Agostinho CN, da Silva VC, Maia Filho EM, et al. The efficacy of 2 different doses of dexamethasone to control postoperative swelling, trismus, and pain after third molar extractions. General Dentistry. 2014 Nov-Dec;62(6):e1–5. PMID: 25369393. [PubMed: 25369393]

Ahangari. 2009. No other information available

Al-Bahlani S, Sherriff A, Crawford PJ. Tooth extraction, bleeding and pain control. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. 2001 Oct;46(5):261–4. PMID: 11697691. [PubMed: 11697691]

Alcantara CE, Falci SG, Oliveira-Ferreira F, et al. Pre-emptive effect of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone on pain, swelling, and trismus after third molar surgery: a split-mouth randomized triple-blind clinical trial. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2014 Jan;43(1):93–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.05.016. PMID: 23810681. [PubMed: 23810681] [CrossRef]

Al-Dajani M. Can Preoperative Intramuscular Single-Dose Dexamethasone Improve Patient-Centered Outcomes Following Third Molar Surgery? Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017 Aug;75(8):1616–26. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.03.037. PMID: 28438596. [PubMed: 28438596] [CrossRef]

Al-Sukhun J, Al-Sukhun S, Penttila H, et al. Preemptive analgesic effect of low doses of celecoxib is superior to low doses of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2012 Mar;23(2):526–9. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31824cd4fb. PMID: 22421863. [PubMed: 22421863] [CrossRef]

Antunes AA, Avelar RL, Martins Neto EC, et al. Effect of two routes of administration of dexamethasone on pain, edema, and trismus in impacted lower third molar surgery. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011 Dec;15(4):217–23. doi: 10.1007/s10006-011-0290-9. PMID: 21845387. [PubMed: 21845387] [CrossRef]

Arslan H, Seckin F, Kurklu D, et al. The effect of various occlusal reduction levels on postoperative pain in teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis using computerized analysis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2017 Apr;21(3):857–63. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-1835-y. PMID: 27129585. [PubMed: 27129585] [CrossRef]

Arslan H, Topcuoglu HS, Aladag H. Effectiveness of tenoxicam and ibuprofen for pain prevention following endodontic therapy in comparison to placebo: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Journal of Oral Science. 2011 Jun;53(2):157–61. PMID: 21712619. [PubMed: 21712619]

Asgary S, Eghbal MJ. The effect of pulpotomy using a calcium-enriched mixture cement versus one-visit root canal therapy on postoperative pain relief in irreversible pulpitis: a randomized clinical trial. Odontology/The Society of the Nippon Dental University. 2010 Jul;98(2):126–33. doi: 10.1007/s10266-010-0127-2. PMID: 20652790. [PubMed: 20652790] [CrossRef]

Asgary S, Eghbal MJ. A clinical trial of pulpotomy vs. root canal therapy of mature molars.[Retraction in Giannobile WV. J Dent Res. 2011 Sep;90(9):1145; PMID: 21844531]. Journal of Dental Research. 2010 Oct;89(10):1080–5. doi: 10.1177/0022034510374057. PMID: 20562409. [PubMed: 20562409] [CrossRef]

Ashraf H. The Anti-analgesic effect of ibuprofen and rofecoxib following single visit endodontic therapy. Islamic Dental Association of Iran. 2002(14):47–59.

Ashraf H, Naghlachi T, Ketabi M-A. Comparison of the Efficacy of Prophylactic Celecoxib, a Cox-2 Inhibitor Made in Iran, and Placebo for Post-Endodontic Pain Reduction: A Clinical Double-Blind Study. Shahid Beheshti University Dental Journal. 2013;31(3):155–61.

Atbaei A, Mortazavi N. Prophylactic intraligamentary injection of piroxicam (feldene) for the management of post-endodontic pain in molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Australian Endodontic Journal. 2012 Apr;38(1):31–5. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2010.00274.x. PMID: WOS:000301711100006. [PubMed: 22432824] [CrossRef]

Attar S, Bowles WR, Baisden MK, et al. Evaluation of pretreatment analgesia and endodontic treatment for postoperative endodontic pain. Journal of Endodontics. 2008 Jun;34(6):652–5. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.02.017. PMID: 18498882. [PubMed: 18498882] [CrossRef]

Aznar-Arasa L, Harutunian K, Figueiredo R, et al. Effect of preoperative ibuprofen on pain and swelling after lower third molar removal: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2012 Aug;41(8):1005–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.12.028. PMID: 22521671. [PubMed: 22521671] [CrossRef]

Baad-Hansen L, Juhl GI, Jensen TS, et al. Differential effect of intravenous S-ketamine and fentanyl on atypical odontalgia and capsaicin-evoked pain. Pain. 2007 May;129(1-2):46–54. PMID: 17088020. [PubMed: 17088020]

Badcock ME, Gordon I, McCullough MJ. A blinded randomized controlled trial comparing lignocaine and placebo administration to the palate for removal of maxillary third molars. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007 Dec;36(12):1177–82. PMID: 18022350. [PubMed: 18022350]

Baradaran M, Hamidi MR, Moghimi Firoozabad MR, et al. Alprazolam role in the analgesic effect of ibuprofen on postendodontic pain. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2014;5(4):196–201. PMID: 25489429. [PMC free article: PMC4247481] [PubMed: 25489429]

Barden J, Edwards JE, McQuay HJ, et al. Relative efficacy of oral analgesics after third molar extraction. British Dental Journal. 2004 Oct 09;197(7):407–11; discussion 397. PMID: 15475903. [PubMed: 15475903]

Battrum D, Gutmann J. Efficacy of ketorolac in the management of pain associated with root canal treatment. Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 1996 Jan;62(1):36–42. PMID: 8673937. [PubMed: 8673937]

Baygin O, Tuzuner T, Isik B, et al. Comparison of pre-emptive ibuprofen, paracetamol, and placebo administration in reducing post-operative pain in primary tooth extraction. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2011 Jul;21(4):306–13. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2011.01124.x. PMID: 21470320. [PubMed: 21470320] [CrossRef]

Bernhardt MK, Southard KA, Batterson KD, et al. The effect of preemptive and/or postoperative ibuprofen therapy for orthodontic pain. American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2001 Jul;120(1):20–7. PMID: 11455373. [PubMed: 11455373]

Betts NJ, Makowski G, Shen YH, et al. Evaluation of topical viscous 2% lidocaine jelly as an adjunct during the management of alveolar osteitis. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 1995 Oct;53(10):1140–4. PMID: 7562165. [PubMed: 7562165]

Beus H, Fowler S, Drum M, et al. What Is the Outcome of an Incision and Drainage Procedure in Endodontic Patients? A Prospective, Randomized, Single-blind Study. Journal of Endodontics. 2018 Feb;44(2):193–201. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.09.015. PMID: 29246417. [PubMed: 29246417] [CrossRef]

Bhargava D, Deshpande A, Thomas S, et al. High performance liquid chromatography determination of dexamethasone in plasma to evaluate its systemic absorption following intra-space pterygomandibular injection of twin-mix (mixture of 2 % lignocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 4 mg dexamethasone): randomized control trial. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2016 Sep;20(3):259–64. doi: 10.1007/s10006-016-0564-3. PMID: 27283723. [PubMed: 27283723] [CrossRef]

Bhargava D, Sreekumar K, Deshpande A. Effects of intra-space injection of Twin mix versus intraoral-submucosal, intramuscular, intravenous and per-oral administration of dexamethasone on post-operative sequelae after mandibular impacted third molar surgery: a preliminary clinical comparative study. Oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2014;18(3):293–6. [PubMed: 23512235]

Boghdady W, Lotfy M, William E. Diclofenac potassium in the management of dental pain: a multicenter double-blind comparison with glafenine. Egyptian Dental Journal. 1993 Jul;39(3):461–6. PMID: 9590971. [PubMed: 9590971]

