Lead investigators

Paul R Mouncey, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK

Alvin Richards-Belle, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK

Karen Thomas, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK

David A Harrison, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK

M Zia Sadique, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK

Richard D Grieve, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK

Julie Camsooksai, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK

Robert Darnell, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK

Anthony C Gordon, Imperial College London, London, UK, and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK

Doreen Henry (patient representative), UK

Nicholas Hudson, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK

Alexina J Mason, Imperial College London, London, UK

Michelle Saull, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK

Chris Whitman (patient representative), UK

J Duncan Young, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

François Lamontagne, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

Kathryn M Rowan, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK

Site investigators

Petra Polgarova, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK

Peter Featherstone, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK

Sofia Teixeira, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK

Colette Jones-Criddle, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Ben Morton, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Ian Turner-Bone, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Laura Wilding, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Gail Quigley, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Derry, UK

Noel Hemmings, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Derry, UK

Adrian Donnelly, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Derry, UK

Aidan Campbell, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Derry, UK

Sinéad O’Kane, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Derry, UK

Emma McKay, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, UK

Paul Johnston, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, UK

Orla O’Neill, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, UK

Emma Totten, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, UK

Nadine Weeks, Arrowe Park Hospital, Upton, UK

Paul Jeanrenaud, Arrowe Park Hospital, Upton, UK

Cathy Jones, Arrowe Park Hospital, Upton, UK

Reni Jacob, Arrowe Park Hospital, Upton, UK

Ron Mathew Jacob, Arrowe Park Hospital, Upton, UK

Maria Alpuerto, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK

Antony Ashton, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK

Denise Griffin, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK

McDonald Mupudzi, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK

Jason Cuppitt, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK

Emma Stoddard, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK

Gemma Brown, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK

Jazmine McCooey, Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK

Lisa Grimmer, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK

Jeremy Bewley, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK

Katie Sweet, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK

Chloe Searles, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK

Rebecca Keskeys, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK

Jayachandran Radhakrishnan, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK

