Table E-3, Quality of life results (calculated net differences for statistically significant results) - Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update

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Balk E, Adam GP, Kimmel H, et al. Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 Aug. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 212.)

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Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].

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Table E-3Quality of life results (calculated net differences for statistically significant results)

Intervention category	Intervention specific	Comparator category	Comparator specific	Scale name	N Analyzed	P (Net)	Favors	Net Difference (95% CI)	Scale Range	Higher/Lower Better
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training, TENS	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT	Quality of life incontinence impact questionnaire	145	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training, TENS	Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training	Quality of life Urogenital distress inventory	145	<0.05	education, PFMT, bladder training, TENS	0.4443748 (0.114725, 0.7740246)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training, TENS	Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training	Short incontinence impact questionnaire 7	145	<0.05	education, PFMT, bladder training, TENS	0.5290598 (0.1977349, 0.8603848)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training, TENS	Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training	Short Urogenital distress inventory 16	145	<0.05	education, PFMT, bladder training, TENS	0.9749671 (0.6303161, 1.319618)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training, TENS	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Urinary incontinence does not restrict daily activities	118	0.029	education, PFMT, bladder training, TENS	2.32 (1.09, 4.94)	0–1	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Sham/no treatment	control	Visual analog scale based social activity index: 0 = can not undertake any social activity, 10- does not have any problem.	30	<0.05	TENS, PFMT	6.067799 (4.306591, 7.829007)	0–10	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Sham/no treatment	control	Visual analog scale based social activity index: 0 = can not undertake any social activity, 10- does not have any problem.	30	<0.05	TENS, PFMT	3.730636 (2.493327, 4.967946)	0–10	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	problem with sex-life spoilt by urinary symptoms	59	0.021	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	4.83 (1.26, 18.47)
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	Problems because of avoiding places and situations	59	0.021	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	4.83 (1.26, 18.47)
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	sex-life spoilt by urinary symptoms	59	0.021	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	4.83 (1.26, 18.47)
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	Problems with interference with social life	59	0.022	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	11.6 (1.42, 95)
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	unsatisfied if you had to spend the rest of your life with symptoms as now	59	0.028	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	10.63 (1.28, 87.69)
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	overall interference with life	59	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	Problem with interference with physical activity	59	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	problem with pain in intercourse	59	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	Quality of Life Scale	59	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Anxiety	103	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Depression	103	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Global Severity	103	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Hostility	103	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Interpersonal Sensitivity	103	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Obsessive-Compulsive	103	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Paranoid Ideation	103	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Phobia	103	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Psychoticism	103	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Somatization	103	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	Anxiety	98	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	Depression	98	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	Global Severity	98	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	Hostility	98	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	Interpersonal Sensitivity	98	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	Obsessive-Compulsive	98	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	Paranoid Ideation	98	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	Phobia	98	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	Psychoticism	98	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Anxiety	109	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Depression	109	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Global Severity	109	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Hostility	109	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Interpersonal Sensitivity	109	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Obsessive-Compulsive	109	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Paranoid Ideation	109	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Phobia	109	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Psychoticism	109	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Somatization	109	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	Somatization	98	NS
Medication: other	duloxetine	Sham/no treatment	control	Emotions	2758	0.001	duloxetine	4.41 (2.68, 6.14)	0–100	Lower
Medication: other	duloxetine	Sham/no treatment	control	Incontinence impact	2758	0.001	duloxetine	4.44 (2.35, 6.52)	0–100	Lower
Medication: other	duloxetine	Sham/no treatment	control	Physical/social limitations	2758	0.001	duloxetine	5.18 (3.49, 6.87)	0–100	Lower