Boonsiriseth K, Klongnoi B, Sirintawat N, et al. Comparative study of the effect of dexamethasone injection and consumption in lower third molar surgery. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2012 Feb;41(2):244–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.12.011. PMID: 22209180. [PubMed: 22209180] [CrossRef]

Boonsiriseth K, Latt MM, Kiattavorncharoen S, et al. Dexamethasone injection into the pterygomandibular space in lower third molar surgery. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017 Jul;46(7):899–904. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.1266. PMID: 28318872. [PubMed: 28318872] [CrossRef]

Bouloux GF, Punnia-Moorthy A. Bupivacaine versus lidocaine for third molar surgery: a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 1999 May;57(5):510–4; discussion 5. PMID: 10319823. [PubMed: 10319823]

Bracco P, Debernardi C, Coscia D, et al. Efficacy of rofecoxib and nimesulide in controlling postextraction pain in oral surgery: a randomised comparative study. Current Medical Research & Opinion. 2004 Jan;20(1):107–12. PMID: 14741079. [PubMed: 14741079]

Brajkovic D, Biocanin V, Milic M, et al. Quality of analgesia after lower third molar surgery: A randomised, double-blind study of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine and lidocaine with epinephrine. Vojnosanitetski Pregled. 2015 Jan;72(1):50–6. PMID: 26043591. [PubMed: 26043591]

Breivik EK, Bjornsson GA. Variation in surgical trauma and baseline pain intensity: effects on assay sensitivity of an analgesic trial. European Journal of Oral Sciences. 1998 Aug;106(4):844–52. PMID: 9708687. [PubMed: 9708687]

Brkovic B, Gardasevic M, Roganovic J, et al. Lidocaine+clonidine for maxillary infiltration anaesthesia: parameters of anaesthesia and vascular effects. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2008 Feb;37(2):149–55. PMID: 17822879. [PubMed: 17822879]

Campbell WI, Kendrick RW, Fee JP. Balanced pre-emptive analgesia: does it work? A double-blind, controlled study in bilaterally symmetrical oral surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1998 Nov;81(5):727–30. PMID: 10193284. [PubMed: 10193284]

Canning HB, Frost DE, McDonald DK, et al. Comparison of the use of nalbuphine and fentanyl during third molar surgery. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 1988 Dec;46(12):1048–50. PMID: 3057146. [PubMed: 3057146]

Chance K, Lin L, Shovlin FE, et al. Clinical trial of intracanal corticosteroid in root canal therapy. Journal of Endodontics. 1987 Sep;13(9):466–8. PMID: 3328770. [PubMed: 3328770]

Chaudhary PD, Rastogi S, Gupta P, et al. Pre-emptive effect of dexamethasone injection and consumption on post-operative swelling, pain, and trismus after third molar surgery. A prospective, double blind and randomized study. Journal of Oral Biology & Craniofacial Research. 2015 Jan-Apr;5(1):21–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.02.001. PMID: 25853044. [PMC free article: PMC4382511] [PubMed: 25853044] [CrossRef]

Cheung CW, Choi WS, Leung YY, et al. A double-blind randomized crossover study to evaluate the timing of pregabalin for third molar surgery under local anesthesia. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2012 Jan;70(1):25–30. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.03.056. PMID: 21820233. [PubMed: 21820233] [CrossRef]

Christensen J, Matzen LH, Vaeth M, et al. Efficiency of bupivacaine versus lidocaine and methylprednisolone versus placebo to reduce postoperative pain and swelling after surgical removal of mandibular third molars: a randomized, double-blinded, crossover clinical trial. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2013 Sep;71(9):1490–9. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.05.001. PMID: 23866780. [PubMed: 23866780] [CrossRef]

Christensen KS, Cohen AE, Mermelstein FH, et al. The analgesic efficacy and safety of a novel intranasal morphine formulation (morphine plus chitosan), immediate release oral morphine, intravenous morphine, and placebo in a postsurgical dental pain model. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2008 Dec;107(6):2018–24. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318187b952. PMID: 19020153. [PubMed: 19020153] [CrossRef]

Christensen S, Paluch E, Jayawardena S, et al. Analgesic Efficacy of a New Immediate-Release/Extended-Release Formulation of Ibuprofen: Results From Single- and Multiple-Dose Postsurgical Dental Pain Studies. Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development. 2017 May;6(3):302–12. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.297. PMID: 27545511. [PMC free article: PMC6093260] [PubMed: 27545511] [CrossRef]

Comfort MB, Tse AS, Tsang AC, et al. A study of the comparative efficacy of three common analgesics in the control of pain after third molar surgery under local anaesthesia. Australian Dental Journal. 2002 Dec;47(4):327–30. PMID: 12587769. [PubMed: 12587769]

Comparin D, Moreira EJL, Souza EM, et al. Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Retreatment Using Rotary or Reciprocating Instruments: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Endodontics. 2017 Jul;43(7):1084–8. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.02.010. PMID: 28477995. [PubMed: 28477995] [CrossRef]

Cooper SA, Reynolds DC, Reynolds B, et al. Analgesic efficacy and safety of (R)- ketoprofen in postoperative dental pain. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1998 02;38(2S):11S–8S. PMID: 9549654. [PubMed: 9549654]

Cristalli MP, La Monaca G, De Angelis C, et al. Efficacy of Preoperative Administration of Paracetamol-Codeine on Pain following Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized, Split-Mouth, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Pain Research & Management. 2017;2017:9246352. doi: 10.1155/2017/9246352. PMID: 28325960. [PMC free article: PMC5343255] [PubMed: 28325960] [CrossRef]

Daniels S, Reader S, Berry P, et al. Onset of analgesia with sodium ibuprofen, ibuprofen acid incorporating poloxamer and acetaminophen-a single-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with post-operative dental pain. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2009 Apr;65(4):343–53. doi: 10.1007/s00228-009-0614-y. PMID: WOS:000264176100003. [PubMed: 19252905] [CrossRef]

Darawade DA, Kumar S, Mehta R, et al. In search of a better option: dexamethasone versus methylprednisolone in third molar impaction surgery. Journal of International Oral Health. 2014 Nov-Dec;6(6):14–7. PMID: 25628476. [PMC free article: PMC4295447] [PubMed: 25628476]

Dawdy J, Halladay J, Carrasco-Labra A, et al. Efficacy of adjuvant laser therapy in reducing postsurgical complications after the removal of impacted mandibular third molars A systematic review update and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Dental Association. 2017 Dec;148(12):887-+. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.06.043. PMID: WOS:000417106000029. [PubMed: 28987483] [CrossRef]

de Sousa Santos JA, da Silva LC, de Santana Santos T, et al. Comparative study of tramadol combined with dexamethasone and diclofenac sodium in third-molar surgery. Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 2012 Dec;40(8):694–700. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.01.001. PMID: 22297271. [PubMed: 22297271] [CrossRef]

de Souza AM, Horliana AC, Simone JL, et al. Postoperative pain after bupivacaine supplementation in mandibular third molar surgery: splint-mouth randomized double blind controlled clinical trial. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2014 Dec;18(4):387–91. doi: 10.1007/s10006-014-0471-4. PMID: 25338961. [PubMed: 25338961] [CrossRef]

Deo SP, Shetty P. Effect of submucosal injection of dexamethasone on post-operative sequelae of third molar surgery. Journal of the Nepal Medical Association. 2011;51(182). [PubMed: 22916516]

Dereci O, Tuzuner-Oncul AM, Kocer G, et al. Efficacy of immediate postoperative intramasseteric dexamethasone injection on postoperative swelling after mandibular impacted third molar surgery: A preliminary split-mouth study. JPMA - Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2016 Mar;66(3):320–3. PMID: 26968285. [PubMed: 26968285]

Doroschak AM, Bowles WR, Hargreaves KM. Evaluation of the combination of flurbiprofen and tramadol for management of endodontic pain. Journal of Endodontics. 1999 Oct;25(10):660–3. PMID: 10687523. [PubMed: 10687523]

Eftekhar. 2013.

