References

Larisa Duffy; Caroline S Clarke; Gemma Lewis; Louise Marston; Nick Freemantle; Simon Gilbody; Rachael Hunter; Tony Kendrick; David Kessler; Michael King; Paul Lanham; Dee Mangin; Michael Moore; Irwin Nazareth; Nicola Wiles; Faye Bacon; Molly Bird; Sally Brabyn; Alison Burns; Yvonne Donkor; Anna Hunt; Jodi Pervin; Glyn Lewis

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Duffy L, Clarke CS, Lewis G, et al. Antidepressant medication to prevent depression relapse in primary care: the ANTLER RCT. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2021 Nov. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 25.69.)

Antidepressant medication to prevent depression relapse in primary care: the ANTLER RCT.

Show details

Contents

< Prev Next >

References

1.: World Health Organization. Depression: Key Facts. 2018. URL: www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression (accessed 3 September 2021).
2.: Pilling S, Anderson I, Goldberg D, Meader N, Taylor C, Two Guideline Development Groups. Depression in adults, including those with a chronic physical health problem: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2009;339:b4108. 10.1136/bmj.b4108 [PMC free article: PMC3230232] [PubMed: 19861376] [CrossRef]
3.: Lewinsohn PM, Solomon A, Seeley JR, Zeiss A. Clinical implications of ‘subthreshold’ depressive symptoms. J Abnorm Psychol 2000;109:345–51. 10.1037/0021-843X.109.2.345 [PubMed: 10895574] [CrossRef]
4.: McCrea RL, Sammon CJ, Nazareth I, Petersen I. Initiation and duration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescribing over time: UK cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 2016;209:421–6. 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.166975 [PubMed: 27539294] [CrossRef]
5.: Moore M, Yuen HM, Dunn N, Mullee MA, Maskell J, Kendrick T. Explaining the rise in antidepressant prescribing: a descriptive study using the general practice research database. BMJ 2009;339:b3999. 10.1136/bmj.b3999 [PMC free article: PMC2762496] [PubMed: 19833707] [CrossRef]
6.: Wiles N, Thomas L, Abel A, Ridgway N, Turner N, Campbell J, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for primary care based patients with treatment resistant depression: results of the CoBalT randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2013;381:375–84. 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61552-9 [PubMed: 23219570] [CrossRef]
7.: Viola S, Moncrieff J. Claims for sickness and disability benefits owing to mental disorders in the UK: trends from 1995 to 2014. BJPsych Open 2016;2:18–24. 10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002246 [PMC free article: PMC4995588] [PubMed: 27703749] [CrossRef]
8.: McManus S, Bebbington P, Jenkins R, Brugha T. Mental Health and Wellbeing in England. Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014. 2016. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/556596/apms-2014-full-rpt.pdf (accessed 3 September 2021).
9.: Hewlett E, Moran V. Making Mental Health Count: The Social and Economic Costs of Neglecting Mental Health Care. Paris: OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris; 2014. 10.1787/9789264208445-en [CrossRef]
10.: Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, Chaimani A, Atkinson LZ, Ogawa Y, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet 2018;391:1357–66. 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32802-7 [PMC free article: PMC5889788] [PubMed: 29477251] [CrossRef]
11.: Geddes JR, Carney SM, Davies C, Furukawa TA, Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Goodwin GM. Relapse prevention with antidepressant drug treatment in depressive disorders: a systematic review. Lancet 2003;361:653–61. 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12599-8 [PubMed: 12606176] [CrossRef]
12.: Glue P, Donovan MR, Kolluri S, Emir B. Meta-analysis of relapse prevention antidepressant trials in depressive disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2010;44:697–705. 10.3109/00048671003705441 [PubMed: 20636190] [CrossRef]
13.: Kaymaz N, van Os J, Loonen AJ, Nolen WA. Evidence that patients with single versus recurrent depressive episodes are differentially sensitive to treatment discontinuation: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69:1423–36. 10.4088/JCP.v69n0910 [PubMed: 19193343] [CrossRef]
