosar Afsana, Louise O. Fresco, and Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Seven Priorities
    • 2. First Steps
    • 3. Actions and Targets
    • Acknowledgment
    • References
  • Food System Concepts and Definitions for Science and Political Action
    Joachim von Braun, Kaosar Afsana, Louise O. Fresco, Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan, and Maximo Torero.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Defining and Conceptualizing Food Systems
    • 3. An Action-Oriented Concept of Food Systems
    • 4. Concluding Remarks
    • References
• II. Actions on Hunger and Healthy Diets
  • Healthy Diet: A Definition for the United Nations Food Systems Summit 2021
    Lynnette M. Neufeld, Sheryl Hendriks, and Marta Hugas.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Definition
    • 2. Approaches to Translating a Healthy Diet into Specific Food-Based Recommendations
    • 3. Conclusion
    • Annexes
    • References
  • Ensuring Access to Safe and Nutritious Food for All Through the Transformation of Food Systems
    Sheryl Hendriks, Jean-François Soussana, Martin Cole, Andrew Kambugu, and David Zilberman.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. What Is a Safe and Nutritious Diet?
    • 3. We Are Not on Track to Meet International Targets for Ensuring Safe and Nutritious Food for All By 2030
    • 4. Interconnected Food System Drivers That Affect the Access to Safe and Nutritious Food for All
    • 5. Transforming Food Systems Is Key to Safe and Nutritious Food for All
    • 6. Concluding Messages
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • A Shift to Healthy and Sustainable Consumption Patterns
    Mario Herrero, Marta Hugas, Uma Lele, Aman Wirakartakusumah, and Maximo Torero.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Building the Evidence for Healthy Diets
    • 3. Building the Evidence on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems
    • 4. Transitioning to Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems
    • 5. The Key Trade-Offs and Synergies
    • 6. Solutions and Actions
    • 7. Conclusions
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Fruits and Vegetables for Healthy Diets: Priorities for Food System Research and Action
    Jody Harris, Bart de Steenhuijsen Piters, Stepha McMullin, Babar Bajwa, Ilse de Jager, and Inge D. Brouwer.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Why Fruits and Vegetables? Why Now?
    • 2. Policy Factors: Political Power
    • 3. Push Factors: Production and Post-Harvest Power
    • 4. Pull Factors: People Power
    • 5. Fruit and Vegetable Food Systems: What Next?
    • References
  • Modeling Actions for Transforming Agrifood Systems
    David Laborde and Maximo Torero.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Addressing the Objectives of the Agri-Food Systems
    • 3. The Model
    • 4. Modeling Results
    • 5. Conclusions
    • Appendix
    • References
• III. Actions for Equity and Resilience in Food Systems
  • Advance Equitable Livelihoods
    Lynnette M. Neufeld, Jikun Huang, Ousmane Badiane, Patrick Caron, and Lisa Sennerby Forsse.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Biophysical and Environmental Drivers, Particularly Soil, Water and Climate Change
    • 3. Technology, Innovation, and Infrastructure Drivers
    • 4. Economic and Political Drivers
    • 5. Socio-cultural and Demographic Drivers
    • 6. Conclusions and Implications for the Development of Game-Changing Solutions That Will Enhance Equitable Livelihoods in Food Systems
    • References
  • A Review of Evidence on Gender Equality, Women’s Empowerment, and Food Systems
    Jemimah Njuki, Sarah Eissler, Hazel Malapit, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Elizabeth Bryan, and Agnes Quisumbing.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Conceptual Framing
    • 3. Methodology
    • 4. Findings
    • 5. Cross-Cutting Gender and Food System Issues
    • 6. Conclusions
    • 7. Recommendations for Investment
    • Annex: Key Terms and Definitions^a
    • References
  • The Future of Small Farms: Innovations for Inclusive Transformation
    Xinshen Diao, Thomas Reardon, Adam Kennedy, Ruth S. DeFries, Jawoo Koo, Bart Minten, Hiroyuki Takeshima, and Philip Thornton.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Who Will be Small Farmers in the Future?