Ehsan A, Ali Bukhari SG, Ashar, et al. Effects of pre-operative submucosal dexamethasone injection on the postoperative swelling and trismus following surgical extraction of mandibular third molar. Jcpsp, Journal of the College of Physicians & Surgeons - Pakistan. 2014 Jul;24(7):489–92. . PMID: 25052972. [PubMed: 25052972]

Ehsani M, Moghadamnia AA, Zahedpasha S, et al. The role of prophylactic ibuprofen and N-acetylcysteine on the level of cytokines in periapical exudates and the post-treatment pain. Daru: Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2012 Sep 10;20(1):30. doi: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-30. PMID: 23351387. [PMC free article: PMC3555796] [PubMed: 23351387] [CrossRef]

Elbay US, Tak O, Elbay M, et al. Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Management of Postoperative Pain in Children After Primary Teeth Extraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2016 Apr;34(4):171–7. doi: 10.1089/pho.2015.4045. PMID: 26977740. [PubMed: 26977740] [CrossRef]

Elkhadem A, Ezzat K, Ramadan M, et al. The effect of preoperative oral administration of prednisolone on postoperative pain in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a single-centre randomized controlled trial. International Endodontic Journal. 2018 Apr;51: Suppl 3:e189–e96. doi: 10.1111/iej.12795. PMID: 28560802. [PubMed: 28560802] [CrossRef]

Elzaki WM, Abubakr NH, Ziada HM, et al. Double-blind Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Efficiency of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Control of Post-endodontic Pain. Journal of Endodontics. 2016 Jun;42(6):835–42. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.02.014. PMID: 27080115. [PubMed: 27080115] [CrossRef]

Erdogan O, Tatli U, Ustun Y, et al. Influence of two different flap designs on the sequelae of mandibular third molar surgery. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011 Sep;15(3):147–52. doi: 10.1007/s10006-011-0268-7. PMID: 21484217. [PubMed: 21484217] [CrossRef]

Eshghpour M, Mortazavi H, Mohammadzadeh Rezaei N, et al. Effectiveness of green tea mouthwash in postoperative pain control following surgical removal of impacted third molars: double blind randomized clinical trial. Daru: Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2013 Jul 18;21(1):59. doi: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-59. PMID: 23866761. [PMC free article: PMC3720195] [PubMed: 23866761] [CrossRef]

Esteller-Martinez V, Paredes-Garcia J, Valmaseda-Castellon E, et al. Analgesic efficacy of diclofenac sodium versus ibuprofen following surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 2004 Nov-Dec;9(5):448–53; 4–8. PMID: 15580123. [PubMed: 15580123]

Flath RK, Hicks ML, Dionne RA, et al. Pain suppression after pulpectomy with preoperative flurbiprofen. Journal of Endodontics. 1987 Jul;13(7):339–47. PMID: 3327906. [PubMed: 3327906]

Forbes JA, Butterworth GA, Burchfield WH, et al. EVALUATION OF KETOROLAC, ASPIRIN, AND AN ACETAMINOPHEN-CODEINE COMBINATION IN POSTOPERATIVE ORAL-SURGERY PAIN. Pharmacotherapy. 1990 1990;10(6):S77–S93. PMID: WOS:A1990ET15800009. [PubMed: 2082317]

Forbes JA, Edquist IA, Smith FG, et al. Evaluation of bromfenac, aspirin, and ibuprofen in postoperative oral surgery pain. Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 1991;11(1):64–70. PMID: 2020613. [PubMed: 2020613]

Forbes JA, Moore EM, Allen HW, et al. Evaluation of an ibuprofen controlled-release tablet and placebo in postoperative oral surgery pain. Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 1991;11(3):242–8. PMID: 1862015. [PubMed: 1862015]

Fouad AF, Rivera EM, Walton RE. Penicillin as a supplement in resolving the localized acute apical abscess. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontics. 1996 May;81(5):590–5. doi: 10.1016/s1079-2104(96)80054-0. PMID: WOS:A1996UM13900020. [PubMed: 8734709] [CrossRef]

Fricke JR, Jr., Angelocci D, Fox K, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of ketorolac and meperidine in the relief of dental pain. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1992 Apr;32(4):376–84. PMID: 1569240. [PubMed: 1569240]

Fricke JR, Jr., Hewitt DJ, Jordan DM, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of tramadol/acetaminophen and tramadol in patients with postoperative dental pain. Pain. 2004 Jun;109(3):250–7. PMID: 15157685. [PubMed: 15157685]

Gallatin E, Reader A, Nist R, et al. Pain reduction in untreated irreversible pulpitis using an intraosseous injection of Depo-Medrol. Journal of Endodontics. 2000 Nov;26(11):633–8. PMID: 11469290. [PubMed: 11469290]

Gangarosa LP, Sr., Ciarlone AE, Neaverth EJ, et al. Use of verbal descriptors, thermal scores and electrical pulp testing as predictors of tooth pain before and after application of benzocaine gels into cavities of teeth with pulpitis. Anesthesia Progress. 1989 Nov-Dec;36(6):272–5. PMID: 2490060. [PMC free article: PMC2163984] [PubMed: 2490060]

Ghensi P, Cucchi A, Creminelli L, et al. Effect of Oral Administration of Bromelain on Postoperative Discomfort After Third Molar Surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2017 Mar;28(2):e191–e7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003154. PMID: 27755433. [PubMed: 27755433] [CrossRef]

Glassman G, Krasner P, Morse DR, et al. A prospective randomized double-blind trial on efficacy of dexamethasone for endodontic interappointment pain in teeth with asymptomatic inflamed pulps. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1989 Jan;67(1):96–100. PMID: 2643074. [PubMed: 2643074]

Goldstein DJ, Brunelle RL, George RE, et al. Picenadol in a large multicenter dental pain study. Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 1994 Jan-Feb;14(1):54–9. PMID: 8159602. [PubMed: 8159602]

Gopikrishna V, Parameswaran A. Effectiveness of prophylactic use of rofecoxib in comparison with ibuprofen on postendodontic pain. Journal of Endodontics. 2003 Jan;29(1):62–4. PMID: 12540224. [PubMed: 12540224]

Grant GM, Mehlisch DR. Intranasal ketorolac for pain secondary to third molar impaction surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2010 May;68(5):1025–31. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.10.023. PMID: 20207062. [PubMed: 20207062] [CrossRef]

Graziani F, D’Aiuto F, Arduino PG, et al. Perioperative dexamethasone reduces post-surgical sequelae of wisdom tooth removal. A split-mouth randomized double-masked clinical trial. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006 Mar;35(3):241–6. PMID: 16188428. [PubMed: 16188428]

Greengrass SR, Andrzejowski J, Ruiz K. Topical bupivacaine for pain control following simple dental extractions. British Dental Journal. 1998 Apr 11;184(7):354–5. PMID: 9599891. [PubMed: 9599891]

Grossi GB, Maiorana C, Garramone RA, et al. Effect of submucosal injection of dexamethasone on postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery: a prospective study. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007 Nov;65(11):2218–26. PMID: 17954317. [PubMed: 17954317]

Henry M, Reader A, Beck M. Effect of penicillin on postoperative endodontic pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth. Journal of Endodontics. 2001 Feb;27(2):117–23. doi: 10.1097/00004770-200102000-00016. PMID: WOS:000166748800012. [PubMed: 11491635] [CrossRef]

Hersh EV, Cooper SA, Levin LM, et al. A dose-ranging study of bromfenac sodium in oral surgery pain. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology & Endodontics. 1998 Jul;86(1):36–41. PMID: 9690243. [PubMed: 9690243]

Hersh EV, DeRossi SS, Ciarrocca KN, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of an intraoral benzocaine patch in the relief of spontaneous toothache pain. Journal of Clinical Dentistry. 2003;14(1):1–6. PMID: 12619262. [PubMed: 12619262]

