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Feeding a Lower Versus Higher Intensity, Proportion, or Amount of Human Milk to Mixed-Fed Infants and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review
Darcy Güngör, MS, Perrine Nadaud, PhD, Carol Dreibelbis, MPH, Concetta LaPergola, Nancy Terry, MLS, Yat Ping Wong, MLS, MPH, Steve A. Abrams, MD, Leila Beker, PhD, RD, Tova Jacobovits, MS, RD, Kirsi M Järvinen, MD, PhD, Laurie A. Nommsen-Rivers, PhD, RD, IBCLC, Kimberly O. O’Brien, PhD, Emily Oken, MD, MPH, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, PhD, Ekhard Ziegler, MD, Kellie O. Casavale, PhD, RD, Joanne M. Spahn, MS, RDN, and Eve Stoody, PhD.
Author Information and AffiliationsAlexandria (VA): USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review; 2019 Apr.
TECHNICAL ABSTRACT
Background
- This systematic review was conducted as part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project.
- The goal of this systematic review was to examine the following question: What is the relationship between feeding a lower versus higher intensity, proportion, or amount of human milk to mixed-fed infants and childhood leukemia?
- This systematic review examines comparisons of mixed-fed infants fed different intensities, proportions, or amounts of human milk. Mixed feeding was defined as feeding human milk and infant formula but not complementary foods or beverages such as cow’s milk. Human milk was defined as mother’s own milk provided at the breast (i.e., nursing) or expressed and fed fresh or after refrigeration or freezing. Donor milk (e.g., banked milk) was not examined in this review. Infant formula was defined as commercially-prepared infant formula meeting FDA4 and/or Codex Alimentarius5 international food standards. Complementary foods and beverages was defined as foods and beverages other than human milk or infant formula provided to an infant or young child to provide nutrients and energy.
- Childhood leukemia includes acute childhood leukemia, generally, as well as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, specifically.
Conclusion statement and grade
- There is no evidence to determine whether or not there is a relationship between feeding a lower versus higher intensity, proportion, or amount of human milk to mixed-fed infants and childhood leukemia.Grade: Grade Not Assignable
Methods
- The systematic review was conducted by a team of staff from the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review in collaboration with a Technical Expert Collaborative.
- A single literature search was conducted to identify literature for several related systematic reviews that examined infant milk-feeding practices and different outcomes. The search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed, and used a search date range of January 1980 to March 2016. A manual search was done to identify articles that may not have been included in the electronic databases searched.
- Articles were screened independently by 2 NESR analysts to determine which articles met predetermined criteria for inclusion.
- Because no articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria, the conclusion statement and grade reflect the absence of evidence and that no grade was assignable to the strength of the evidence.
Summary of evidence
- No articles met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review.
- 4
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Version 19 December 2013. Internet: https://www
.fda.gov/Food /GuidanceRegulation /GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation /InfantFormula/ucm136118 .htm#manufacture (accessed March 23, 2018) - 5
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World Health Organization. Codex Alimentarius. International Food Standards. Standard for infant formula and formulas for special medical purposes intended for infants. Codex Stan 72-1981. 2007.
Contents
Funding source: United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA
Suggested citation:
Güngör D, Nadaud P, Dreibelbis C, LaPergola C, Terry N, Wong YP, Abrams SA, Beker L, Jacobovits T, Järvinen KM, Nommsen-Rivers LA, O’Brien KO, Oken E, Pérez-Escamilla R, Ziegler, EE, Casavale KO, Spahn JM, Stoody E. Feeding a Lower Versus Higher Intensity, Proportion, or Amount of Human Milk to Mixed-Fed Infants and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review. April 2019. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review. Available at: https://doi.org/10.52570/NESR.PB242018.SR0204
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Related citations:
This systematic review has also been published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: Güngör D, Nadaud P, Dreibelbis C, LaPergola CC, Wong YP, Terry N, et al. Infant milk-feeding practices and childhood leukemia: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(7):757S–71S. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy306 [PMC free article: PMC6500929] [PubMed: 30982871].
Related citations are published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition:
- P/B-24 Project overview: Stoody EE, Spahn JM, Casavale KO. The Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project: a series of systematic reviews on diet and health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(7):685S–97S. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy372 [PubMed: 30982878].
- P/B-24 Project systematic review methodology: Obbagy JE, Spahn JM, Wong YP, Psota TL, Spill MK, Dreibelbis C, Gungor DE, Nadaud P, Raghavan R, Callahan EH, English LK, Kingshipp BL, LaPergola CC, Shapiro MJ, Stoody EE. Systematic review methodols used in the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(7):698S–704S. Available at https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy226 [PubMed: 30445449].
- NLM CatalogRelated NLM Catalog Entries
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