14.: Sim K, Lau WK, Sim J, Sum MY, Baldessarini RJ. Prevention of relapse and recurrence in adults with major depressive disorder: systematic review and meta-analyses of controlled trials. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015;19:pyv076. 10.1093/ijnp/pyv076 [PMC free article: PMC4772815] [PubMed: 26152228] [CrossRef]
15.: Johnson CF, Macdonald HJ, Atkinson P, Buchanan AI, Downes N, Dougall N. Reviewing long-term antidepressants can reduce drug burden: a prospective observational cohort study. Br J Gen Pract 2012;62:e773–9. 10.3399/bjgp12X658304 [PMC free article: PMC3481518] [PubMed: 23211181] [CrossRef]
16.: Mojtabai R, Olfson M. National trends in long-term use of antidepressant medications: results from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Psychiatry 2014;75:169–77. 10.4088/JCP.13m08443 [PubMed: 24345349] [CrossRef]
17.: Cook BL, Helms PM, Smith RE, Tsai M. Unipolar depression in the elderly. Reoccurrence on discontinuation of tricyclic antidepressants. J Affect Disord 1986;10:91–4. 10.1016/0165-0327(86)90031-5 [PubMed: 2941473] [CrossRef]
18.: Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Perel JM, Cornes C, Mallinger AG, Thase ME, et al. Five-year outcome for maintenance therapies in recurrent depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:769–73. 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820100013002 [PubMed: 1417428] [CrossRef]
19.: Bialos D, Giller E, Jatlow P, Docherty J, Harkness L. Recurrence of depression after discontinuation of long-term amitriptyline treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1982;139:325–9. 10.1176/ajp.139.3.325 [PubMed: 6800270] [CrossRef]
20.: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression: Management of Depression in Primary and Secondary Care. Clinical Guidelines 23 . London: NICE; 2010.
21.: Marsden J, White M, Annand F, Burkinshaw P, Carville S, Eastwood B, et al. Medicines associated with dependence or withdrawal: a mixed-methods public health review and national database study in England. Lancet Psychiatry 2019;6:935–50. 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30331-1 [PMC free article: PMC7029276] [PubMed: 31588045] [CrossRef]
22.: Furukawa TA, Cipriani A, Cowen PJ, Leucht S, Egger M, Salanti G. Optimal dose of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine in major depression: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2019;6:601–9. 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30217-2 [PMC free article: PMC6586944] [PubMed: 31178367] [CrossRef]
23.: Tallon D, Wiles N, Campbell J, Chew-Graham C, Dickens C, Macleod U, et al. Mirtazapine added to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for treatment-resistant depression in primary care (MIR trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2016;17:66. 10.1186/s13063-016-1199-2 [PMC free article: PMC5526304] [PubMed: 26842107] [CrossRef]
24.: OpenPrescribing. Search GP Prescribing Data. 2020. URL: https://openprescribing.net/analyse (accessed 3 October 2021).
25.: Lewis G, Pelosi AJ, Araya R, Dunn G. Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers. Psychol Med 1992;22:465–86. 10.1017/s0033291700030415 [PubMed: 1615114] [CrossRef]
26.: Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16:606–13. 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x [PMC free article: PMC1495268] [PubMed: 11556941] [CrossRef]
27.: Gilbody S, Richards D, Brealey S, Hewitt C. Screening for depression in medical settings with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ): a diagnostic meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2007;22:1596–602. 10.1007/s11606-007-0333-y [PMC free article: PMC2219806] [PubMed: 17874169] [CrossRef]
28.: Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1092–7. 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 [PubMed: 16717171] [CrossRef]
29.: Vanderkooy JD, Kennedy SH, Bagby RM. Antidepressant side effects in depression patients treated in a naturalistic setting: a study of bupropion, moclobemide, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine. Can J Psychiatry 2002;47:174–80. 10.1177/070674370204700208 [PubMed: 11926080] [CrossRef]