Hersh EV, Levin LM, Adamson D, et al. Dose-ranging analgesic study of Prosorb diclofenac potassium in postsurgical dental pain. Clinical Therapeutics. 2004 Aug;26(8):1215–27. PMID: 15476903. [PubMed: 15476903]

Hersh EV, Levin LM, Cooper SA, et al. Ibuprofen liquigel for oral surgery pain. Clinical Therapeutics. 2000 Nov;22(11):1306-+. doi: 10.1016/s0149-2918(00)83027-1. PMID: WOS:000165711100005. [PubMed: 11117655] [CrossRef]

Hersh EV, Stoopler ET, Secreto SA, et al. A study of benzocaine gel dosing for toothache. Journal of Clinical Dentistry. 2005;16(4):103–8. PMID: 16583593. [PubMed: 16583593]

Ibikunle AA, Adeyemo WL, Ladeinde AL. Oral health-related quality of life following third molar surgery with either oral administration or submucosal injection of prednisolone. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-Heidelberg. 2016 Dec;20(4):343–52. doi: 10.1007/s10006-016-0571-4. PMID: WOS:000390405800002. [PubMed: 27447802] [CrossRef]

Isik B, Yaman S, Aktuna S, et al. Analgesic efficacy of prophylactic gabapentin and lornoxicam in preventing postendodontic pain. Pain Medicine. 2014 Dec;15(12):2150–5. doi: 10.1111/pme.12536. PMID: 25138784. [PubMed: 25138784] [CrossRef]

Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Pozos-Guillen A, Martinez-Rider R, et al. Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of oral ketorolac versus intramuscular tramadol after third molar surgery: A parallel, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 2016 Sep 01;21(5):e637–43. PMID: 27475688. [PMC free article: PMC5005104] [PubMed: 27475688]

Jain AK, Ryan JR, McMahon FG, et al. Analgesic efficacy of low-dose ibuprofen in dental extraction pain. Pharmacotherapy:The Journal of Human Pharmacology & Drug Therapy. 1986 Nov-Dec;6(6):318–22. PMID: 3547351. [PubMed: 3547351]

Jalalzadeh SM, Mamavi A, Shahriari S, et al. Effect of pretreatment prednisolone on postendodontic pain: a double-blind parallel-randomized clinical trial. Journal of Endodontics. 2010 Jun;36(6):978–81. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.03.015. PMID: 20478449. [PubMed: 20478449] [CrossRef]

Joshi A, Parara E, Macfarlane TV. A double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial of the effect of preoperative ibuprofen, diclofenac, paracetamol with codeine and placebo tablets for relief of postoperative pain after removal of impacted third molars. British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2004 Aug;42(4):299–306. PMID: 15225946. [PubMed: 15225946]

Kaczmarzyk T, Wichlinski J, Stypulkowska J, et al. Preemptive effect of ketoprofen on postoperative pain following third molar surgery. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2010 Jul;39(7):647–52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.02.019. PMID: 20338728. [PubMed: 20338728] [CrossRef]

Kaufman E, Heling I, Rotstein I, et al. Intraligamentary injection of slow-release methylprednisolone for the prevention of pain after endodontic treatment. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1994 Jun;77(6):651–4. PMID: 8065733. [PubMed: 8065733]

Kaviani N, Khademi A, Ebtehaj I, et al. The effect of orally administered ketamine on requirement for anesthetics and postoperative pain in mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Journal of Oral Science. 2011 Dec;53(4):461–5. PMID: 22167031. [PubMed: 22167031]

Kazancioglu HO, Ezirganli S, Demirtas N. Comparison of the influence of ozone and laser therapies on pain, swelling, and trismus following impacted third-molar surgery. Lasers in Medical Science. 2014 Jul;29(4):1313–9. doi: 10.1007/s10103-013-1300-y. PMID: 23494104. [PubMed: 23494104] [CrossRef]

Kherlakian D, Cunha RS, Ehrhardt IC, et al. Comparison of the Incidence of Postoperative Pain after Using 2 Reciprocating Systems and a Continuous Rotary System: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Endodontics. 2016 Feb;42(2):171–6. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.10.011. PMID: 26614017. [PubMed: 26614017] [CrossRef]

Khorasani Y, Mahdi M, Mohadese M. Efficacy of prophylactic use of sulindac in comparison with ibuprofen on post-operative endodontic pain. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2011;35(4):315–24.

Kleinert R, Lange C, Steup A, et al. Single dose analgesic efficacy of tapentadol in postsurgical dental pain: the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2008 Dec;107(6):2048–55. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31818881ca. PMID: 19020157. [PubMed: 19020157] [CrossRef]

Klongnoi B, Kaewpradub P, Boonsiriseth K, et al. Effect of single dose preoperative intramuscular dexamethasone injection on lower impacted third molar surgery. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2012 Mar;41(3):376–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.12.014. PMID: 22209181. [PubMed: 22209181] [CrossRef]

Krasner P, Jackson E. Management of posttreatment endodontic pain with oral dexamethasone: a double-blind study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1986 Aug;62(2):187–90. PMID: 3528979. [PubMed: 3528979]

Laureano Filho JR, Maurette PE, Allais M, et al. Clinical comparative study of the effectiveness of two dosages of Dexamethasone to control postoperative swelling, trismus and pain after the surgical extraction of mandibular impacted third molars. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 2008 Feb 01;13(2):E129–32. PMID: 18223530. [PubMed: 18223530]

Law SL, Southard KA, Law AS, et al. An evaluation of preoperative ibuprofen for treatment of pain associated with orthodontic separator placement. American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2000 Dec;118(6):629–35. PMID: 11113797. [PubMed: 11113797]

Lebrun T, Van Elstraete AC, Sandefo I, et al. Lack of a pre-emptive effect of low-dose ketamine on postoperative pain following oral surgery. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2006 Feb;53(2):146–52. PMID: 16434754. [PubMed: 16434754]

Lee MH, Zarestsky HH, Ernst M, et al. The analgesic effects of aspirin and placebo on experimentally induced tooth pulp pain. Journal of Medicine. 1985;16(4):417–28. PMID: 3913724. [PubMed: 3913724]

Leguen MA. Single-blind clinical trial comparing use of fentiazac and paracetamol in postendodontic periodontitis. Clinical Therapeutics. 1985;7(2):145–50. PMID: 3886139. [PubMed: 3886139]

Leong KJ, Roberts GJ, Ashley PF. Perioperative local anaesthetic in young paediatric patients undergoing extractions under outpatient ‘short-case’ general anaesthesia. A double-blind randomised controlled trial. British Dental Journal. 2007 Sep 22;203(6):E11; discussion 334-5. PMID: 17694046. [PubMed: 17694046]

Li H, Mandema J, Wada R, et al. Modeling the onset and offset of dental pain relief by ibuprofen. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2012 Jan;52(1):89–101. doi: 10.1177/0091270010389470. PMID: 21383341. [PubMed: 21383341] [CrossRef]

Liesinger A, Marshall FJ, Marshall JG. Effect of variable doses of dexamethasone on posttreatment endodontic pain. Journal of Endodontics. 1993 Jan;19(1):35–9. PMID: 8289025. [PubMed: 8289025]

Lim D, Ngeow WC. A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Submucosal Injection of Dexamethasone Versus Methylprednisolone in Reducing Postoperative Sequelae After Third Molar Surgery. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017 Nov;75(11):2278–86. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.05.033. PMID: WOS:000415174300002. [PubMed: 28666096] [CrossRef]

Lin S, Levin L, Emodi O, et al. Etodolac versus dexamethasone effect in reduction of postoperative symptoms following surgical endodontic treatment: a double-blind study. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology & Endodontics. 2006 Jun;101(6):814–7. PMID: 16731406. [PubMed: 16731406]

Liporaci Junior JL. Assessment of preemptive analgesia efficacy in surgical extraction of third molars. Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia. 2012 Jul;62(4):502–10. doi: 10.1016/S0034-7094(12)70148-4. PMID: 22793965. [PubMed: 22793965] [CrossRef]

List T, Leijon G, Helkimo M, et al. Effect of local anesthesia on atypical odontalgia--a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2006 Jun;122(3):306–14. PMID: 16564621. [PubMed: 16564621]

Lopez-Lopez J, Jan-Palli E, lez-Navarro BG, et al. Efficacy of chlorhexidine, dexpanthenol, allantoin and chitosan gel in comparison with bicarbonate oral rinse in controlling post-interventional inflammation, pain and cicatrization in subjects undergoing dental surgery.[Erratum appears in Curr Med Res Opin. 2016;32(2):395 Note: Lope-Lopez, Jose [corrected to Lopez-Lopez, Jose]; Gonzalez-Navarro, Beatriz [corrected to lez-Navarro, Beatriz Gonza]; PMID: 26691179]. Current Medical Research & Opinion. 2015 Dec;31(12):2179–83. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1108909. PMID: 26471464. [PubMed: 26471464] [CrossRef]

Majid O, Mahmood W. Use of dexamethasone to minimise post‐operative sequelae after third molar surgery: comparison of five different routes of administration. Oral Surgery. 2013;6(4):200–8.