    • 3. Innovations for the Future of Small Farms
    • 4. Policies for Inclusive Small Farm Transformation Through Innovation
    • References
  • Diversification for Enhanced Food Systems Resilience
    Thomas Hertel, Ismahane Elouafi, Morakot Tanticharoen, and Frank Ewert.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Diversification of Production
    • 2. Diversification at the Household Level
    • 3. Diversification Through the Global, Regional and Local Trading Systems
    • 4. Conclusions
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Addressing Food Crises in Violent Conflicts
    Birgit Kemmerling, Conrad Schetter, and Lars Wirkus.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Multiple Dimensions of Food Crises and Violent Conflicts
    • 3. Addressing Food Crises and Violent Conflict
    • References
  • In Brief: The White/Wiphala Paper on Indigenous Peoples’ Food Systems
    Pablo Arigita Baena, Anne Brunel, Yon Fernández-de-Larrinoa, Tania Eulalia Martinez-Cruz, Charlotte Milbank, and Mikaila Way.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Purpose of This Brief
    • 2. Coalitions from the United Nations Food Systems Summit and the Coalition on Indigenous Peoples’ Food Systems
    • 3. Action Area 1: Nourish All People
    • 4. Action Area 2: Boost Nature-Based Solutions of Production
    • 5. Action Area 3: Advance Equitable Livelihoods, Decent Work, & Empowered Communities
    • 6. Action Area 4: Build Resilience to Vulnerabilities, Shocks, and Stresses
    • 7. Action Area 5: Support Means of Implementation
    • Glossary
    • Annexes
    • References
  • Marginal Areas and Indigenous People Priorities for Research and Action
    Sayed Azam-Ali, Hayatullah Ahmadzai, Dhrupad Choudhury, Ee Von Goh, Ebrahim Jahanshiri, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Alessandro Meschinelli, Albert Thembinkosi Modi, Nhamo Nhamo, and Abidemi Olutayo.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Context
    • 2. Approach
    • 3. Evidence
    • 4. Indigenous Food Systems and Knowledge: Challenges in Diverse Settings
    • 5. Priorities and Proposed Actions
    • References
  • Priorities for Inclusive Urban Food System Transformations in the Global South
    Paule Moustier, Michelle Holdsworth, Dao The Anh, Pape Abdoulaye Seck, Henk Renting, Patrick Caron, and Nicolas Bricas.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Objective and Focus of the Chapter
    • 2. Challenges Posed by Urban Development
    • 3. The Characteristics of Urban Food Systems in the Global South
    • 4. Adaptation to Demand and Crises in Urban Food Systems
    • 5. Solutions for Enhancing Inclusive Urban Food System Transformations
    • 6. Conclusion
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Secondary Cities as Catalysts for Nutritious Diets in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Kesso Gabrielle van Zutphen, Dominique Barjolle, Sophie van den Berg, Breda Gavin-Smith, Klaus Kraemer, Capucine Musard, Helen Prytherch, Johan Six, Simon Winter, and Kris Woltering.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Challenge: A Growing Triple Burden of Malnutrition in Urban Contexts
    • 3. The Solution: Secondary Cities as Game Changers for Sustainable Food Systems
    • 4. Conclusion and Call to Action
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
• IV. Actions for Sustainable Food Production and Resource Management
  • Boost Nature-Positive Production
    Elizabeth Hodson de Jaramillo, Urs Niggli, Kaoru Kitajima, Rattan Lal, and Claudia Sadoff.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. What Do We Want to Achieve?
    • 3. What Do We Mean by Nature-Positive Food Systems?
    • 4. Challenges of Nature-Positive Food Systems
    • 5. Conclusions
    • References
  • Pathways to Advance Agroecology for a Successful Transformation to Sustainable Food Systems
    Urs Niggli, Martijn Sonnevelt, and Susanne Kummer.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Global Challenges
    • 3. Need for Transformation
    • 4. Impact of an Agroecological Transformation
    • 5. The Role of Diversity for Food Productivity
    • 6. Domains of Transformation with Enabling and Restraining Factors
    • 7. Conclusions: Contribution of Agroecology to the SDGs
    • References
  • A New Paradigm for Plant Nutrition
    Achim Dobermann, Tom Bruulsema, Ismail Cakmak, Bruno Gerard, Kaushik Majumdar, Michael McLaughlin, Pytrik Reidsma, Bernard Vanlauwe, Eva Wollenberg, Fusuo Zhang, and Xin Zhang.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction and Background
    • 2. What Can Be Done?
