IARC Monographs

In 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic hazard of chemicals to humans, involving the production of critically evaluated monographs on individual chemicals. The programme was subsequently expanded to include evaluations of carcinogenic hazards associated with exposures to complex mixtures, lifestyle factors and biological and physical agents, as well as those in specific occupations. The objective of the programme is to elaborate and publish in the form of monographs critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for agents to which humans are known to be exposed and on specific exposure situations; to evaluate these data in terms of cancer hazard to humans with the help of international working groups of experts in carcinogenesis and related fields; and to identify gaps in evidence. The lists of IARC evaluations are regularly updated and are available on the internet at https://monographs.iarc.who.int/.

This programme has been supported since 1982 by Cooperative Agreement U01 CA33193 with the United States National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services. Additional support has been provided since 1986 by the European Commission Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs, and Inclusion, initially by the Unit of Health, Safety and Hygiene at Work, and since 2014 by the European Union Programme for Employment and Social Innovation "EaSI" (for further information please consult: https://ec.europa.eu/social/easi). Support has also been provided since 1992 by the United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services. The contents of this volume are solely the responsibility of the Working Group and do not necessarily represent the official views of the United States National Cancer Institute, the United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the United States Department of Health and Human Services, or the European Commission.

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• ©International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2022
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IARC Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Names: IARC Working Group on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans.

Title: Gentian violet, leucogentian violet, malachite green, leucomalachite green, and CI Direct Blue 218.

Description: Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2022. | Series: IARC monographs on the identification of carcinogenic hazards to humans, ISSN 1017-1606; v. 129. | “This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans, which met remotely, 22 February – 5 March 2021.” | Includes bibliographical references. | Spine title: Some dyes and their leucometabolites.

Identifiers: ISBN 9789283201694 (pbk.) | ISBN 9789283201960 (ebook)

Subjects: MESH: Carcinogens. | Neoplasms--chemically induced. | Gentian Violet --adverse effects. | Rosaniline Dyes--adverse effects. | Risk Factors.

Classification: NLM W1

About the cover: Gentian violet, malachite green, and CI Direct Blue 218 are widely used as textile dyes.

Source: © Adobe Stock/Pornthiwa

How to cite: IARC (2022). Gentian violet, leucogentian violet, malachite green, leucomalachite green, and CI Direct Blue 218. IARC Monogr Identif Carcinog Hazards Hum, 129:1–178.