Majid OW. Submucosal dexamethasone injection improves quality of life measures after third molar surgery: a comparative study. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011 Sep;69(9):2289–97. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.01.037. PMID: 21514710. [PubMed: 21514710] [CrossRef]

Majid OW, Mahmood WK. Effect of submucosal and intramuscular dexamethasone on postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery: comparative study. British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011 Dec;49(8):647–52. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2010.09.021. PMID: 21035237. [PubMed: 21035237] [CrossRef]

Makkar S, Kaler N, Dhawan R, et al. Efficacy of ibuprofen and paracetamol and diclofenac sodium and paracetamol combination on postoperative pain following root canal preparation in a randomized placebo-controlled study. Indian Journal of Oral Sciences. 2012;3(1):19.

Markovic A, Todorovic L. Effectiveness of dexamethasone and low-power laser in minimizing oedema after third molar surgery: a clinical trial. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007 Mar;36(3):226–9. PMID: 17157479. [PubMed: 17157479]

Marques J, Pie-Sanchez J, Figueiredo R, et al. Effect of the local administration of betamethasone on pain, swelling and trismus after impacted lower third molar extraction. A randomized, triple blinded, controlled trial. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 2014 Jan 01;19(1):e49–54. PMID: 24121915. [PMC free article: PMC3909432] [PubMed: 24121915]

Marshall JG, Walton RE. The effect of intramuscular injection of steroid on posttreatment endodontic pain. Journal of Endodontics. 1984 Dec;10(12):584–8. PMID: 6596389. [PubMed: 6596389]

McQuay HJ, Carroll D, Guest PG, et al. A multiple dose comparison of ibuprofen and dihydrocodeine after third molar surgery. British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 1993 Apr;31(2):95–100. PMID: 8471588. [PubMed: 8471588]

Mehlisch DR, Aspley S, Daniels SE, et al. Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of Concurrent Ibuprofen and Paracetamol With Ibuprofen or Paracetamol Alone in the Management of Moderate to Severe Acute Postoperative Dental Pain in Adolescents and Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Single-Dose, Two-Center, Modified Factorial Study. Clinical Therapeutics. 2010 May;32(5):882–95. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.04.022. PMID: WOS:000278661700006. [PubMed: 20685496] [CrossRef]

Mehlisch DR, Aspley S, Daniels SE, et al. A single-tablet fixed-dose combination of racemic ibuprofen/paracetamol in the management of moderate to severe postoperative dental pain in adult and adolescent patients: a multicenter, two-stage, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, factorial study. Clinical Therapeutics. 2010 Jun;32(6):1033–49. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.06.002. PMID: 20637958. [PubMed: 20637958] [CrossRef]

Mehlisch DR, Desjardins PJ, Daniels S, et al. Single doses of parecoxib sodium intravenously are as effective as ketorolac in reducing pain after oral surgery. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2003 Sep;61(9):1030–7. PMID: 12966478. [PubMed: 12966478]

Mehlisch DR, Jasper RD, Brown P, et al. COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF IBUPROFEN LYSINE AND ACETAMINOPHEN IN PATIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE DENTAL PAIN. Clinical Therapeutics. 1995 Sep-Oct;17(5):852–60. doi: 10.1016/0149-2918(95)80063-8. PMID: WOS:A1995TE58000007. [PubMed: 8595637] [CrossRef]

Mehrvarzfar. 2008. No other information available.

Mehrvarzfar P, Abbott PV, Saghiri MA, et al. Effects of three oral analgesics on postoperative pain following root canal preparation: a controlled clinical trial. International Endodontic Journal. 2012 Jan;45(1):76–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01950.x. PMID: 21902704. [PubMed: 21902704] [CrossRef]

Mehrvarzfar P, Esnashari E, Salmanzadeh R, et al. Effect of Dexamethasone Intraligamentary Injection on Post-Endodontic Pain in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Iranian Endodontic Journal. 2016;11(4):261–6. PMID: 27790253. [PMC free article: PMC5069900] [PubMed: 27790253]

Mehrvarzfar P, Shababi B, Sayyad R, et al. Effect of supraperiosteal injection of dexamethasone on postoperative pain. Australian Endodontic Journal: the Journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology. 2008 Apr;34(1):25–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2007.00076.x. PMID: 18352900. [PubMed: 18352900] [CrossRef]

Mellor AC, Dorman ML, Girdler NM. The use of an intra-oral injection of ketorolac in the treatment of irreversible pulpitis. Int Endod J. 2005 Nov;38(11):789–92; discussion 92-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01015_1.x. PMID: 16218969. [PubMed: 16218969] [CrossRef]

Menhinick KA, Gutmann JL, Regan JD, et al. The efficacy of pain control following nonsurgical root canal treatment using ibuprofen or a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. International Endodontic Journal. 2004 Aug;37(8):531–41. PMID: 15230906. [PubMed: 15230906]

Menke ER, Jackson CR, Bagby MD, et al. The effectiveness of prophylactic etodolac on postendodontic pain. Journal of Endodontics. 2000 Dec;26(12):712–5. PMID: 11471639. [PubMed: 11471639]

Merry AF, Swinburn PF, Middleton NG, et al. Tenoxicam and paracetamol-codeine combination after oral surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1998 Dec;81(6):875–80. PMID: 10211012. [PubMed: 10211012]

Metri M, Hegde S, Bhandi S. Effect of pretreatment diclofenac sodium on postendodontic pain: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Conservative Dentistry. 2016 Jan-Feb;19(1):7–10. doi: 10.4103/0972-0707.173183. PMID: 26957785. [PMC free article: PMC4760019] [PubMed: 26957785] [CrossRef]

Michalek-Sauberer A, Heinzl H, Sator-Katzenschlager SM, et al. Perioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2007 Mar;104(3):542–7. PMID: 17312205. [PubMed: 17312205]

Mirzaie M, Kavosi A, Atbaie A, et al. Effect of premedication with Celecoxib and Gelofen on reduction of post-endodontic pain. Journal of Dental Medicine. 2011;24(3):172–80.

