NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Snyder D, Sullivan N, Margolis D, et al. Skin Substitutes for Treating Chronic Wounds [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2020 Feb 2.
Table 2Products commercially available in the United States that may be considered skin substitutes
| Product | Manufacturer | Manufacturer’s Product Descriptiona |
|---|---|---|
| Affinity® Human Amniotic Allograft | Organogenesis, Inc., Canton, MA, USA | Affinity is a fresh amniotic membrane aseptically processed and hypothermically preserved. |
| AlloPatch® | Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (dba MTF Biologics), Edison, NJ, USA | AlloPatch is an aseptically processed human reticular dermal tissue for use as a chronic or acute wound covering. |
| AlloPatch® Pliable | Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (dba MTF Biologics) | AlloPatch Pliable is human reticular dermal tissue. |
| AlloSkin™ AC Acellular Dermal Matrix | AlloSource, Centennial, CO, USA | AlloSkin AC is a meshed dermis-only human skin graft. |
| AlloSkin™ RT | AlloSource | AlloSkin RT is a meshed human dermal graft. |
| AlloWrap® | AlloSource | AlloWrap is a human placental membrane. |
| AltiPlast® | Aziyo Biologics, Silver Spring, MD, USA | AltiPlast is a cryopreserved placental matrix derived from human amniotic and chorionic membranes. |
| AltiPly® | Aziyo Biologics | Lyophilized placental membrane. |
| AmnioBand® Allograft Placental Matrix | MTF Biologics | AmnioBand is an aseptically processed human allograft placental matrix composed of amnion and chorion for use as an acute or chronic wound covering. |
| Amnioexcel® | Integra LifeSciences Corp. acquired Derma Sciences, Plainsboro, NJ, USA | Amnioexcel is dehydrated human amnion-derived tissue allograft with intact extracellular matrix. |
| AmnioFill® Human Placental Tissue Allograft | MiMedx Group, Inc., Marietta, GA, USA | AmnioFill is a nonviable cellular tissue matrix allograft derived from human placental tissue. |
| AmnioFix® Amnion/Chorion Membrane Allograft | MiMedx Group | AmnioFix is an allograft composed of dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane. |
| Amniomatrix® Human Amniotic Suspension Allograft | Integra LifeSciences acquired Derma Sciences | Amniomatrix is a cryopreserved suspension allograft derived from the amniotic membrane and components of the amniotic fluid. |
| Apligraf | Organogenesis, Inc., Canton, MA, USA | Apligraf is a living, bilayered skin substitute. The lower dermal layer combines bovine type 1 collagen and human fibroblasts (dermal cells). The upper epidermal layer is formed by human keratinocytes (epidermal cells). |
| Architect® stabilized collagen matrix | Harbor MedTech, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA | Architect is made from decellularized equine pericardial tissue. |
| Artacent® Wound | Tides Medical, Lafayette, LA, USA | Wound-specific, dual-layer amniotic tissue graft designed for enhanced efficacy and ease of use. Intended for chronic wounds. |
| Bio-ConneKt® Wound Matrix | MLM Biologics, Inc., Alachua, FL, USA | The bio-ConneKt Wound Matrix is composed of reconstituted type I collagen derived from equine tendon. |
| BioDFactor Viable Tissue Matrix | Integra LifeSciences, originally BioD, LLC | BioDFactor Viable Tissue Matrix is a flowable tissue allograft derived from morselized amniotic tissue and components of the amniotic fluid. |
| BioDFence® | Integra LifeSciences, originally BioD, LLC | BioDFence G3 and BioDDryFlex are membrane allografts derived from the human placental tissues. |
| Biovance® Amniotic Membrane Allograft | Alliqua Biomedical, Langhorne, PA, USA | Biovance is a decellularized, dehydrated human placental membrane with a preserved natural epithelial basement membrane and an intact extracellular matrix structure. |
| Cellesta™ Amniotic Membrane | Ventris Medical, Newport Beach, CA, USA | Cellesta Amniotic Membrane is a placental allograft product. The single-layered allografts are affixed to a poly mesh backing and can be sutured, glued, or laid over the desired tissue. |
| CollaWound collagen sponge | Collamatrix Co., Ltd., Miaoli County, Taiwan | CollaWound wound dressing is composed of cross-linked porous collagen matrix. |
| Coll-e-derm™ | Parametrics Medical, Leander, TX, USA | Coll-e-derm is a human derived dermal allograft. |
| Cygnus® Amnion Patch Allografts | Vivex Biomedical, Atlanta, GA, USA | Cygnus is derived from human placental membrane. |
