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Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al. Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2020 Apr. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.)

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Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].

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Figure 17 is a forest plot. Mean differences were reported or calculated for seven short-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.87 (95% confidence interval −1.49 to −0.24) and an overall I-squared value of 64.1%. Mean differences were reported or calculated for two intermediate-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −1.16 (95% confidence interval −2.16 to −0.27) and an overall I-squared value of 0%.

Figure 17Yoga versus attention control or waitlist for chronic low back pain: effects on pain

AC = attention control; CI = confidence interval; MI = minimal intervention; N=number; NY = no yoga; RDQ = Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; SD = standard deviation; UC = usual care; WL = waitlist

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