Modabber A, Rana M, Ghassemi A, et al. Three-dimensional evaluation of postoperative swelling in treatment of zygomatic bone fractures using two different cooling therapy methods: a randomized, observer-blind, prospective study. Trials [Electronic Resource]. 2013 Jul 29;14:238. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-238. PMID: 23895539. [PMC free article: PMC3729713] [PubMed: 23895539] [CrossRef]

Moghadamnia AA, Partovi M, Mohammadianfar I, et al. Evaluation of the effect of locally administered amitriptyline gel as adjunct to local anesthetics in irreversible pulpitis pain. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2009 Jan-Mar;20(1):3–6. PMID: 19336851. [PubMed: 19336851]

Mojsa IM, Pokrowiecki R, Lipczynski K, et al. Effect of submucosal dexamethasone injection on postoperative pain, oedema, and trismus following mandibular thirdmolar surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017 Apr;46(4):524–30. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.11.006. PMID: WOS:000398009500018. [PubMed: 28012633] [CrossRef]

Mokhtari F, Yazdi K, Mahabadi AM, et al. Effect of Premedication with Indomethacin and Ibuprofen on Postoperative Endodontic Pain: A Clinical Trial. Iranian Endodontic Journal. 2016;11(1):57–62. doi: 10.7508/iej.2016.01.011. PMID: 26843879. [PMC free article: PMC4731535] [PubMed: 26843879] [CrossRef]

Moore PA, Acs G, Hargreaves JA. Postextraction pain relief in children: a clinical trial of liquid analgesics. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy, & Toxicology. 1985 Nov;23(11):573–7. PMID: 3908330. [PubMed: 3908330]

Moradi S, Nagavi N, Banihashemi E, et al. Clinical study of effect of infiltration injection of dexamethasone on post endodontic pain of necrotic teeth. Journal of Mashhad Dental School. 2014;38(2):159–68.

Moro A, Gasparini G, Marianetti TM, et al. Hilotherm efficacy in controlling postoperative facial edema in patients treated for maxillomandibular malformations. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2011 Nov;22(6):2114–7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31822e5e06. PMID: 22067848. [PubMed: 22067848] [CrossRef]

Nagle D, Reader A, Beck M, et al. Effect of systemic penicillin on pain in untreated irreversible pulpitis. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology & Endodontics. 2000 Nov;90(5):636–40. PMID: 11077389. [PubMed: 11077389]

Nair RB, Rahman NM, Ummar M, et al. Effect of submucosal injection of dexamethasone on postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery: a prospective study. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice [Electronic Resource]. 2013 May 01;14(3):401–4. PMID: 24171980. [PubMed: 24171980]

Nandini GD. Eventuality of Dexamethasone Injected Intra-massetrically on Post Operative Sequel Following the Surgical Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: A Prospective Study. Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery. 2016 Dec;15(4):456–60. PMID: 27833337. [PMC free article: PMC5083682] [PubMed: 27833337]

Negm MM. Management of endodontic pain with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1989 Jan;67(1):88–95. PMID: 2911450. [PubMed: 2911450]

Negm MM. Effect of intracanal use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on posttreatment endodontic pain. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1994 May;77(5):507–13. PMID: 8028874. [PubMed: 8028874]

Negm MM. Intracanal use of a corticosteroid-antibiotic compound for the management of posttreatment endodontic pain. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2001;92(4):435–9. [PubMed: 11598580]

Nekoofar MH, Sadeghipanah M, Dehpour AR. Evaluation of meloxicam (A cox-2 inhibitor) for management of postoperative endodontic pain: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of Endodontics. 2003 Oct;29(10):634–7. PMID: 14606784. [PubMed: 14606784]

Noronha VR, Gurgel GD, Alves LC, et al. Analgesic efficacy of lysine clonixinate, paracetamol and dipyrone in lower third molar extraction: a randomized controlled trial. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 2009 Aug 01;14(8):e411–5. PMID: 19415056. [PubMed: 19415056]

Olmedo-Gaya MV, Manzano-Moreno FJ, Galvez-Mateos R, et al. Oral pregabalin for postoperative pain relief after third molar extraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2016 Sep;20(7):1819–26. doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1657-3. PMID: 26578119. [PubMed: 26578119] [CrossRef]

Olson NZ, Otero AM, Marrero I, et al. Onset of analgesia for liquigel ibuprofen 400 mg, acetaminophen 1000 mg, ketoprofen 25 mg, and placebo in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2001 Nov;41(11):1238–47. doi: 10.1177/00912700122012797. PMID: WOS:000171656100008. [PubMed: 11697757] [CrossRef]

Ong CK, Seymour RA, Tan JM. Sedation with midazolam leads to reduced pain after dental surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2004 May;98(5):1289–93, table of contents. PMID: 15105203. [PubMed: 15105203]

Ong KS, Seymour RA, Tan JM. A prospective randomized crossover study of the preemptive analgesic effect of nitrous oxide in oral surgery. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology & Endodontics. 2004 Dec;98(6):637–42. PMID: 15583533. [PubMed: 15583533]

Pasqualini D, Mollo L, Scotti N, et al. Postoperative pain after manual and mechanical glide path: a randomized clinical trial.[Erratum appears in J Endod. 2012 Mar;38(3):356]. Journal of Endodontics. 2012 Jan;38(1):32–6. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.09.017. PMID: 22152616. [PubMed: 22152616] [CrossRef]

Pendeville PE, Van Boven MJ, Contreras V, et al. Ketorolac tromethamine for postoperative analgesia in oral surgery. Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica. 1995;46(1):25–30. PMID: 7618425. [PubMed: 7618425]

Penniston SG, Hargreaves KM. Evaluation of periapical injection of Ketorolac for management of endodontic pain. Journal of Endodontics. 1996 Feb;22(2):55–9. PMID: 8935018. [PubMed: 8935018]

Perez-Urizar J, Martinez-Rider R, Torres-Roque I, et al. Analgesic efficacy of lysine clonixinate plus tramadol versus tramadol in multiple doses following impacted third molar surgery. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2014 Mar;43(3):348–54. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.08.003. PMID: 24042066. [PubMed: 24042066] [CrossRef]

Perry DA, Gansky SA, Loomer PM. Effectiveness of a transmucosal lidocaine delivery system for local anaesthesia during scaling and root planing. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2005 Jun;32(6):590–4. PMID: 15882216. [PubMed: 15882216]

Petersen JK. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of diflunisal and codeine after removal of impacted third molars. Current Medical Research & Opinion. 1978;5(7):525–35. PMID: 359245. [PubMed: 359245]

Pickenpaugh L, Reader A, Beck M, et al. Effect of prophylactic amoxicillin on endodontic flare-up in asymptomatic, necrotic teeth. Journal of Endodontics. 2001 Jan;27(1):53–6. doi: 10.1097/00004770-200101000-00019. PMID: WOS:000166202900013. [PubMed: 11487166] [CrossRef]

Pochapski MT, Santos FA, de Andrade ED, et al. Effect of pretreatment dexamethasone on postendodontic pain. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology & Endodontics. 2009 Nov;108(5):790–5. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.014. PMID: 19748294. [PubMed: 19748294] [CrossRef]

Praveen R, Thakur S, Kirthiga M. Comparative Evaluation of Premedication with Ketorolac and Prednisolone on Postendodontic Pain: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Endodontics. 2017 May;43(5):667–73. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.12.012. PMID: 28320541. [PubMed: 28320541] [CrossRef]

Primosch RE, Antony SJ, Courts FJ. The efficacy of preoperative analgesic administration for postoperative pain management of pediatric dental patients. Anesthesia & Pain Control in Dentistry. 1993;2(2):102–6. PMID: 8219927. [PubMed: 8219927]

Primosch RE, Nichols DL, Courts FJ. Comparison of preoperative ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo administration on the parental report of postextraction pain in children. Pediatric Dentistry. 1995 May-Jun;17(3):187–91. PMID: 7617493. [PubMed: 7617493]

Quiding H, Oksala E, Happonen RP, et al. The visual analog scale in multiple-dose evaluations of analgesics. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1981 Oct;21(10):424–9. PMID: 6118380. [PubMed: 6118380]

Rana M, Gellrich NC, Ghassemi A, et al. Three-dimensional evaluation of postoperative swelling after third molar surgery using 2 different cooling therapy methods: a randomized observer-blind prospective study. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011 Aug;69(8):2092–8. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.12.038. PMID: 21496998. [PubMed: 21496998] [CrossRef]

Rana M, Gellrich NC, Joos U, et al. 3D evaluation of postoperative swelling using two different cooling methods following orthognathic surgery: a randomised observer blind prospective pilot study. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011 Jul;40(7):690–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.02.015. PMID: 21411291. [PubMed: 21411291] [CrossRef]

Rana M, Gellrich NC, von See C, et al. 3D evaluation of postoperative swelling in treatment of bilateral mandibular fractures using 2 different cooling therapy methods: a randomized observer blind prospective study. Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 2013 Jan;41(1):e17–23. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.04.002. PMID: 22626630. [PubMed: 22626630] [CrossRef]

Rashka BGB AS, Shruti B, Mithra N. valuation of the Efficacy of Intraligamentary injection of Diclofenac Sodium in Reducing Postoperative pain in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis. International Residency Journal of Pharmacy. 2013;4:237–9.

