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Crane M, Joly L, Daly BJM, et al. Integration, effectiveness and costs of different models of primary health care provision for people who are homeless: an evaluation study. Southampton (UK): National Institute for Health and Care Research; 2023 Oct. (Health and Social Care Delivery Research, No. 11.16.)

Cover of Integration, effectiveness and costs of different models of primary health care provision for people who are homeless: an evaluation study

Integration, effectiveness and costs of different models of primary health care provision for people who are homeless: an evaluation study.

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TABLE 48

Dichotomous predictors, including Health Service Models, used in regression models

PredictorsTime periodParticipants, n/N (%)Regression modelsa
ABCDE
Dedicated Centre96/363 (26.4)
Mobile Team96/363 (26.4)
Specialist GP96/363 (26.4)
Usual Care GP (set as control)75/363 (20.7)
Characteristics reported by participants
Female72/363 (19.8)
Black or Black British26/361 (7.2)
Born in the UK289/362 (79.8)
British born/British citizen309/359 (86.1)
In education/training/employmentBaseline53/363 (14.6)
Has income (earnings/welfare benefits)Baseline315/362 (87.0)
Support from family/friendsBaselineb175/358 (48.9)
Smoking ≥ 20 cigarettes/roll-ups dailyBaseline70/331 (21.1)
Drinking > 14 units of alcohol weeklyBaseline149/345 (43.2)
Used drugsBaselineb217/361 (60.1)
Injected drugsBaselineb82/354 (23.2)
Physical health problemsBaselineb343/362 (94.8)
DepressionBaselineb293/357 (82.1)
Registration at CSS (medical records)
< 4 monthsBaseline50/363 (13.8)
< 6 monthsBaseline96/363 (26.4)
> 1 yearBaseline196/363 (54.0)
> 2 yearsBaseline113/363 (31.1)
> 3 yearsBaseline74/363 (20.4)
Consultations with external key worker c
AnyBaselineb71/348 (20.4)
Monthly or more oftenBaselineb58/348 (16.7)
Participants’ ratings of CSS doctor/nurse
Able to ‘drop in’ to CSS and be seenBaseline262/359 (73.0)
Confidence/trust in person: definitelyBaseline286/351 (81.5)
Good/very good at giving enough timeBaseline328/352 (93.2)
Good/very good at listeningBaseline314/350 (89.7)
Good/very good at explaining condition/treatmentBaseline306/345 (88.7)
Good/very good at involving patient in decisions about careBaseline285/332 (85.8)
Good/very good at treating patient with care and concernBaseline313/349 (89.7)
Good/very good at providing/arranging treatmentBaseline302/336 (89.9)
a

Model A: secondary outcome regressions for SF-8 and SWEMWBS at baseline. Model B: secondary outcome regressions for participants’ ratings at baseline of overall experience of CSS. Model C: secondary outcome regressions for participants’ ratings at baseline of Quality of Care. Model D: logistic regression for usage (no/yes) of any out-of-hours service (A&E, NHS walk-in/urgent care clinic, NHS 111, ambulance call-out). Model E: regression for Grand Total Costs.

b

In preceding 4 months; extended to cover the 12-month study period for models D and E.

c

Day centre workers and other non-accommodation-based workers. Does not include workers based at the CSS or at the accommodation where participants were living.

From: Appendix 3, Predictors used in regression models (additional tables)

Copyright © 2023 Crane et al.

This work was produced by Crane et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. This is an Open Access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. For attribution the title, original author(s), the publication source – NIHR Journals Library, and the DOI of the publication must be cited.

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