    • References
  • Livestock and Sustainable Food Systems: Status, Trends, and Priority Actions
    Mario Herrero, Daniel Mason-D’Croz, Philip K. Thornton, Jessica Fanzo, Jonathan Rushton, Cecile Godde, Alexandra Bellows, Adrian de Groot, Jeda Palmer, Jinfeng Chang, Hannah van Zanten, Barbara Wieland, Fabrice DeClerck, Stella Nordhagen, Ty Beal, Carlos Gonzalez, and Margaret Gill.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Background and Trends
    • 3. Implications of the Historical Supply and Demand Dynamics of ASF for Land Use and Other Environmental Metrics
    • 4. Essential Actions for Ensuring Livestock’s Contribution to Sustainable Food Systems
    • 5. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations in the Context of the Food Systems Summit
    • References
  • The Vital Roles of Blue Foods in the Global Food System
    Jim Leape, Fiorenza Micheli, Michelle Tigchelaar, Edward H. Allison, Xavier Basurto, Abigail Bennett, Simon R. Bush, Ling Cao, Beatrice Crona, Fabrice DeClerck, Jessica Fanzo, Stefan Gelcich, Jessica A. Gephart, Christopher D. Golden, Christina C. Hicks, Avinash Kishore, J. Zachary Koehn, David C. Little, Rosamond L. Naylor, Elizabeth R. Selig, Rebecca E. Short, U. Rashid Sumaila, Shakuntala H. Thilsted, Max Troell, and Colette C. C. Wabnitz.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Policy Recommendations
    • 3. Conclusion
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
  • Food System Innovations and Digital Technologies to Foster Productivity Growth and Rural Transformation
    Rui Benfica, Judith Chambers, Jawoo Koo, Alejandro Nin-Pratt, José Falck-Zepeda, Gert-Jan Stads, and Channing Arndt.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Agricultural R&D Enabling Investments and Capacities
    • 3. Actions and Solutions for Enabling Food System Innovations
    • References
  • Leveraging Data, Models & Farming Innovation to Prevent, Prepare for & Manage Pest Incursions: Delivering a Pest Risk Service for Low-Income Countries
    Bryony Taylor, Henri Edouard Zefack Tonnang, Tim Beale, William Holland, MaryLucy Oronje, Elfatih Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, David Onyango, Cambria Finegold, Jessica Zhu, Stefania Pozzi, and Sean T. Murphy.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Technology Developments and Their Application to Pest Risk
    • 3. Potential for Improving Plant Health Systems and Livelihoods: The Requirement for Effective Extension
    • 4. Conclusions and Future Actions
    • References
  • Food Systems Innovation Hubs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Kalpana Beesabathuni, Klaus Kraemer, Sufia Askari, Srujith Lingala, Madhavika Bajoria, Martin Bloem, Breda Gavin-Smith, Hamid Hamirani, Priyanka Kumari, Anne Milan, Puja Tshering, Kesso Gabrielle van Zutphen, and Kris Woltering.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Current Landscape
    • 3. The Future Opportunity for Food System Innovation Hubs and Their Impact on Society, Economy and the Environment
    • 4. Concluding Remarks
    • References
  • A Whole Earth Approach to Nature-Positive Food: Biodiversity and Agriculture
    Fabrice A. J. DeClerck, Izabella Koziell, Tim Benton, Lucas A. Garibaldi, Claire Kremen, Martine Maron, Cristina Rumbaitis Del Rio, Aman Sidhu, Jonathan Wirths, Michael Clark, Chris Dickens, Natalia Estrada Carmona, Alexander K. Fremier, Sarah K. Jones, Colin K. Khoury, Rattan Lal, Michael Obersteiner, Roseline Remans, Adrien Rusch, Lisa A. Schulte, Jeremy Simmonds, Lindsay C. Stringer, Christopher Weber, and Leigh Winowiecki.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Healthy Diets Require Dietary Diversity
    • 3. Agriculture Must Share Space with Biodiversity to Meet Global Environmental Goals
    • 4. Agriculture Must Spare Space for Biodiversity to Meet Global Environmental Goals
    • 5. Conclusions and Recommendations: Food and Agriculture Must Be the Solution to Food, Environmental and Climate Security
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Water for Food Systems and Nutrition
    Claudia Ringler, Mure Agbonlahor, Kaleab Baye, Jennie Barron, Mohsin Hafeez, Jan Lundqvist, J. V. Meenakshi, Lyla Mehta, Dawit Mekonnen, Franz Rojas-Ortuste, Aliya Tankibayeva, and Stefan Uhlenbrook.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. SDG 2 and SDG 6 Can Only Be Achieved If the Water and Food System Communities Work Together
    • 3. Solutions for Improving Food System Outcomes and Water Security
    • Acknowledgement
    • References
  • Climate Change and Food Systems
    Alisher Mirzabaev, Lennart Olsson, Rachel Bezner Kerr, Prajal Pradhan, Marta Guadalupe Rivera Ferre, and Hermann Lotze-Campen.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. How Climate Change Interacts with Food Systems and Food Security
    • 3. Solutions for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Food Systems
    • 4. Conclusion
    • References
  • Delivering Climate Change Outcomes with Agroecology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence and Actions Needed
    Sieglinde Snapp, Yodit Kebede, Eva Wollenberg, Kyle M. Dittmer, Sarah Brickman, Cecelia Egler, and Sadie Shelton.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. What Does the Evidence Tell Us?