Roderjan DA. Estudo clínico comparativo de dose única pré-operatória de 50mg de rofecoxib ou diclofenado sódico no controle da dor após tratamento endodôntico. 2004.

Roelofse JA, van der Bijl P, Joubert JJ. An open comparative study of the analgesic effects of tenoxicam and diclofenac sodium after third molar surgery. Anesthesia & Pain Control in Dentistry. 1993;2(4):217–22. PMID: 8180524. [PubMed: 8180524]

Rogers MJ, Johnson BR, Remeikis NA, et al. Comparison of effect of intracanal use of ketorolac tromethamine and dexamethasone with oral ibuprofen on post treatment endodontic pain. J Endod. 1999 May;25(5):381–4. doi: 10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81176-3. PMID: 10530266. [PubMed: 10530266] [CrossRef]

Rowe NH, Shekter MA, Turner JL, et al. Control of pain resulting from endodontic therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1980 Sep;50(3):257–63. PMID: 6997792. [PubMed: 6997792]

Runyon MS, Brennan MT, Batts JJ, et al. Efficacy of penicillin for dental pain without overt infection. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2004 Dec;11(12):1268–71. PMID: 15576515. [PubMed: 15576515]

Ryan JL, Jureidini B, Hodges JS, et al. Gender differences in analgesia for endodontic pain. Journal of Endodontics. 2008 May;34(5):552–6. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.01.021. PMID: 18436033. [PubMed: 18436033] [CrossRef]

Saatchi M, Mosavat F, Razmara F, et al. Comparison of the effect of Ibuprofen and slow-released Diclofenac Sodium in controlling post endodontic pain. Journal of Dental Medicine. 2009;22(4).

Sadeghein A, Shahidi N, Dehpour AR. A comparison of ketorolac tromethamine and acetaminophen codeine in the management of acute apical periodontitis. Journal of Endodontics. 1999 Apr;25(4):257–9. PMID: 10425951. [PubMed: 10425951]

Salarpoor M, Shahraki S, Farhad-Molashahi L, et al. Effectiveness of various medications on post operative pain of vital teeth after root canal therapy. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2014;16(7):15–20.

Saravanan K, Kannan R, John RR, et al. A single pre operative dose of sub mucosal dexamethasone is effective in improving post operative quality of life in the surgical management of impacted third molars: a comparative randomised prospective study. Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery. 2016;15(1):67–71. [PMC free article: PMC4759017] [PubMed: 26929555]

Satilmis T, Garip H, Arpaci E, et al. Assessment of combined local anesthesia and ketamine for pain, swelling, and trismus after surgical extraction of third molars. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2009 Jun;67(6):1206–10. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2008.12.034. PMID: 19446205. [PubMed: 19446205] [CrossRef]

Scott R, Ellis E, 3rd, Upton LG. Double-blind evaluation of etodolac (200 mg, 400 mg) compared with zomepirac (100 mg) and placebo on third molar extraction pain. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1986 Dec;62(6):638–42. PMID: 2948143. [PubMed: 2948143]

Sethi P, Agarwal M, Chourasia HR, et al. Effect of single dose pretreatment analgesia with three different analgesics on postoperative endodontic pain: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Conservative Dentistry. 2014 Nov;17(6):517–21. doi: 10.4103/0972-0707.144574. PMID: 25506136. [PMC free article: PMC4252922] [PubMed: 25506136] [CrossRef]

Seymour RA, Rawlins MD. Pharmacokinetics of parenteral paracetamol and its analgesic effects in post-operative dental pain. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1981;20(3):215–8. PMID: 7026258. [PubMed: 7026258]

Shantiaee Y, Mahjour F, Dianat O. Efficacy comparison of periapical infiltration injection of dexamethasone, morphine and placebo for postoperative endodontic pain. International Dental Journal. 2012 Apr;62(2):74–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00092.x. PMID: 22420475. [PMC free article: PMC9375051] [PubMed: 22420475] [CrossRef]

Sharma N, Nikhil V, Gupta S. Effect of preoperative administration of steroid with different routes on post endodontic pain: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. Endodontology. 2015;27(2):107.

Simone JL, Jorge WA, Horliana AC, et al. Comparative analysis of preemptive analgesic effect of dexamethasone and diclofenac following third molar surgery. Pesquisa Odontologica Brasileira = Brazilian Oral Research. 2013 May-Jun;27(3):266–71. doi: 10.1590/S1806-83242013005000012. PMID: 23657486. [PubMed: 23657486] [CrossRef]

Sisk AL, Mosley RO, Martin RP. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative diflunisal for suppression of postoperative pain. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 1989 May;47(5):464–8. PMID: 2709216. [PubMed: 2709216]

Sotto-Maior BS, Senna PM, de Souza Picorelli Assis NM. Corticosteroids or cyclooxygenase 2-selective inhibitor medication for the management of pain and swelling after third-molar surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2011 Mar;22(2):758–62. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e318207f3fe. PMID: 21415660. [PubMed: 21415660] [CrossRef]

Sveen OB, Yaekel M, Adair SM. Efficacy of using benzocaine for temporary relief of toothache. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1982 Jun;53(6):574–6. PMID: 7048188. [PubMed: 7048188]

Taggar T, Wu D, Khan AA. A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing 2 Ibuprofen Formulations in Patients with Acute Odontogenic Pain. Journal of Endodontics. 2017 May;43(5):674–8. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.12.017. PMID: 28320537. [PubMed: 28320537] [CrossRef]

Taschieri S, Fabiani C, Franco V, et al. Effect of sodium hypochlorite with the addition of a proteolytic enzyme on postoperative discomfort: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Minerva Stomatologica. 2009 Sep;58(9):415–23. PMID: 19893466. [PubMed: 19893466]

Torabinejad M, Cymerman JJ, Frankson M, et al. Effectiveness of various medications on postoperative pain following complete instrumentation. Journal of Endodontics. 1994 Jul;20(7):345–54. PMID: 7996097. [PubMed: 7996097]

Torabinejad M, Dorn SO, Eleazer PD, et al. Effectiveness of various medications on postoperative pain following root canal obturation. Journal of Endodontics. 1994 Sep;20(9):427–31. PMID: 7996111. [PubMed: 7996111]

Troiano G, Laino L, Cicciu M, et al. Comparison of Two Routes of Administration of Dexamethasone to Reduce the Postoperative Sequelae After Third Molar Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Open Dentistry Journal. 2018;12:181–8. doi: 10.2174/1874210601812010181. PMID: WOS:000438206800005. [PMC free article: PMC5842398] [PubMed: 29541264] [CrossRef]

Tuffin JR, Cunliffe DR, Shaw SR. Do local analgesics injected at the time of third molar removal under general anaesthesia reduce significantly post operative analgesic requirements? A double-blind controlled trial. British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 1989 Feb;27(1):27–32. PMID: 2645933. [PubMed: 2645933]

Vallerand WP, Vallerand AH, Heft M. The effects of postoperative preparatory information on the clinical course following third molar extraction. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 1994 Nov;52(11):1165–70; discussion 70-1. PMID: 7965311. [PubMed: 7965311]

van der Westhuijzen AJ, Becker PJ, Morkel J, et al. A randomized observer blind comparison of bilateral facial ice pack therapy with no ice therapy following third molar surgery. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2005 May;34(3):281–6. PMID: 15741037. [PubMed: 15741037]