30.: Crawford AA, Lewis S, Nutt D, Peters TJ, Cowen P, O’Donovan MC, et al. Adverse effects from antidepressant treatment: randomised controlled trial of 601 depressed individuals. Psychopharmacology 2014;231:2921–31. 10.1007/s00213-014-3467-8 [PMC free article: PMC4099525] [PubMed: 24525810] [CrossRef]
31.: Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 1996;34:220–33. 10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003 [PubMed: 8628042] [CrossRef]
32.: Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Hoog SL, Ascroft RC, Krebs WB. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:77–87. 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00126-7 [PubMed: 9646889] [CrossRef]
33.: Duffy L, Lewis G, Ades A, Araya R, Bone, JK, Brabyn, S et al. Antidepressant treatment with sertraline for adults with depressive symptoms in primary care: the PANDA research programme including RCT. Programme Grants Appl Res 2019;7(10). 10.3310/pgfar07100 [PubMed: 31869013] [CrossRef]
34.: Lewis G, Marston L, Duffy L, Freemantle N, Gilbody S, Hunter R, et al. Maintenance or discontinuation of antidepressants in primary care. N Engl J Med 2021;385:1275–67. 10.1056/NEJMoa2106356 [PubMed: 34587384] [CrossRef]
35.: Tiddeman B, Burt M, Perrett D. Prototyping and transforming facial textures for perception research. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 2001;21:42–50. 10.1109/38.946630 [CrossRef]
36.: Harmer CJ, Goodwin GM, Cowen PJ. Why do antidepressants take so long to work? A cognitive neuropsychological model of antidepressant drug action. Br J Psychiatry 2009;195:102–8. 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.051193 [PubMed: 19648538] [CrossRef]
37.: Guitart-Masip M, Economides M, Huys QJM, et al. Differential, but not opponent, effects of l-DOPA and citalopram on action learning with reward and punishment. Psychopharmacology 2014;231:955–66. 10.1007/s00213-013-3313-4 [PMC free article: PMC3923110] [PubMed: 24232442] [CrossRef]
38.: Shih JH. Sample size calculation for complex clinical trials with survival endpoints. Control Clin Trials 1995;16:395–407. 10.1016/S0197-2456(95)00132-8 [PubMed: 8720017] [CrossRef]
39.: Twisk J, Bosman L, Hoekstra T, Rijnhart J, Welten M, Heymans M. Different ways to estimate treatment effects in randomised controlled trials. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018;10:80–5. 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.03.008 [PMC free article: PMC5898524] [PubMed: 29696162] [CrossRef]
40.: Frank E, Prien RF, Jarrett RB, Keller MB, Kupfer DJ, Lavori PW, et al. Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:851–5. 10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011 [PubMed: 1929776] [CrossRef]
41.: Rush AJ, Kraemer HC, Sackeim HA, Fava M, Trivedi MH, Frank E, et al. Report by the ACNP Task Force on response and remission in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31:1841–53. 10.1038/sj.npp.1301131 [PubMed: 16794566] [CrossRef]
42.: Burcusa SL, Iacono WG. Risk for recurrence in depression. Clin Psychol Rev 2007;27:959–85. 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.02.005 [PMC free article: PMC2169519] [PubMed: 17448579] [CrossRef]
43.: Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960;23:56–62. 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 [PMC free article: PMC495331] [PubMed: 14399272] [CrossRef]
44.: Montgomery A, Asbery M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 1979;134:382–9. 10.1192/bjp.134.4.382 [PubMed: 444788] [CrossRef]
45.: Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561–71. 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 [PubMed: 13688369] [CrossRef]
46.: Malpass A, Dowrick C, Gilbody S, Robinson J, Wiles N, Duffy L, Lewis G. Usefulness of PHQ-9 in primary care to determine meaningful symptoms of low mood: a qualitative study. Br J Gen Pract 2016;66:e78–84. 10.3399/bjgp16X683473 [PMC free article: PMC4723218] [PubMed: 26823268] [CrossRef]
47.: World Health Organization (WHO). Composite Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), Ver. 1.0. Geneva: WHO; 1990.
48.: Wittchen HU, Robins LN, Cottler LB, Sartorius N, Burke JD, Regier D. Cross-cultural feasibility, reliability and sources of variance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The Multicentre WHO/ADAMHA Field Trials. Br J Psychiatry 1991;159:645–53, 658. 10.1192/bjp.159.5.645 [PubMed: 1756340] [CrossRef]
