Contents

• The Ernst Strüngmann Forum
• List of Contributors
• 1. Introduction
  Jerome O. Nriagu and Eric P. Skaar.
  • General Perspectives from the Forum’s Discussions
• Host–Microbe Interactions: The Microbe Perspective
  • 2. Is Metal Uptake Related to Ecological Niche in the Vertebrate Host?
    Joseph Lemire, Trevor F. Moraes, Vahid Fa Andisi, and Anthony B. Schryvers.
    • Introduction
    • Metal Ion Homeostasis in Vertebrates
    • Mechanisms and Pathways for Metal Ion Acquisition in Microbes
    • Metal Ion Acquisition on Mucosal Surfaces
    • Conclusions
  • 3. Competition for Metals among Microbes and Their Host
    Michael A. Bachman and Jeffrey N. Weiser.
    • Introduction
    • Cooperation and Competition among Bacteria for Metals
    • Bacterial Infection Induces Metal Ion-Sequestering Components of Innate Immunity
    • The Battle between Microbes and Host over Metals Affects Inflammatory Responses
    • Metal Ion Acquisition As a Determining Factor in the Pathologic Features of Infection
    • Detrimental Effects of Metals on Microbial Interactions
    • Conclusion and Future Research Directions
  • 4. The Fate of Intracellular Metal Ions in Microbes
    Slade A. Loutet, Anson C. K. Chan, Marek J. Kobylarz, Meghan M. Verstraete, Stephanie Pfaffen, Bin Ye, Angel L. Arrieta, and Michael E. P. Murphy.
    • Introduction
    • Forms and Concentration
    • Functions
    • Metallochaperones
    • Detoxification and Cytoplasmic Metal Export
    • Storage
    • Concluding Remarks
    • Acknowledgments
  • 5. Common Mechanisms of Bacterial Metal Homeostasis
    James A. Imlay.
    • Introduction
    • Summary
    • Acknowledgments
  • 6. Intervention Strategies for Metal Deficiency and Overload
    Fudi Wang and Lihong Zhang.
    • Introduction
    • Recommended Dietary Allowance
    • Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
    • Bioavailability
    • Implications and Future Areas for Attention
  • 7. Trace Metals in Host–Microbe Interactions: The Microbe Perspective
    Jennifer S. Cavet, Robert D. Perry, Sascha Brunke, K. Heran Darwin, Carol A. Fierke, James A. Imlay, Michael E. P. Murphy, Anthony B. Schryvers, Dennis J. Thiele, and Jeffrey N. Weiser.
    • Introduction
    • Metal Availability
    • Different Levels and Sources of Metals in Different Microbial Niches within the Host
    • Effect of the Metal Status of a Pathogen, as Derived from its Prior Environment, on its Ability to Establish an Infection or the Severity of Disease
    • The Interplay between Metals and the Microbiota
    • How Metal Restriction and Oversupply Can Kill or Inhibit the Growth of Microbes
    • Acknowledgments
• Host–Microbe Interactions: The Host Perspective
  • 8. Metal Homeostasis during Development, Maturation, and Aging: Impact on Infectious Diseases
    Inga Wessels.
    • Introduction
    • Essential Metallic Elements
    • Metallic Elements with Suggested Essentiality
    • Metallic Elements and Infectious Diseases
    • Nonessential Metallic Pollutants
    • Conclusion
  • 9. Impact of Metals on Immune Response and Tolerance, and Modulation of Metal Metabolism during Infection
    Günter Weiss.
    • Introduction
    • Role of Iron for Immune Cell Plasticity
    • Alterations of Iron Metabolism in Inflammation
    • Impact of Iron on Antimicrobial Immune Effector Function
    • Alterations of Copper, Zinc, and Manganese Homeostasis during Infection
    • Conclusion
  • 10. Metal-Based Antiparasitic Therapeutics
    Maribel Navarro and Gonzalo Visbal.
    • Introduction
    • Metal-Based Therapeutics for Trypanosomatidae
    • Metal-Based Therapeutics for Malaria
    • Conclusions and Outlook
  • 11. Impact of Lifestyle on Metal Exposure, Homeostasis, and Associated Diseases
    George V. Dedoussis.