Voelker M, Schachtel BP, Cooper SA, et al. Efficacy of disintegrating aspirin in two different models for acute mild-to-moderate pain: sore throat pain and dental pain. Inflammopharmacology. 2016 Feb;24(1):43–51. doi: 10.1007/s10787-015-0253-0. PMID: 26603742. [PMC free article: PMC4740515] [PubMed: 26603742] [CrossRef]

Walton RE, Chiappinelli J. PROPHYLACTIC PENICILLIN - EFFECT ON POSTTREATMENT SYMPTOMS FOLLOWING ROOT-CANAL TREATMENT OF ASYMPTOMATIC PERIAPICAL PATHOSIS. Journal of Endodontics. 1993 Sep;19(9):466–70. doi: 10.1016/s0099-2399(06)80535-2. PMID: WOS:A1993LW15000007. [PubMed: 8263455] [CrossRef]

Warraich R, Faisal M, Rana M, et al. Evaluation of postoperative discomfort following third molar surgery using submucosal dexamethasone - a randomized observer blind prospective study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. 2013 Jul;116(1):16–22. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.12.007. PMID: 23453611. [PubMed: 23453611] [CrossRef]

Wells LK, Drum M, Nusstein J, et al. Efficacy of ibuprofen and ibuprofen/acetaminophen on postoperative pain in symptomatic patients with a pulpal diagnosis of necrosis. Journal of endodontics. 2011;37(12):1608–12. [PubMed: 22099891]

Y US, Erdogan O, Esen E, et al. Comparison of the effects of 2 doses of methylprednisolone on pain, swelling, and trismus after third molar surgery. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology & Endodontics. 2003 Nov;96(5):535–9. PMID: 14600686. [PubMed: 14600686]

Yagoubian B, Akkara J, Afzali P, et al. Nicotine nasal spray as an adjuvant analgesic for third molar surgery. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011 May;69(5):1316–9. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.07.025. PMID: 21256649. [PubMed: 21256649] [CrossRef]

Zarrabi. 2003.

Zarrabi M, Ghaziani P, Salarpoor M. Clinical evaluation of different medicament on postoperative endodontic pain in necrotic teeth. J Dental School. 2007;25(2):171–84.

Zerener T, Aydintug YS, Sencimen M, et al. Clinical comparison of submucosal injection of dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide on postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery. Quintessence International. 2015 Apr;46(4):317–26. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a33281. PMID: 25529005. [PubMed: 25529005] [CrossRef]

Ziccardi VB, Desjardins PJ, Daly-DeJoy E, et al. Single-dose vicoprofen compared with acetaminophen with codeine and placebo in patients with acute postoperative pain after third molar extractions. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2000 Jun;58(6):622–8. PMID: 10847283. [PubMed: 10847283]

Zuniga JR, Malmstrom H, Noveck RJ, et al. Controlled phase III clinical trial of diclofenac potassium liquid-filled soft gelatin capsule for treatment of postoperative dental pain. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2010 Nov;68(11):2735–42. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.05.075. PMID: 20869152. [PubMed: 20869152] [CrossRef]

Fernandes IA, de Souza GM, Pinheiro MLP, et al. Intramuscular injection of dexamethasone for the control of pain, swelling, and trismus after third molar surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2018 Oct 13;13:13. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.09.014. PMID: 30327153. [PubMed: 30327153] [CrossRef]

Larsen MK, Kofod T, Christiansen AE, et al. Different Dosages of Corticosteroid and Routes of Administration in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: a Systematic Review. Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research. 2018 Apr-Jun;9(2):e1. doi: 10.5037/jomr.2018.9201. PMID: 30116513. [PMC free article: PMC6090248] [PubMed: 30116513] [CrossRef]

Nath R, Daneshmand A, Sizemore D, et al. Efficacy of corticosteroids for postoperative endodontic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dental Anesthesia & Pain Medicine. 2018 Aug;18(4):205–21. doi: 10.17245/jdapm.2018.18.4.205. PMID: 30186968. [PMC free article: PMC6115367] [PubMed: 30186968] [CrossRef]

Nogueira BML, Silva LG, Mesquita CRM, et al. Is the Use of Dexamethasone Effective in Controlling Pain Associated with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis? A Systematic Review. Journal of Endodontics. 2018 May;44(5):703–10. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.02.006. PMID: 29571913. [PubMed: 29571913] [CrossRef]

Shamszadeh S, Shirvani A, Eghbal MJ, et al. Efficacy of Corticosteroids on Postoperative Endodontic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Endodontics. 2018 Jul;44(7):1057–65. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.03.010. PMID: 29709296. [PubMed: 29709296] [CrossRef]

Suneelkumar C, Subha A, Gogala D. Effect of Preoperative Corticosteroids in Patients with Symptomatic Pulpitis on Postoperative Pain after Single-visit Root Canal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Endodontics. 2018 Sep;44(9):1347–54. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.015. PMID: 30054100. [PubMed: 30054100] [CrossRef]

Chen Q, Chen J, Hu B, et al. Submucosal injection of dexamethasone reduces postoperative discomfort after third-molar extraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Dental Association. 2017 02;148(2):81–91. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.09.014. PMID: 27816069. [PubMed: 27816069] [CrossRef]

Falci SGM, Lima TC, Martins CC, et al. Preemptive Effect of Dexamethasone in Third-Molar Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. Anesthesia Progress. 2017 2017;64(3):136–43. doi: 10.2344/anpr-64-05-08. PMID: 28858550. [PMC free article: PMC5579814] [PubMed: 28858550] [CrossRef]

Shirvani A, Shamszadeh S, Eghbal MJ, et al. The efficacy of non-narcotic analgesics on post-operative endodontic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis: The efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or paracetamol on post-operative endodontic pain. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2017 Sep;44(9):709–21. doi: 10.1111/joor.12519. PMID: 28449307. [PubMed: 28449307] [CrossRef]

Smith EA, Marshall JG, Selph SS, et al. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Managing Postoperative Endodontic Pain in Patients Who Present with Preoperative Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Endodontics. 2017 Jan;43(1):7–15. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.010. PMID: 27939729. [PubMed: 27939729] [CrossRef]

Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC, Donaldson M, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for analgesic efficacy to treat pain of endodontic origin: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Dental Association. 2016 10;147(10):826–39. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.05.010. PMID: 27475974. [PubMed: 27475974] [CrossRef]

Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC. Evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic usage to treat endodontic infections and pain: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Dental Association. 2016 Mar;147(3):186–91. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.11.002. PMID: 26724957. [PubMed: 26724957] [CrossRef]

Ashley PF, Parekh S, Moles DR, et al. Preoperative analgesics for additional pain relief in children and adolescents having dental treatment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 Aug 08(8):CD008392. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008392.pub3. PMID: 27501304. [PMC free article: PMC8568367] [PubMed: 27501304] [CrossRef]

Bates AS, Knepil GJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of hilotherapy following oral and maxillofacial surgery. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2016 Jan;45(1):110–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.983. PMID: 26362489. [PubMed: 26362489] [CrossRef]

Moraschini V, Hidalgo R, Porto Barboza E. Effect of submucosal injection of dexamethasone after third molar surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. 2016 Feb;45(2):232–40. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.09.008. PMID: 26458538. [PubMed: 26458538] [CrossRef]

Costa FW, Esses DF, de Barros Silva PG, et al. Does the Preemptive Use of Oral Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Reduce Postoperative Pain in Surgical Removal of Third Molars? A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Anesthesia Progress. 2015;62(2):57–63. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-62.2.57. PMID: 26061574. [PMC free article: PMC4462701] [PubMed: 26061574] [CrossRef]

Bailey E, Worthington H, Coulthard P. Ibuprofen and/or paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain relief after surgical removal of lower wisdom teeth, a Cochrane systematic review. British Dental Journal. 2014 Apr;216(8):451–5. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.330. PMID: 24762895. [PubMed: 24762895] [CrossRef]