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Crop Diversity, Its Conservation and Use for Better Food Systems
    Stefan Schmitz, Rodrigo Barrios, Hannes Dempewolf, Luigi Guarino, Charlotte Lusty, and Janet Muir.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. The Loss of Agrobiodiversity and Its Risks
    • 2. Why Ex-Situ Conservation?
    • 3. Status of Ex-Situ Conservation
    • 4. What Remains to Be Done
    • References
  • Safeguarding and Using Fruit and Vegetable Biodiversity
    Maarten van Zonneveld, Gayle M. Volk, M. Ehsan Dulloo, Roeland Kindt, Sean Mayes, Marcela Quintero, Dhrupad Choudhury, Enoch G. Achigan-Dako, and Luigi Guarino.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Fruit and Vegetable Biodiversity Contributes to a Diverse Food Supply and Quality Diets
    • 2. Declining Biodiversity Limits Options for a Sustainable and Healthy Food Supply
    • 3. Raising Awareness to Safeguard and Sustainably Use Fruit and Vegetable Biodiversity
    • 4. Rescuing Fruit and Vegetable Biodiversity
    • 5. Conditions for success
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
  • Reduction of Food Loss and Waste: The Challenges and Conclusions for Actions
    Joachim von Braun, M. Sanchéz Sorondo, and Roy Steiner.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Food Loss and Waste
    • 3. Proposed Actions
    • References
• V. Costs, Investment, Finance, and Trade Actions
  • The True Cost of Food: A Preliminary Assessment
    Sheryl Hendriks, Adrian de Groot Ruiz, Mario Herrero Acosta, Hans Baumers, Pietro Galgani, Daniel Mason-D’Croz, Cecile Godde, Katharina Waha, Dimitra Kanidou, Joachim von Braun, Mauricio Benitez, Jennifer Blanke, Patrick Caron, Jessica Fanzo, Friederike Greb, Lawrence Haddad, Anna Herforth, Danie Jordaan, William Masters, Claudia Sadoff, Jean-François Soussana, Maria Cristina Tirado, Maximo Torero, and Matthew Watkins.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Externalities as Barriers to Sustainable Food Systems
    • 3. True-Cost Accounting: Redefining the Value of Food
    • 4. Estimating the True Costs of Food Systems in the Context of the UNFSS Aspirations
    • 5. Potential Benefits of a Transition to More Sustainable Diets
    • 6. Study Limitations
    • 7. Recommendations
    • Annex 1: How Does True-Cost Accounting Work?
