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Cover of Seafood Consumption during Childhood and Adolescence and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review

Seafood Consumption during Childhood and Adolescence and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review

Authors

, PhD, RDN,a , PhD, MPH, RD,b , MD, DrPH,c , PhD, RDN, LD,d , PhD,e , PhD, MPH, RD,f , MS, RDN,g , PhD,f , MLIS, MEd,h , MS, MLS,i and , PhD, RDj.

Affiliations

a Chair, Dietary Fats and Seafood Subcommittee, 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee; University of Iowa
b Member, Dietary Fats and Seafood Subcommittee, 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee; Purdue University
c Member, Dietary Fats and Seafood Subcommittee, 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee; Loma Linda University
d Member, Dietary Fats and Seafood Subcommittee, 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee; Northwestern University
e Chair, 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee; University of California, Davis
f Systematic review analyst, Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team; Panum Group under contract with the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
g Systematic review analyst, NESR team; Nutrition Guidance and Analysis Division (NGAD), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), FNS, USDA
h Systematic review librarian, NESR team; Panum Group under contract with the FNS, USDA
i Biomedical librarian, NESR team; National Institutes of Health Library, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
j Project Lead, NESR team; NGAD, CNPP, FNS, USDA
Alexandria (VA): USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review; .

TECHNICAL ABSTRACT

Background

  • This important public health question was identified by the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS) to be examined by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee.
  • The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, Dietary Fats and Seafood Subcommittee conducted a systematic review to answer this question with support from the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team.
  • The goal of this systematic review was to examine the following question: What is the relationship between seafood consumption during childhood and adolescence (up to 18 years of age) and risk of cardiovascular disease?

Conclusion Statement and Grade

  • Insufficient evidence is currently available to accurately determine the relationship between seafood consumption during childhood and adolescence and risk of developing cardiovascular disease. (Grade: Grade not assignable)

Methods

  • A literature search was conducted using four databases (i.e., PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and CINAHL) to identify articles that evaluated the intervention or exposure of seafood consumption during childhood and adolescence and the outcomes of cardiovascular disease. A manual search was conducted to identify articles that may not have been included in the electronic databases searched. Articles were screened by two NESR analysts independently for inclusion based on pre-determined criteria.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted for each included study, and both were checked for accuracy. The Committee qualitatively synthesized the body of evidence to inform development of a conclusion statement, and graded the strength of evidence using pre-established criteria for risk of bias, consistency, directness, precision, and generalizability.

Summary of the evidence

  • Four articles, two randomized controlled trials and two prospective cohort studies, met inclusion criteria for this systematic review.
  • The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee used the following seafood definition: marine animals that live in the sea and in freshwater lakes and rivers. Seafood includes fish (e.g., salmon, tuna, trout, and tilapia) and shellfish (e.g., shrimp, crab, and oysters).
  • Few articles were identified that examined the relationship between seafood intake during childhood and adolescence and blood pressure, lipid levels, and cardiovascular-related mortality, and no articles examined the relationship with incidence of cardiovascular disease.
  • Two of four included articles had serious methodological limitations that made interpretation of the results difficult.
  • Evidence was insufficient and no conclusion could be drawn.
FUNDING SOURCE: United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA

Suggested citation:

Snetselaar L, Bailey R, Sabaté J, Van Horn L, Schneeman B, Kim JH, Spahn J, Bahnfleth C, Butera G, Terry N, Obbagy J. Seafood Consumption during Childhood and Adolescence and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. July 2020. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review. Available at: https://doi.org/10.52570/NESR.DGAC2020.SR0504

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Related citation: Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee: Advisory Report to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services. July 2020. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Available at: https://doi.org/10.52570/DGAC2020

Copyright Notice

The contents of this document may be used and reprinted without permission. Endorsements by NESR, NGAD, CNPP, FNS, or USDA of derivative products developed from this work may not be stated or implied.

Bookshelf ID: NBK579444PMID: 35436067DOI: 10.52570/NESR.DGAC2020.SR0504