Participant demographic and delivery characteristics by site

Joanne L Clarke; Jenny Ingram; Debbie Johnson; Gill Thomson; Heather Trickey; Stephan U Dombrowski; Alice Sitch; Fiona Dykes; Max G Feltham; Christine MacArthur; Tracy Roberts; Pat Hoddinott; Kate Jolly

Characteristic

Site A

Site B

Overall

Intervention (N = 25)

Usual care (N = 28)

All (N = 53)

Intervention (N = 25)

Usual care (N = 25)

All (N = 50)

Intervention (N = 50)

Usual care (N = 53)

All (N = 103)

Age at baseline (years), mean (SD)

27.9 (5.2)

27.7 (5.9)

27.8 (5.5)

29.2 (20.5)

29.3 (5.6)

29.3 (5.4)

28.6 (5.2)

28.5 (5.8)

28.5 (5.5)

Age range (years), minimum–maximum

17.7–37.7

17.9–39.0

17.7–39.0

20.5–43.0

17.9–42.9

17.9–43.0

17.7–43.0

17.9–42.9

17.7–43.0

Missing, n (%)

0 (0)

1 (3.6)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.0)

Ethnicity, n (%)

N = 54

White British

21 (84.0)

22 (81.5)

43 (82.7)

22 (88.0)

23 (92.0)

45 (90.0)

43 (86.0)

45 (86.5)

88 (86.3)

White other

1 (4.0)

3 (11.1)

4 (7.7)

2 (8.0)

1 (4.0)

3 (6.0)

4 (7.7)

7 (6.9)

Asian

0 (0)

1 (4.0)

1 (2.0)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.0)

Black African

0 (0)

1 (3.7)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.0)

Black Caribbean

1 (4.0)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (2.0)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.0)

Mixed

1 (4.0)

1 (3.7)

2 (3.9)

1 (4.0)

0 (0)

1 (2.0)

2 (4.0)

1 (1.9)

3 (2.9)

Other

1 (4.0)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (2.0)

0 (0)

1 (1.0)

Missing

0 (0)

1 (3.6)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.0)

Employment status, n (%)

N = 24

N = 52

N = 49

N = 102

In paid work

18 (72.0)

25 (92.6)

43 (82.7)

22 (88.0)

25 (100)

47 (94.0)

40 (80.0)

50 (96.2)

90 (88.2)

Unemployed

6 (24.0)

1 (3.7)

7 (13.5)

2 (8.0)

0 (0)

2 (4.0)

8 (16.0)

1 (1.9)

9 (8.8)

Looking after family/home

0 (0)

Unable to work (long-term health problem)

0 (0)

Full-time education or training

0 (0)

1 (3.7)

1 (1.9)

1 (4.0)

0 (0)

1 (2.0)

2 (2.0)

Missing

0 (0)

1 (3.6)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.0)

Highest level of qualification, n (%)

N = 30

No formal qualification

1 (4.0)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (2.0)

0 (0)

1 (1.0)

GCSE or equivalent

6 (24.0)

5 (18.5)

11 (21.2)

6 (24.0)

5 (20.0)

11 (22.0)

12 (24.0)

10 (19.2)

22 (21.6)

A/AS level or equivalent

8 (32.0)

6 (22.2)

14 (26.9)

12 (48.0)

7 (28.0)

19 (38.0)

20 (40.0)

13 (25.0)

33 (32.4)

Degree level or higher

10 (40.0)

16 (59.3)

26 (50.0)

7 (28.0)

13 (52.0)

20 (40.0)

17 (34.0)

29 (55.8)

46 (45.1)

Missing

0 (0)

1 (3.6)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.0)

Relationship status, n (%)

Married/registered civil partnership

9 (36.0)

12 (46.2)

21 (41.2)

13 (52.0)

14 (56.0)

27 (54.0)

22 (44.0)

26 (51.0)

48 (47.5)

Living together

9 (36.0)

11 (42.3)

20 (39.2)

9 (36.0)

18 (36.0)

20 (39.2)

38 (37.6)

Single

7 (28.0)

3 (11.5)

10 (19.6)

3 (12.0)

2 (8.0)

5 (10.0)

10 (20.0)

5 (9.8)

15 (14.9)

Widowed, divorced or separated

0 (0)

Missing

0 (0)

2 (7.1)

2 (3.8)

0 (0)

2 (3.8)

2 (1.9)

Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile, n (%)

N = 27

N = 52

N = 102

1 (most deprived)

13 (52.0)

11 (40.7)

24 (46.2)

1 (4.0)

0 (0)

1 (2.0)

14 (28.0)

11 (21.2)

25 (24.5)

3 (12.0)

6 (22.2)

9 (17.3)

2 (8.0)

4 (8.0)

5 (10.0)

8 (15.4)

13 (12.8)

1 (4.0)

7 (25.9)

8 (15.4)

8 (32.0)

3 (12.0)

11 (22.0)

9 (18.0)

10 (19.2)

19 (18.6)

7 (28.0)

3 (11.1)

10 (19.2)

6 (24.0)

11 (44.0)

17 (34.0)

13 (26.0)

14 (26.9)

27 (26.5)

5 (least deprived)

1 (4.0)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

8 (32.0)

9 (36.0)

17 (34.0)

9 (18.0)

9 (17.3)

18 (17.7)

Maternal well-being (WEMWBS), mean (SD)

54.1 (9.8)

55.0 (9.2)

54.6 (9.4)

53.4 (6.2)

53.7 (8.4)

53.6 (7.3)

53.7 (8.1)

54.4 (8.7)

54.1 (8.4)

Missing, n (%)

0 (0)

1 (3.6)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.0)

Intention to feed, n (%)

