The ASMD of each covariate included in the propensity score matching for renal and safety outcomes before and after matching. 1, Age; 2a, Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 0; 2b, Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 1; 2c ,Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 2; 2d, Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 3; 2e, Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 4; 2f, Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 5; 2g, Charlson Comorbidity Index score of ≥ 6; 3, eGFR; 4a, two prescriptions in the previous year; 4b, three prescriptions in the previous year; 4c, four or more prescriptions in the previous year; 5, BMI; 6a, two hospital visits; 7, history of hip fracture; 8, history of non-osteoporotic fracture; 9, history of non-hip osteoporotic fracture; 10, diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis; 11, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus; 12, complicated diabetes mellitus; 13, dementia; 14, cerebrovascular disease; 15, peripheral vascular disease; 16, hypertension; 17, mild liver disease; 18, renal disease; 19, chronic heart failure; 20, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 21, cancer; 22, treatment with oral contraceptives; 23, anti-osteoporotics; 24, defined daily dose of systemic steroids; 25, treatment with anticoagulants; 26, proton-pump inhibitors; 27, anti-anxiety medication; 28, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; 29, statins; 30, ACE inhibitors; 31, antiepileptics; 32, diuretics; 33, beta blockers; 34, antidiabetics 35, antihypertensives.

Average hip BMD change per month for bisphosphonate (a) non-users and (b) users. Patients can contribute to multiple time points.

Average spine BMD change per month for bisphosphonate (a) non-users and (b) users. Patients can contribute to multiple time points.