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Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al. Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2020 Apr. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.)

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Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].

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Figure 36 is a forest plot. Mean differences were reported or calculated for two short-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.60 (95% confidence interval −1.48 to −0.08) and an overall I-squared value of 0%.

Figure 36Psychological therapies versus usual care or no treatment for osteoarthritis knee pain: effects on pain

CI = confidence interval; IBCBT = internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy; IPI = interviewing-based lifestyle physical activity intervention; N = number; NT = no treatment; SD = standard deviation; UC = usual care; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.

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