| Cytal® wound matrix | Acell, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA | Cytal is composed of porcine urinary bladder matrix with an intact epithelial basement membrane. |
| DermACELL® Human Acellular Dermal Matrix. DermACELL AWM is intended for chronic wounds. | LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA, USA | DermACELL is a human acellular dermal matrix. |
| Dermagraft | Organogenesis | Dermagraft is a cryopreserved human fibroblast derived dermal substitute, composed of fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, and a bioabsorbable scaffold. |
| Dermapure® | Tissue Regenix Group, San Antonio, TX, USA | DermaPure is a decellurized human dermis product. |
| DermaSpan™ Acellular Dermal Matrix | Zimmer Biomet. (manufactured by Biomet Orthopedics, Warsaw, IN, USA) | DermaSpan Acellular Dermal Matrix is derived from allograft human skin. |
|
Dermavest® and Plurivest® Human Placental Connective Tissue Matrix | Aedicell, Inc., Honeoye Falls, NY, USA | Dermavest Human Placental Tissue Matrix is composed of human placental tissue. |
| Endoform™ dermal template | Hollister Wound Care, Libertyville, IL, USA | Endoform Dermal Template contains a naturally derived ovine collagen ECM that is terminally sterilized. |
| EpiCord® | MiMedx | EpiCord is a dehydrated, nonviable cellular umbilical cord allograft. |
| Epifix® | MiMedx | Epifix is a dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allograft. |
| Excellagen® |
Taxus Cardium Pharmaceuticals Group, San Diego, CA, USA | Excellagen is collagen gel composed of formulated, 2.6% (26 mg/mL) fibrillar bovine dermal collagen (type 1) that is topically applied directly to the wound surface. |
| EZ Derm® | Mölnlycke Health Care, Norcross, GA, USA | EZ Derm is a porcine xenograft for partial skin loss injuries or as temporary cover. |
| FlōGraft® Amniotic Fluid-Derived Allograft | Applied Biologics, Scottsdale, AZ, USA | FlōGraft is chorion-free allograft composed of amnion and amniotic fluid derived from prescreened, live, healthy donors. |
| FlowerAmnioPatch™ and FlowerAmnioFlo™ | Flower Orthopedics, Horsham, PA, USA | FlowerAmnioPatch is a dual-layer amniotic membrane allograft. FlowerAmnioFlo is a flowable amnion tissue allograft. |
| FlowerDerm™ | Flower Orthopedics | FlowerDerm is a meshed dermis-only decellularized human skin graft. |
| GammaGraft™ | Promethean LifeSciences, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA | GammaGraft is an irradiated human skin allograft. |
| Geistlich Derma-Gide™ | Geistlich Pharma North America Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA | Derma-Gide is a porcine, porous, resorbable, 3D matrix designed specifically for the management of wounds. |
| Genesis Amniotic Membrane | Genesis Biologics, Anaheim, CA, USA | Genesis Amniotic Membrane is derived from human placental membrane. |
| Grafix® | Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA | Grafix is a cryopreserved cellular placental membrane. |
| GrafixPL Prime | Osiris Therapeutics | GrafixPL Prime is a lyopreserved cellular placental amniotic membrane. |
| GraftJacket™ RTM | Wright Medical Group N.V., Memphis, TN, USA | GraftJacket Matrix is a human dermal collagen matrix |
| Helicoll™ | EnColl Corp., Fremont, CA, USA | Helicoll is an acellular collagen matrix derived from bovine sources. |
| hMatrix® ADM | Bacterin International, Inc., Belgrade, MT, USA | hMatrix ADM is an allograft derived from donated human skin. |
| Hyalomatrix® tissue reconstruction matrix | Anika Therapeutics, Bedford, MA, USA | Hyalomatrix is a nonwoven pad composed of a wound contact layer made of a derivative of hyaluronic acid in fibrous form with an outer layer composed of a semipermeable silicone membrane. |
| Integra® Bilayer Matrix Wound Dressing | Integra LifeSciences | Integra Bilayer Wound Matrix is composed of a porous matrix of cross-linked bovine tendon collagen and glycosaminoglycan and a semipermeable polysiloxane (silicone layer). |
| Integra® BioFix® Amniotic Membrane Allograft | Integra LifeSciences | Integra BioFix and Integra BioFix Plus are human tissue allografts derived from allogeneic dehydrated and decellularized amniotic membrane. |
| Integra® BioFix® Flow Placental Tissue Matrix Allograft | Integra LifeSciences | Integra BioFix Flow is derived from decellularized particulate human placental connective tissue matrix. |