Breastmilk only

10 (40.0)

9 (33.3)

19 (36.5)

7 (28.0)

9 (37.5)

16 (32.7)

17 (34.0)

18 (35.3)

35 (34.7)

Mainly breastmilk

7 (28.0)

7 (25.9)

14 (26.9)

10 (40.0)

6 (25.0)

16 (32.7)

17 (34.0)

13 (25.5)

30 (29.7)

Half and half

4 (16.0)

6 (22.2)

10 (19.2)

6 (24.0)

6 (25.0)

12 (24.5)

10 (20.0)

12 (23.5)

22 (21.8)

Mainly formula

2 (8.0)

2 (7.4)

4 (7.7)

1 (4.0)

0 (0)

1 (2.0)

3 (6.0)

2 (3.9)

5 (5.0)

Formula milk only

2 (8.0)

3 (11.1)

5 (9.6)

1 (4.0)

3 (12.5)

4 (8.2)

3 (6.0)

6 (11.8)

9 (8.9)

Missing

0 (0)

1 (3.6)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (4.0)

1 (2.0)

0 (0)

2 (3.8)

2 (1.9)

How participant was fed as a baby, n (%)

Breastfed entirely

7 (28.0)

8 (29.6)

15 (28.9)

9 (36.0)

12 (48.0)

21 (42.0)

16 (32.0)

20 (38.5)

36 (35.3)

Formula fed entirely

8 (32.0)

13 (48.2)

21 (40.4)

5 (20.0)

3 (12.0)

8 (16.0)

13 (26.0)

16 (30.8)

29 (28.4)

Mixed feeding

10 (40.0)

5 (18.5)

15 (28.9)

7 (28.0)

6 (24.0)

13 (26.0)

17 (34.0)

11 (21.2)

28 (27.5)

Don’t know

1 (3.7)

1 (1.9)

4 (16.0)

8 (16.0)

4 (8.0)

5 (9.6)

9 (8.8)

Missing

0 (0)

1 (3.6)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.0)

Participant knows anyone who has breastfed their baby, n (%)

22 (88.0)

25 (92.6)

47 (90.4)

21 (84.0)

25 (100)

46 (92.0)

43 (86.0)

50 (96.2)

93 (91.2)

Missing

0 (0)

1 (3.6)

1 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.0)

Baby’s gestational age at birth (weeks), mean (SD)

39.0 (2.3)

40.1 (1.2)

39.6 (1.9)

39.7 (1.7)

39.3 (1.8)

39.5 (1.8)

39.4 (2.0)

39.7 (1.6)

39.5 (1.8)

Missing

1 (2.0)

1 (3.6)

2 (3.8)

0 (0)

1 (2.0)

1 (1.9)

2 (1.9)

Premature baby, n (%)

5 (20.8)

0 (0)

5 (9.8)

2 (8.0)

4 (8.0)

7 (14.3)

2 (3.9)

9 (8.9)

Missing

1 (2.0)

1 (3.6)

2 (3.8)

0 (0)

1 (2.0)

1 (1.9)

2 (1.9)

Mode of delivery, n (%)

Vaginal birth

5 (26.3)

10 (50.0)

15 (38.5)

10 (47.6)

12 (50.0)

22 (48.9)

15 (37.5)

22 (50.0)

37 (44.1)

C-section (planned)

1 (5.3)

1 (5.0)

2 (5.1)

2 (9.5)

2 (8.3)

4 (8.9)

3 (7.5)

3 (6.8)

6 (7.1)

C-section (emergency)

4 (21.1)

4 (20.0)

8 (20.5)

4 (19.1)

6 (25.0)

10 (22.2)

8 (20.0)

10 (22.7)

18 (21.4)

Forceps, ventouse, vacuum delivery

9 (47.4)

5 (25.0)

14 (35.9)

5 (23.8)

4 (16.7)

9 (20.0)

14 (35.0)

9 (20.5)

23 (27.4)

Missing

6 (24.0)

8 (28.6)

14 (26.4)

4 (16.0)

1 (4.0)

5 (10.0)

10 (20.0)

9 (17.0)

19 (18.4)

Duration of mother’s hospital stay, n (%)

< 24 hours

3 (15.8)

6 (30.0)

9 (23.1)

5 (23.8)

4 (16.7)

9 (20.0)

8 (20.0)

10 (22.7)

18 (21.4)

24–48 hours

11 (57.9)

6 (30.0)

17 (43.6)

7 (33.3)

6 (25.0)

13 (28.9)

18 (45.0)

12 (27.3)

30 (35.7)

> 48 hours

5 (26.3)

7 (35.0)

12 (30.8)

9 (42.9)

14 (58.3)

23 (51.1)

14 (35.0)

21 (47.7)

35 (41.7)

Home birth

1 (5.0)

1 (2.6)

0 (0)

1 (2.3)

1 (1.2)

Missing

6 (24.0)

8 (28.6)

14 (26.4)

4 (16.0)

1 (4.0)

5 (10.0)

10 (20.0)

9 (17.0)

19 (18.4)

Baby admitted to neonatal unit, n (%)

4 (21.1)

2 (10.0)

6 (15.4)

3 (14.3)

2 (8.3)

5 (11.1)

7 (17.5)

4 (9.1)

11 (13.1)

Missing

6 (24.0)

8 (28.6)

14 (26.4)

4 (16.0)

1 (4.0)

5 (10.0)

10 (20.0)

9 (17.0)

19 (18.4)

Copyright © Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2020. This work was produced by Clarke et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK.

Bookshelf ID: NBK556172

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An assets-based intervention before and after birth to improve breastfeeding initiation and continuation: the ABA feasibility RCT.

Appendix 11Participant demographic and delivery characteristics by site

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