49.: Michael B First Robert L. Spitzer, Miriam Gibbon and JBWW. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Part I: Description. J Pers Disord 1995;9:83–91. 10.1521/pedi.1995.9.2.83 [CrossRef]
50.: Lobbestael J, Leurgans M, Arntz A. Inter-rater reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I) and Axis II Disorders (SCID II). Clin Psychol Psychother 2011;18:75–9. 10.1002/cpp.693 [PubMed: 20309842] [CrossRef]
51.: Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1986;1:307–10. 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90837-8 [PubMed: 2868172] [CrossRef]
52.: Chalder M, Wiles NJ, Campbell J, Hollinghurst SP, Haase AM, Taylor AH, et al. Facilitated physical activity as a treatment for depressed adults: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2012;344:e2758. 10.1136/bmj.e2758 [PMC free article: PMC3368484] [PubMed: 22674921] [CrossRef]
53.: Kuyken W, Hayes R, Barrett B, Byng R, Dalgleish T, Kessler D, et al. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy compared with maintenance antidepressant treatment in the prevention of depressive relapse or recurrence (PREVENT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;386:63–73. 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62222-4 [PubMed: 25907157] [CrossRef]
54.: Ramsberg J, Asseburg C, Henriksson M. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of antidepressants in primary care: a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness model. PLOS ONE 2012;7:e42003. 10.1371/journal.pone.0042003 [PMC free article: PMC3410906] [PubMed: 22876296] [CrossRef]
55.: Annemans L, Brignone M, Druais S, De Pauw A, Gauthier A, Demyttenaere K. Cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmaceutical treatment options in the first-line management of major depressive disorder in Belgium. PharmacoEconomics 2014;32:479–93. 10.1007/s40273-014-0138-x [PMC free article: PMC4013445] [PubMed: 24554474] [CrossRef]
56.: Beecham J, Knapp M. Costing psychiatric interventions. Meas Mential Heal Needs 2001;2:200–24.
57.: Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D, et al. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res 2011;20:1727–36. 10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x [PMC free article: PMC3220807] [PubMed: 21479777] [CrossRef]
58.: Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary (online). London: BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. URL: www.medicinescomplete.com (accessed 10 April 2019).
59.: Curtis L, Burns A. Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2019. Canterbury: PSSRU, University of Kent; 2019.
60.: Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC). NHS Reference Costs 2018/19. London: DHSC; 2019.
61.: Curtis L, Burns A. Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2015. Canterbury: PSSRU, University of Kent; 2015.
62.: Isaacs AJ, Critchley JA, Tai SS, Buckingham K, Westley D, Harridge SD, et al. Exercise Evaluation Randomised Trial (EXERT): a randomised trial comparing GP referral for leisure centre-based exercise, community-based walking and advice only. Health Technol Assess 2007;11(10). 10.3310/hta11100 [PubMed: 17313906] [CrossRef]
63.: Pope I, Burn H, Ismail SA, Harris T, McCoy D. A qualitative study exploring the factors influencing admission to hospital from the emergency department. BMJ Open 2017;7:e011543. 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011543 [PMC free article: PMC5577896] [PubMed: 28851767] [CrossRef]
64.: Devlin NJ, Krabbe PF. The development of new research methods for the valuation of EQ-5D-5L. Eur J Health Econ 2013;14(Suppl. 1):1–3. 10.1007/s10198-013-0502-3 [PMC free article: PMC3728454] [PubMed: 23900659] [CrossRef]
65.: van Hout B, Janssen MF, Feng YS, Kohlmann T, Busschbach J, Golicki D, et al. Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets. Value Health 2012;15:708–15. 10.1016/j.jval.2012.02.008 [PubMed: 22867780] [CrossRef]
66.: Brazier JE, Roberts J. The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-12. Med Care 2004;42:851–9. 10.1097/01.mlr.0000135827.18610.0d [PubMed: 15319610] [CrossRef]
67.: Devlin NJ, Shah KK, Feng Y, Mulhern B, van Hout B. Valuing health-related quality of life: an EQ-5D-5L value set for England. Health Econ 2018;27:7–22. 10.1002/hec.3564 [PMC free article: PMC6680214] [PubMed: 28833869] [CrossRef]