    • References
  • The Cost and Affordability of Preparing a Basic Meal Around the World
    William A. Masters, Elena M. Martinez, Friederike Greb, Anna Herforth, and Sheryl L. Hendriks.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Price Premiums for the Most Affordable Items in Each Category
    • 3. The Hidden Cost of Home Cooking: Time and Fuel Use
    • 4. Opportunities for Action
    • Annex
    • References
  • The Global Cost of Reaching a World Without Hunger: Investment Costs and Policy Action Opportunities
    Bezawit Beyene Chichaibelu, Maksud Bekchanov, Joachim von Braun, and Maximo Torero.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Review of Selected Estimates of the Cost of Ending Hunger
    • 3. Overview of Approaches to Reducing Hunger
    • 4. Marginal Abatement Cost Curve Approach and Investment Scenario Assumptions
    • 5. Uncertainties and Caveats of the Assessment
    • 6. Policy Implications of MACC Analyses
    • Acknowledgment
    • References
  • Financing SDG2 and Ending Hunger
    Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Costs of Interventions to Achieve SDG2 and End Hunger
    • 3. Possibles Sources of Funding
    • 4. Matrix of Financing and Interventions to Shape the Flows of Funds
    • 5. The Need for Country-Based Institutional Arrangements: A Zero Hunger Alliance & Fund
    • 6. Summary of Proposals
    • 7. Conclusion
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Trade and Sustainable Food Systems
    Andrea Zimmermann and George Rapsomanikis.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Trade, Food Security and Nutrition
    • 3. Trade, Growth and Inequality
    • 4. Trade, Environment and Climate Change
    • 5. Globalization of Food: Trade, Social and Health Impacts
    • 6. The Trade Policy Environment
    • References
• VI. Regional Perspectives
  • Policy Options for Food System Transformation in Africa and the Role of Science, Technology and Innovation
    Ousmane Badiane, Sheryl L. Hendriks, Katrin Glatzel, Fadi Abdelradi, Assefa Admassie, John Asafu Adjaye, Miltone Ayieko, Endashaw Bekele, Thameur Chaibi, Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan, Mame Samba Mbaye, Fatima Ezzahra Mengoub, Douglas W. Miano, John H. Muyonga, Tolulope Olofinbiyi, Racha Ramadan, and Simbarashe Sibanda.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Context of African Food Systems
    • 3. Transforming Food Systems in Africa Through STI and Policy Innovations
    • 4. Conclusions
    • References
  • The Role of Science, Technology and Innovation for Transforming Food Systems in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Elizabeth Hodson de Jaramillo, Eduardo J. Trigo, and Rosario Campos.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. IAP and IANAS Reports “Opportunities for Future Research and Innovation on Food and Nutrition Security and Agriculture”
    • 3. Food and Nutrition Aspects, Healthy Diets
    • 4. Science and Technology and Food System Transformation
    • 5. A Perspective from Latin America and the Caribbean
    • 6. Lessons from COVID-19
    • 7. Moving Forward: Strengthening Policy in LAC for Research and Its Uptake
    • References
  • The Role of Science, Technology, and Innovation for Transforming Food Systems in Asia
    Paul J. Moughan, Daniel A. Chamovitz, S. Ayyappan, Morakot Tanticharoen, Krishan Lal, and Yoo Hang Kim.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Overarching Framework for Developing Inclusive, Sustainable Food and Nutrition Systems
    • 3. Delivering Healthy Diets
    • 4. Transformation to Sustainably Produced and Healthy Diets
    • 5. Addressing the Food-Energy-Water Nexus and Other Natural Resources
    • 6. Supporting and Using Outputs from Fundamental Research
    • 7. Consequences of Covid-19
    • 8. Strengthening Policy for Research and Its Uptake
    • References
  • The Role of Science, Technology, and Innovation for Transforming Food Systems in Europe
    Claudia Canales and Robin Fears.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction: The Transformation of European Food Systems
    • 2. Agriculture-Environment Nexus and Agroecology in Europe
    • 3. Delivering Sustainable and Healthy Diets Under Climate Change
    • 4. Responding to COVID-19
    • 5. New Breeding Techniques: A Case Study in Science, Technology and Innovation
    • 6. Strengthening Research and Its Uptake into Policy and Practice
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Transforming Chinese Food Systems for Both Human and Planetary Health
    Shenggen Fan, Jikun Huang, Fusuo Zhang, Wenhua Zhao, Hongyuan Song, Fengying Nie, Yu Sheng, Jinxia Wang, Jieying Bi, and Wenfeng Cong.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Evolution of Food and Nutrition Security in China
    • 3. Enabling Factors Driving Chinese Food System Transformation