    • Introduction
    • Arsenic
    • Cadmium
    • Cobalt
    • Copper
    • Iron
    • Manganese
    • Molybdenum
    • Nickel
    • Selenium
    • Vanadium
    • Zinc
  • 12. Obesity, Trace Metals, and Infection
    Jerome O. Nriagu.
    • Introduction
    • Obesity and Infections
    • Obesity and Trace Metals
    • Obesity, Trace Metal Homeostasis, and Infection
    • Conclusions
  • 13. Metals in Host–Microbe Interaction: The Host Perspective
    Dieter Rehder, Robert E. Black, Julia Bornhorst, Rodney R. Dietert, Victor J. DiRita, Maribel Navarro, Robert D. Perry, Lothar Rink, Eric P. Skaar, Miguel C. P. Soares, Dennis J. Thiele, Fudi Wang, Günter Weiss, and Inga Wessels.
    • Introduction
    • Essential Metals and Metalloids: An Overview
    • The Role of Manganese, Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Selenium
    • Recommended Dietary Allowances and Related Intake Levels
    • Metal-Based Drugs in the Treatment of Tropical Parasitic Diseases
• Metals in the Environment as Risk Factors for Infectious Diseases
  • 14. Selenium and Mercury: Their Interactions and Roles in Living Organisms
    Tamara García-Barrera.
    • Introduction
    • The Essentiality of Trace Elements
    • Interaction of Mercury and Selenium Species through Biological Mechanisms
    • Other Interactions
    • Analytical Strategies to Study Interactions between Elements
    • Acknowledgments
  • 15. New Technologies Using Trace Metals of Concern
    Jozef M. Pacyna, Kyrre Sundseth, and Elisabeth G. Pacyna.
    • Introduction
    • Human Health Impacts
    • Major Applications
    • Environmental Impacts of Production and Application
    • Political and Economic Implications
    • Final Comments
  • 16. The Promise of Nanometals: Reducing Infection and Increasing Biocompatibility
    Mian Wang, Wenwen Liu, and Thomas J. Webster.
    • Toxicity of Metals
    • Use of Metals for Fighting Infection and Inflammation
    • Use of Nanometals for Cancer Treatment
    • Conclusions
  • 17. Metals in the Environment as Risk Factors for Infectious Diseases: Gaps and Opportunities
    M. Leigh Ackland, Julia Bornhorst, George V. Dedoussis, Rodney R. Dietert, Jerome O. Nriagu, Jozef M. Pacyna, and John M. Pettifor.
    • Introduction
    • Burden of Disease Attributable to Metals and Infections
    • Metal Sufficiency, Deficiency, and Toxicity within the Context of Infections
    • Metal Pathways and Metals in the Microbiome
    • Impacts of Metals in the Environment on Infectious Diseases
    • New Approaches to Epidemiological Studies
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgment
• Methods and Technologies for Analyzing Trace Metals in Biological Systems
  • 18. Emerging Strategies in Metalloproteomics
    Peter-Leon Hagedoorn.
    • Introduction
    • Experimental Metalloproteomics
    • Computer-Based Metalloproteomics
    • Concluding Remarks
  • 19. Measuring Metals in Complex Biological Systems
    Andreas Matusch, Ana-Maria Oros-Peusquens, and J. Sabine Becker.
    • Overview of Methods for Element Imaging in Biological Tissue
    • Differential Washout of Soluble Analytes during Fixation
    • Other Artifacts and Pitfalls in Element Imaging
    • Preview of an Upcoming Element Atlas of the Rat Brain
    • Potential Application to Infections of the Central Nervous System
    • Acknowledgments
  • 20. Methods and Technologies for Studying Metals in Biological Systems
    Wolfgang Maret, Joseph A. Caruso, Christopher H. Contag, David P. Giedroc, Peter-Leon Hagedoorn, Andreas Matusch, Eric P. Skaar, and Richard B. Thompson.
    • Introduction
    • Lysates and Fluids
    • Cells and Tissues
    • Living Cells and Animals
    • Database Development and Relevant Modeling Tools for Predictions about Metals in Biological Systems
    • Future Directions and Challenges
    • Summary
• List of Acronyms
• Bibliography