68.: Hunter RM, Baio G, Butt T, Morris S, Round J, Freemantle N. An educational review of the statistical issues in analysing utility data for cost-utility analysis. PharmacoEconomics 2015;33:355–66. 10.1007/s40273-014-0247-6 [PubMed: 25595871] [CrossRef]
69.: Zellner A. An efficient method of estimating seemingly unrelated regressions and tests for aggregation bias. J Am Stat Assoc 1962;57:348–68. 10.1080/01621459.1962.10480664 [CrossRef]
70.: Rubin D. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1987. 10.1002/9780470316696 [CrossRef]
71.: Leurent B, Gomes M, Faria R, Morris S, Grieve R, Carpenter JR. Sensitivity analysis for not-at-random missing data in trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis: a tutorial. PharmacoEconomics 2018;36:889–901. 10.1007/s40273-018-0650-5 [PMC free article: PMC6021473] [PubMed: 29679317] [CrossRef]
72.: Duffy L, Bacon F, Clarke CS, Donkor Y, Freemantle N, Gilbody S, et al. A randomised controlled trial assessing the use of citalopram, sertraline, fluoxetine and mirtazapine in preventing relapse in primary care patients who are taking long-term maintenance antidepressants (ANTLER: ANTidepressants to prevent reLapse in dEpRession): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2019;20:1–13. 10.1186/s13063-019-3390-8 [PMC free article: PMC6547591] [PubMed: 31159856] [CrossRef]
73.: Dolan P. Modeling valuations for EuroQol health states. Med Care 1997;35:1095–108. 10.1097/00005650-199711000-00002 [PubMed: 9366889] [CrossRef]
74.: Franklin M, Enrique A, Palacios J, Richards D. Psychometric assessment of EQ-5D-5L and ReQoL measures in patients with anxiety and depression: construct validity and responsiveness. Qual Life Res 2021;30:2633–47. 10.1007/s11136-021-02833-1 [PMC free article: PMC8034045] [PubMed: 33835414] [CrossRef]
75.: Clarke CS, Duffy L, Lewis G, Freemantle N, Gilbody S, Kendrick T, et al. Cost-Utility Analysis of Discontinuing Antidepressants in England Primary Care Patients Compared with Long-Term Maintenance: The ANTLER Study [published online ahead of print November 8 2021]. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2021. 10.1007/s40258-021-00693-x [PMC free article: PMC8847280] [PubMed: 34748164] [CrossRef]
76.: Lewis G, Duffy L, Ades A, Amos R, Araya R, Brabyn S, et al. The clinical effectiveness of sertraline in primary care and the role of depression severity and duration (PANDA): a pragmatic, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Lancet Psychiatry 2019;6:903–14. 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30366-9 [PMC free article: PMC7029306] [PubMed: 31543474] [CrossRef]
77.: Button KS, Kounali D, Thomas L, Wiles NJ, Peters TJ, Welton NJ, et al. Minimal clinically important difference on the Beck Depression Inventory – II according to the patient’s perspective. Psychol Med 2015;45:3269–79. 10.1017/S0033291715001270 [PMC free article: PMC4611356] [PubMed: 26165748] [CrossRef]
78.: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal 2013. London: NICE; 2013. [PubMed: 27905712]
79.: Hotopf M. The pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2002;8:326–33. 10.1192/apt.8.5.326 [CrossRef]
80.: Gusmão R, Quintão S, McDaid D, Arensman E, Van Audenhove C, Coffey C, et al. Antidepressant utilization and suicide in Europe: an ecological multi-national study. PLOS ONE 2013;8:e66455. 10.1371/journal.pone.0066455 [PMC free article: PMC3686718] [PubMed: 23840475] [CrossRef]

Copyright © 2021 Duffy et al. This work was produced by Duffy et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. This is an Open Access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaption in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. For attribution the title, original author(s), the publication source – NIHR Journals Library, and the DOI of the publication must be cited.

Bookshelf ID: NBK575487

Contents

< Prev Next >

PubReader
Print View
Cite this Page
Duffy L, Clarke CS, Lewis G, et al. Antidepressant medication to prevent depression relapse in primary care: the ANTLER RCT. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2021 Nov. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 25.69.) References.
PDF version of this title (1.6M)