Antifungal use in plant agriculture is a widespread practice necessary to safeguard food safety and security. While the impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health concern, knowledge gaps exist surrounding antifungal resistance, the connection to plant agriculture, and its implications for human health. The National Academies Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a workshop series in June 2022 exploring the role of plant agricultural practices in AMR development and implications for human health, with a focus on plant crop production. Sessions explored the magnitude of environmentally induced/selected antifungal resistance connected to plant agriculture, agricultural practices that may contribute to AMR in human pathogens, and strategies for surveillance and mitigation.This Proceedings document summarizes workshop discussions.

Contents

• The National Academies of SCIENCES • ENGINEERING • MEDICINE
• PLANNING COMMITTEE ON THE ROLE OF PLANT AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ON DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT FUNGI AFFECTING HUMAN HEALTH
• FORUM ON MICROBIAL THREATS
• Reviewers
• Acronyms and Abbreviations
• 1. Introduction
  • WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES
  • ORGANIZATION OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP
• 2. Fungal Pathogens in Plant and Human Health
  • ANTIFUNGAL DRUG USES IN HUMAN MEDICINE
  • AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL USE STATISTICAL PROGRAM
  • QUADRIPARTITE ALLIANCE JOINT ACTIVITIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
  • DISCUSSION
• 3. Fungal Diseases, Antifungal Resistance, and Human Health
  • IMPACT OF INVASIVE FUNGAL DISEASES AND ANTIFUNGAL DRUG RESISTANCE ON HUMAN HEALTH
  • GLOBAL INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF ASPERGILLOSIS AND INTRODUCTION TO AZOLE RESISTANCE
  • THE EMERGING THREAT OF ANTIFUNGAL-RESISTANT CANDIDA SPECIES
  • CURRENT RESEARCH ON PATHOGENESIS AND HOST IMMUNITY TOWARD TREATMENT OPTIONS
  • DISCUSSION
• 4. Fungicide Resistance in Plant Protection Use
  • GENETICS AND MECHANISMS OF FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
  • AZOLE-RESISTANT ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS IN AGRONOMIC SETTINGS: HOTSPOTS AND COLDSPOTS
  • DISCUSSION
  • REFLECTIONS ON DAY ONE
• 5. Role of Fungicide Use in Food Safety and Security
  • ROLE OF AZOLE FUNGICIDES IN SAFEGUARDING FOOD SAFETY AND SECURITY
  • AZOLE USE FOR FOOD SAFETY AND SECURITY
  • DISCUSSION
• 6. Dimensions of Fungicide Regulations, Use Management, and Risk Assessment
  • USE OF FUNGICIDES IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
  • U.S. FUNGICIDE REGULATION AND REGISTRATION
  • ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT PESTICIDES PROGRAMME
  • OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANT FUNGI AND POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS IN HUMAN HEALTH
  • DISCUSSION
• 7. Innovations in Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Tools and Technologies
  • ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS AZOLE RESISTANCE SURVEY BY AIR SAMPLING THROUGH A COMMUNITY SCIENCE APPROACH
  • INNOVATION IN DATA COLLECTION TOOLS FOR SURVEILLANCE AND MITIGATION: CROP AND ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION TOOLS
  • IMPACT NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR GUIDING SURVEILLANCE AND MITIGATION
  • DISCUSSION
  • REFLECTIONS ON DAY TWO
• 8. One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogen Surveillance
  • ONE HEALTH APPROACH TO ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE SURVEILLANCE AND MITIGATION MEASURES
  • GENOMIC SURVEILLANCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
  • DIAGNOSTICS, RESISTANCE TESTING, AND SURVEILLANCE CAPABILITIES IN HEALTH CARE AND AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
  • INTERNATIONAL ONE HEALTH APPROACH TO ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND PATHOGEN SURVEILLANCE
  • ONE HEALTH ASPECTS OF CIRCULARITY
  • DISCUSSION
• 9. Antifungal Drug Development and Stewardship in Health Care
  • NEW ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS IN DEVELOPMENT
  • ANTIFUNGAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES AND NEED FOR INCENTIVES
  • DISCUSSION
• 10. Integrated Plant Disease Management
  • PRECISION APPLICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION
  • FINDING NEEDLES IN HAYSTACKS: DISEASE MONITORING AND RISK ASSESSMENT
  • MITIGATION MEASURES IN COMPOST HOTSPOTS
  • DISCUSSION
  • REFLECTIONS ON DAY THREE
• References
• Appendix A. Statement of Task
• Appendix B. Workshop Agenda

Suggested citation:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. The role of plant agricultural practices on development of antimicrobial resistant fungi affecting human health: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26833.

Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/26833

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