| Integra Dermal Regeneration Template and Integra Omnigraft Regeneration Template | Integra LifeSciences | Integra Dermal Regeneration Template has 2 layers: a thin outer layer of silicone and a thick inner matrix layer of pure bovine collagen and glycosaminoglycan. |
| Integra® Flowable Wound Matrix | Integra LifeSciences | Integra Flowable Wound Matrix is composed of granulated cross-linked bovine tendon collagen and glycosaminoglycan. |
| Integra® Matrix Wound Dressing; originally Avagen wound dressing. | Integra LifeSciences | Integra Wound Matrix is composed of a porous matrix of cross-linked bovine tendon collagen and glycosaminoglycan. |
| InteguPly® | Aziyo Biologics | InteguPly is human acellular dermis. |
| Interfyl™ Human Connective Tissue Matrix | Alliqua Biomedical, Langhorne, PA, USA | Interfyl is connective tissue matrix filler derived from human placenta. |
| Matrix HD® Allograft | RTI Surgical, Alachua, FL, USA | Matrix HD allograft is an acellular human dermis allograft. |
| MicroMatrix® | Acell | MicroMatrix is composed of a porcine-derived extracellular urinary bladder matrix. |
| Miroderm® | Miromatrix Medical, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN, USA | Miroderm is a noncross-linked acellular wound matrix derived from porcine liver |
| Neox® Wound Allografts | Amniox Medical, Inc., Miami, FL, USA | Neox Wound Matrix is preserved human umbilical cord and amniotic membrane. |
| NuShield® | Organogenesis, Inc. | NuShield is a dehydrated placental allograft. |
| Ologen™ Collagen Matrix | Aeon Astron Europe B.V. | Ologen Collagen Matrix is made of cross-linked lyophilized porcine type I atelocollagen (≥90%) and glycosaminoglycans (≤10%). |
| Omega3 Wound (originally Merigen wound dressing) | Kerecis, Arlington, VA, USA | Kerecis MariGen Wound Dressing is processed fish dermal matrix composed of fish collagen and is supplied as a sterile intact or meshed sheet. |
| Oasis® Wound Matrix | Smith & Nephew, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA | Oasis Matrix products are naturally derived scaffolds of ECM, composed of porcine small intestinal submucosa. |
| PalinGen® Membrane and Hydromembrane | Amnio Technology LLC, Phoenix, AZ, USA | PalinGen Membrane and Hydromembrane are human allografts processed from healthy placental tissue. |
| PriMatrix® Dermal Repair Scaffold | Integra LifeSciences | PriMatrix Dermal Repair Scaffold is derived from fetal bovine dermis. |
| Puracol® and Puracol® Plus Collagen Wound Dressings | Medline Industries, Northfield, IL, USA | Composed of 100% bovine collagen. |
| PuraPly® Antimicrobial (PuraPly AM) Wound Matrix (formally called FortaDerm) | Organogenesis, Inc. | PuraPly Antimicrobial Wound Matrix consists of a collagen sheet coated with 0.1% polyhex-methylenebiguanide hydrochloride. |
| Restorigin™ Amniotic Tissue Patches | Parametrics Medical, Leander, TX, USA | Restorigin Amniotic Tissue Patches is derived from human placenta. |
| Restrata™ | Acera Surgical, Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA | Restrata is a fully synthetic electrospun wound dressing composed of randomly oriented nanofibers |
| Revita® | StimLabs, LLC, Roswell, GA, USA | Revita is an intact human placental membrane allograft. |
| SkinTE™ | PolarityTE, Salt Lake City, UT, USA | SkinTE is an entirely autologous product derived from a sample of the patient’s skin. |
| Talymed® | Marine Polymer Technologies, Inc., Burlington, MA, USA | Talymed advanced matrix is composed of shortened fibers of poly‑N‑acetyl glucosamine isolated from microalgae. |
| TheraForm™ Standard/Sheet Absorbable Collagen Membrane | Sewon Cellontech Co., Seoul, Korea | TheraForm is a sterile, pliable, porous scaffold made of biocollagen |
| TheraSkin® | LifeNet Health (procurement and processing) Solsys Medical, Newport News, VA, USA (distribution) | TheraSkin is a human, living, split-thickness allograft. |
| WoundEx® Membrane and WoundEx Flow | Skye Biologics, Inc., El Segundo, CA, USA | WoundEx Membrane is a dehydrated amniotic membrane. WoundEx Flow is a flowable human placental connective tissue matrix. |
| Xwrap® Amniotic Membrane-Derived Allograft | Applied Biologics, Scottsdale, AZ, USA | Xwrap is a chorion-free amniotic membrane wrap, cover, or patch. |
- a
The U.S. Government has not evaluated the product descriptions in this column.
- Table 2, Products commercially available in the United States that may be consid...Table 2, Products commercially available in the United States that may be considered skin substitutes - Skin Substitutes for Treating Chronic Wounds
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