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Cover of Feeding a Lower Versus Higher Intensity, Proportion, or Amount of Human Milk to Mixed-Fed Infants and Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review

Feeding a Lower Versus Higher Intensity, Proportion, or Amount of Human Milk to Mixed-Fed Infants and Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review

, MS, , PhD, , MPH, , , MLS, , MLS, MPH, , MD, , PhD, RD, , MS, RD, , MD, PhD, , PhD, RD, IBCLC, , PhD, , MD, MPH, , PhD, , MD, , PhD, RD, , MS, RDN, and , PhD.

Author Information and Affiliations
Alexandria (VA): USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review; .

TECHNICAL ABSTRACT

Background

  • This systematic review was conducted as part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project.
  • The goal of this systematic review was to examine the following question: What is the relationship between feeding a lower versus higher intensity, proportion, or amount of human milk to mixed-fed infants and celiac disease?
  • This systematic review examines comparisons of mixed-fed infants fed different intensities, proportions, or amounts of human milk. Mixed feeding was defined as feeding human milk and infant formula but not complementary foods or beverages such as cow’s milk. Human milk was defined as mother’s own milk provided at the breast (i.e., nursing) or expressed and fed fresh or after refrigeration or freezing. Donor milk (e.g., banked milk) was not examined in this review. Infant formula was defined as commercially-prepared infant formula meeting FDA4 and/or Codex Alimentarius5 international food standards. Complementary foods and beverages was defined as foods and beverages other than human milk or infant formula provided to an infant or young child to provide nutrients and energy.
  • This systematic review examines diagnosed celiac disease, only, to ensure that it addresses the relationship of feeding a lower versus higher intensity, proportion, or amount of human milk to mixed-fed infants with celiac disease and not the relationship of feeding a lower versus higher intensity, proportion, or amount of human milk to mixed-fed infants with the many other diseases and conditions with similar symptoms.

Conclusion statement and grade

  • There is no evidence to determine whether or not there is a relationship between feeding a lower versus higher intensity, proportion, or amount of human milk to mixed-fed infants and celiac disease outcomes in offspring.
    Grade: Grade Not Assignable

Methods

  • The systematic review was conducted by a team of staff from the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review in collaboration with a Technical Expert Collaborative.
  • A single literature search was conducted to identify literature for several related systematic reviews that examined infant milk-feeding practices and different outcomes. The search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed, and used a search date range of January 1980 to March 2016. A manual search was done to identify articles that may not have been included in the electronic databases searched.
  • Articles were screened independently by 2 NESR analysts to determine which articles met predetermined criteria for inclusion.
  • Because no articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria, the conclusion statement and grade reflect the absence of evidence and that no grade was assignable to the strength of the evidence.

Summary of evidence

  • No articles met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review.
4

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Version 19 December 2013. Internet: https://www​.fda.gov/Food​/GuidanceRegulation​/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation​/InfantFormula/ucm136118​.htm#manufacture (accessed March 23, 2018)

5

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World Health Organization. Codex Alimentarius. International Food Standards. Standard for infant formula and formulas for special medical purposes intended for infants. Codex Stan 72-1981. 2007.

Funding source: United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA

Suggested citation:

Güngör D, Nadaud P, Dreibelbis C, LaPergola C, Terry N, Wong YP, Abrams SA, Beker L, Jacobovits T, Järvinen KM, Nommsen-Rivers LA, O’Brien KO, Oken E, Pérez-Escamilla R, Ziegler, EE, Casavale KO, Spahn JM, Stoody E. Feeding a Lower Versus Higher Intensity, Proportion, or Amount of Human Milk to Mixed-Fed Infants and Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review. April 2019. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review. Available at: https://doi.org/10.52570/NESR.PB242018.SR0221.

In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident.

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Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English.

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mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410;

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fax: (202) 690-7442; or

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Related citations:

This systematic review has also been published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: Güngör D, Nadaud P, Dreibelbis C, LaPergola CC, Wong YP, Terry N, Abrams SA, Beker L, Jacobovits T, Järvinen KM, Nommsen-Rivers LA, O’Brien KO, Oken E, Pérez-Escamilla R, Ziegler, EE, Spahn JM. Infant milk-feeding practices and diagnosed celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease in offspring: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(7):838S-851S. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy371 [PMC free article: PMC6500925] [PubMed: 30982875].

Related citations are published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition:

  • P/B-24 Project overview: Stoody EE, Spahn JM, Casavale KO. The Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project: a series of systematic reviews on diet and health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(7):685S–97S. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy372 [PubMed: 30982878].
  • P/B-24 Project systematic review methodology: Obbagy JE, Spahn JM, Wong YP, Psota TL, Spill MK, Dreibelbis C, Gungor DE, Nadaud P, Raghavan R, Callahan EH, English LK, Kingshipp BL, LaPergola CC, Shapiro MJ, Stoody EE. Systematic review methodols used in the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(7):698S–704S. Available at https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy226 [PubMed: 30445449].

Copyright Notice

The contents of this document may be used and reprinted without permission. Endorsements by NESR, NGAD, CNPP, FNS, or USDA of derivative products developed from this work may not be stated or implied.

Bookshelf ID: NBK581461PMID: 35763581DOI: 10.52570/NESR.PB242018.SR0221

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