    • 4. Challenges Facing Chinese Food Systems
    • 5. Future Strategies and Policies
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Key Areas of the Agricultural Science Development in Russia in the Context of Global Trends and Challenges
    Nadezhda Orlova, Evgenia Serova, Vladimir Popov, and Marina Petukhova.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Biotechnologies
    • 3. Precision Agriculture
    • 4. Selection and Genetics in Crop Production and Livestock
    • 5. Food Processing Technologies
    • 6. Aquaculture
    • 7. Methods for Reducing Food Waste and Loss
    • 8. Closed Farming Systems
    • 9. Deep Processing of Agricultural and Fishery Feedstock
    • 10. Sustainable Development of Agricultural Production and Rural Areas
    • 11. Veterinary and Phytosanitary Control
    • 12. Technologies of the Logging Industry
    • 13. Conclusions
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • Food System in India. Challenges, Performance and Promise
    Ashok Gulati, Raj Paroda, Sanjiv Puri, D. Narain, and Anil Ghanwat.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. India’s Food System
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
• VII. Strategic Perspectives and Governance
  • The Role of Science, Technology and Innovation in Transforming Food Systems Globally
    Robin Fears and Claudia Canales.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction: The Transformation of Food Systems
    • 2. Regional Heterogeneity
    • 3. Agriculture-Environment Nexus
    • 4. Delivering Healthy Diets, Sustainably Produced, Under Climate Change
    • 5. Responding to Covid-19
    • 6. Using Science, Technology and Innovation to Promote and Evaluate Action
    • 7. Strengthening the Contribution of Research to Policymaking
    • 8. Conclusions
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • The Bioeconomy and Food System Transformation
    Eduardo Trigo, Hugo Chavarria, Carl Pray, Stuart J. Smyth, Agustin Torroba, Justus Wesseler, David Zilberman, and Juan F. Martinez.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Bioeconomy Concepts and Contributions
    • 2. Bioeconomic Contributions to Food System Transformation
    • 3. The Path Forward
    • References
  • In the Age of Pandemics, Connecting Food Systems and Health: A Global One Health Approach
    Gebbiena M. Bron, J. Joukje Siebenga, and Louise O. Fresco.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. The Challenges
    • 2. Impact of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases on Food Security
    • 3. Adapting the Agri-Food System to Limit Pathogen Risk
    • 4. Towards Food System Resilience
    • References
  • How Could Science–Policy Interfaces Boost Food System Transformation?
    Etienne Hainzelin, Patrick Caron, Frank Place, Arlène Alpha, Sandrine Dury, Ruben Echeverria, and Amanda Harding.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. On the Science Side
    • 3. On the Policy Side
    • 4. A Relation of Supervision: Science Is Governed and Influenced by the State
    • 5. Growing Structuration and Complexity of Science—Policy Interfaces
    • 6. Mechanisms at Play and Emerging Issues in These Interfaces
    • 7. Asymmetries Within and Among Countries in Terms of Scientific Capacity
    • 8. Science Should Move Beyond Sounding Alarms and Supplying Knowledge
    • 9. Policy Should Make Effective Use of Knowledge for Decision-Making
    • 10. “Business as Un-Usual” to Boost Food System Transformation
    • References
  • The Transition Steps Needed to Transform Our Food Systems
    Patrick Webb, Derek J. Flynn, Niamh M. Kelly, and Sandy M. Thomas.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Planning the Transition Steps
    • 3. Incentivising and Supporting Actions
    • 4. Who Needs to Act: Priorities for Transitioning Food Systems to Protect Human and Planetary Health
    • References
  • Engaging Science in Food System Transformation: Toward Implementation of the Action Agenda of the United Nations Food Systems Summit
    Joachim von Braun.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Mobilizing the Science and Knowledge Community for Implementation of UNFSS Actions
    • 3. Pathways for Broadly Engaging Networks of the Science and Knowledge Communities
    • 4. Concluding Remarks
    • Acknowledgements
    • Annexures
    • References
  • Science for Transformation of Food Systems: Opportunities for the UN Food Systems Summit
    Joachim von Braun, Kaosar Afsana, Louise O. Fresco, and Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan.
    Published online: January 2, 2023.
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Opportunities for Science and Innovation
    • 3. Modeling Synergies and Trade-Offs Between Actions in Food Systems
    • 4. Enabling Food System Transformation
    • Acknowledgments
    • References