Fiona McNeela, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK

Sue Smolen, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK

Laura Curran, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK

David Antcliffe, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK

Roceld Rojo, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK

Kim Zantua, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK

Helen Robertson, Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, UK

Lyndsay Cheater, Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, UK

Maria Faulkner, Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, UK

Laura Parry, Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, UK

Phillipa Wakefield, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, UK

Zakaulla Belagodu, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, UK

Danielle Vosper, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, UK

Carmel Stuart, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, UK

Binu Ravindran, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, UK

Amanda Cowton, Darlington Memorial Hospital, Darlington, UK

James Limb, Darlington Memorial Hospital, Darlington, UK

Julie O’Brien, Darlington Memorial Hospital, Darlington, UK

Rosalyn Squires, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK

Sam Waddy, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK

Esme Elloway, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK

Helen McMillan, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK

Sarah Williams, Dorset County Hospital, Dorchester, UK

Andrew Ball, Dorset County Hospital, Dorchester, UK

Patricia Williams, Dorset County Hospital, Dorchester, UK

Sharon Hiscox, Dorset County Hospital, Dorchester, UK

Sarah Horton, Dorset County Hospital, Dorchester, UK

Ulla Chappell, Glangwili General Hospital, Carmarthen, UK

Igor Otahal, Glangwili General Hospital, Carmarthen, UK

Peter Havalda, Glangwili General Hospital, Carmarthen, UK

Samantha Coetzee, Glangwili General Hospital, Carmarthen, UK

Kelly Matthews, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK

Andrew Foo, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK

Izzy King, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK

Kirsty Manns, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK

Sonia Sousa Arias, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

Stephen Brett, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

Leilani Cabreros, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

Rhoda Rosal, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK

Stephanie Bell, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, UK

Kate Turner, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, UK

Vanessa Rivers, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, UK

Susan Brixey, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, UK

Lindsay Garcia, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK

Judith Wright, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK

Keith Hugill, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK

Susan Mortimer, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK

Nicola Cree, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK

Fiona Bartley, King’s College Hospital, London, UK

Philip Hopkins, King’s College Hospital, London, UK

Su Jeffreys, King’s College Hospital, London, UK

Harriet Noble, King’s College Hospital, London, UK

Clare Finney, King’s College Hospital, London, UK

Louise Houslip, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK

Neil Flint, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK

Dawn Hales, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK

Prematie Andreou, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK

Iain McLaren, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK

Carina Cruz, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK

Sunil Jamadarkhana, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK

Naomi Brice, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK

Katie Goodyer, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK

Richard Clark, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK

Jonathan Bannard-Smith, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK

Emma Connaughton, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK

Abigail Williams, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK

Amanda Cameron, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK

Rahuldeb Sarkar, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK

Vongayi Ogbeide, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK

Mary Everett, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK

Ceri Battle, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK

Milercy Oliveros, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK

Tracy Owen, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK

Sharon Storton, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK

Patricia Doble, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK

Richard Innes, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK

Joanne Hutter, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK

Stephen Harris, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK

Georgina Randell, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK

Steve Hutchinson, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK

Deirdre Fottrell-Gould, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK

Lisa Hudig, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK

Tracey Shanley, North Devon District Hospital, Barnstaple, UK

Guy Rousseau, North Devon District Hospital, Barnstaple, UK

Max Coupe King, North Devon District Hospital, Barnstaple, UK

Nicolas Stafford, North Devon District Hospital, Barnstaple, UK

Joy Grewcock, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK

Jonathan Wilkinson, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK

Kathryn Hall, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK

Lorraine Campey, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK

Joanne Pons, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK

Gary Mills, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK

Sarah Bird, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK

Joshua Cooper, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK

Alan Pope, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, UK

Matthew Davies, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, UK

Coralie Carle, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, UK

Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, UK

Loran Davies, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, UK

Alastair Rose, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, UK

Sarah Buckley, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, UK

Lucy Brooks, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, UK

Sarah Smith, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, UK

Julie Camsooksai, Poole Hospital, Poole, UK

Henrik Reschreiter, Poole Hospital, Poole, UK

Sarah Patch, Poole Hospital, Poole, UK

Sarah Jenkins, Poole Hospital, Poole, UK

Olivia Rowe, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough, UK

Tom Williams, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough, UK

Emma Clarey, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough, UK

Jane Wilson, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough, UK

Jenny Ritzema, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK

Vanessa Linnett, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK

Amanda Sanderson, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK

Steve Rose, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK

David Pogson, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK

Zoe Daly, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK

Aimi Collins, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK

Amy Collins, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, UK

Ashraf Roshdy, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, UK

Ahmed Zaki, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, UK

Estefania Treus, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, UK

Yvonna Marasigan, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, UK

Lucy Ryan, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

Daniel Harvey, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

Megan Meredith, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

Louise Hughes, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

Nicola Jacques, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK

Andrew Walden, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK

Parminder Bhuie, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK

Aoife Dowling, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK

Sarah Bean, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK

Jonathan Paddle, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK

Karen Burt, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK

Caroline Aherne, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn, UK

Justin Roberts, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn, UK

Rebecca Crosby, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn, UK

Carole Boulanger, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK

Charly Gibson, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK

Sinead Kelly, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK

Ceri Lynch, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, UK

Bethan Gibson, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, UK

Lisa Roche, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, UK

Keri Turner, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, UK

Kelly Thomas, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Ynysmaerdy, UK

Gemma Hodkinson, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK

Tamas Szakmany, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK

Una Gunter, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK

Samantha Hendry, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Ingeborg Welters, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Karen Williams, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Victoria Waugh, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Ian Angus, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, UK

Redmond Tully, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, UK

Karen Hallett, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, UK

Susan Dermody, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, UK

Mark Verlander, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK

Shondipon Laha, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK

Alexandra Williams, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK

Donna Doyle, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK

David Cartlidge, Royal Stoke Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Moses Chikungwa, Royal Stoke Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Minnie Gellamucho, Royal Stoke Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Ruth Salt, Royal Stoke Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

Patricia Piercy, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Ian Clement, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Leigh Dunn, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Carmen Bradshaw, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Abigail Harrison, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Davinder Kaur, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK

Mike Reay, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK

Vikram Anumakonda, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK

Rachel Collins, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK

Angela Watts, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK

Julie Matthews, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK

Alexandra Larkin, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK

Paul Ferris, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK

Kathryn Cawley, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK

Joy Dearden, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK

Beverley Faulkner, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK

Matt Thomas, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK

Kati Hayes, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK

Ruth Worner, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK

Dorota Banach, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK

Anthony Gordon, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK

John Adams, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK

Maie Templeton, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK

Aneta Bociek, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

Marlies Ostermann, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

Simon Sparkes, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

Ruth Wan, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

Andrea Kelly, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

Joanne Holman, Torbay Hospital, Torquay, UK

Thomas Clark, Torbay Hospital, Torquay, UK

Alison Cornwell, Torbay Hospital, Torquay, UK

Ilona Cassar, Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Royal Tunbridge Wells, UK

David Golden, Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Royal Tunbridge Wells, UK

Joanne Jones, Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Royal Tunbridge Wells, UK

Miriam Davey, Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Royal Tunbridge Wells, UK

Thomas Billyard, University Hospital Coventry, Coventry, UK

Geraldine Ward, University Hospital Coventry, Coventry, UK

Laura Wild, University Hospital Coventry, Coventry, UK

Pamela Bremmer, University Hospital Coventry, Coventry, UK

Christopher Bassford, University Hospital Coventry, Coventry, UK

Rosaleeta Reece-Anthony, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK

Waqas Khaliq, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK

Jayson Clarke, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK

Babita Gurung, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK

Michele Clark, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton-on-Tees, UK

Farooq Brohi, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton-on-Tees, UK

Tracey Oldfield, University Hospital of North Tees, Stockton-on-Tees, UK

Sophie Mason, Warwick Hospital, Warwick, UK

Ben Attwood, Warwick Hospital, Warwick, UK

Camilla Stagg, Warwick Hospital, Warwick, UK

Penny Parsons, Warwick Hospital, Warwick, UK

Carl Boswell, William Harvey Hospital, Willesborough, UK

Neil Anthony Richardson, William Harvey Hospital, Willesborough, UK

Tracy Hazelton, William Harvey Hospital, Willesborough, UK

Natasha Schumacher, William Harvey Hospital, Willesborough, UK

Nicholas Dalmon, William Harvey Hospital, Willesborough, UK

Jenny Lord, Worthing Hospital, Worthing, UK

David Helm, Worthing Hospital, Worthing, UK

Charalice Ramiro, Worthing Hospital, Worthing, UK

Jordi Margalef, Worthing Hospital, Worthing, UK

Liliana Silva, Yeovil District Hospital, Yeovil, UK

Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Yeovil District Hospital, Yeovil, UK

Alison Lewis, Yeovil District Hospital, Yeovil, UK

Johnyta Panakal, Yeovil District Hospital, Yeovil, UK

Danielle Wilcox, York Hospital, York, UK

Jonathan Redman, York Hospital, York, UK

Joseph Carter, York Hospital, York, UK

Kate Howard, York Hospital, York, UK