Medication: other	duloxetine	Sham/no treatment	control	Role limitations	2758	0.001	duloxetine	5.56 (3.49, 7.63)	0–100	Lower
Medication: other	duloxetine	Sham/no treatment	control	Severity	2758	0.001	duloxetine	4.07 (2.69, 5.45)	0–100	Lower
Medication: other	duloxetine	Sham/no treatment	control	Total score:KHQ	2758	0.001	duloxetine	3.4 (2.32, 4.48)	0–100	Lower
Medication: other	duloxetine	Sham/no treatment	control	Personal relationships	2758	0.015	duloxetine	1.99 (0.39, 3.59)	0–100	Lower
Medication: other	duloxetine	Sham/no treatment	control	General health perception	2758	NS
Medication: other	duloxetine	Sham/no treatment	control	Sleep/energy	2758	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	I-QoL	72	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	I-QoL	72	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	I-QoL	72	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Urinary incontinence does not restrict daily activities	122	0.002	PFMT, biofeedback	3.37 (1.55, 7.31)
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	IQoL questionnaire	60	0.001	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	−25.8 (−37.01, −14.59)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: IIQ-R (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Revised) DI+-GSI immediately after treatment	135	0.001	bladder training, PFMT	49.4 (26.43, 72.37)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: UDI (Urogenital Distress Inventory): GSI (Genuine stress incontinence) immediately after treatment	135	0.001	bladder training, PFMT	36 (18.33, 53.67)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: UDI overall (Urogenital Distress Inventory) overall immediately after treatment	135	0.001	bladder training, PFMT	31.1 (13.53, 48.67)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: UDI (Urogenital Distress Inventory): DI (Detrusor instability)±GSI (Genuine stress incontinence) immediately after treatment	135	0.033	bladder training, PFMT	19.2 (1.57, 36.83)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: IIQ-R overall (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Revised) immediately after treatment	135	0.037	bladder training, PFMT	25.5 (1.5, 49.49)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life 3 months after treatment	135	NS
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: IIQ-R (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Revised): GSI immediately after treatment	135	NS
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Quality of life 3 months after treatment	136	NS
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Quality of life: IIQ-R (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Revised): GSI immediately after treatment	136	NS
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Quality of life: IIQ-R overall (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Revised) immediately after treatment	136	NS
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Quality of life: IIQ-R (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Revised) DI+-GSI immediately after treatment	136	0.001	bladder training, PFMT	58.1 (37.24, 78.96)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Quality of life: UDI (Urogenital Distress Inventory): DI (Detrusor instability) ± GSI (Genuine stress incontinence) immediately after treatment	136	0.001	bladder training, PFMT	47.2 (26.66, 67.74)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Quality of life: UDI overall (Urogenital Distress Inventory) overall immediately after treatment	136	0.003	bladder training, PFMT	26.4 (9.32, 43.48)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Quality of life: UDI (Urogenital Distress Inventory): GSI (Genuine stress incontinence) immediately after treatment	136	0.02	bladder training, PFMT	18 (2.87, 33.13)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	IQoL questionnaire	61	0.001	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	−24.6 (−36.6, −12.59)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Sham/no treatment	control	IQoL questionnaire	57	0.001	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	−25.1 (−37.16, −13.04)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder support	Sham/no treatment	control	CONTILIFE total	46	0.023	75NC007 intravaginal device	0.8 (0.1, 1.5)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder support	Sham/no treatment	control	CONTILIFE emotional consequences	46	0.036	75NC007 intravaginal device	−2.9 (−5.6, −0.2)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT	UDI-6	108	0.001	BT + PFMT	18.8 (15.8, 21.8)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT	IIQ-7	108	0.005	BT + PFMT	16.7 (13.6, 19.8)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	IQoL	81	NS
Behavioral Therapy	bladder support	Sham/no treatment	control	CONTILIFE Sexuality	46	NS
Neuromodulation	InterStim	Neuromodulation	InterStim	UDI	30	0.167		−5.58 (−13.493, 2.333)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	InterStim	Neuromodulation	InterStim	UIIQ	30	0.307		−5.58 (−16.292, 5.132)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	InterStim	Neuromodulation	InterStim	UIIQ	32	NS
Neuromodulation	InterStim	Neuromodulation	InterStim	UDI	32	NS
Behavioral Therapy	bladder support	Sham/no treatment	control	CONTILIFE overal QoL	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	bladder support	Sham/no treatment	control	CONTILIFE self-image	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	bladder support	Sham/no treatment	control	CONTILIFE effort	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	bladder support	Sham/no treatment	control	CONTILIFE daily activities	46	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	33	0.005	IVES	−33.88 (−57.546, −10.214)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	33	0.007	IVES	−39.44 (−68.145, −10.735)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	33	0.014	IVES	−17.92 (−32.187,−3.653)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	33	0.048	IVES	−21.67 (−43.177, −0.163)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	33	0.122		−18.70 (−42.422, 5.022)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	electroacupuncture	Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Stress incontinence index and quality of life index		42	<0.01	electrical pudendal nerve stimulation		lower
Neuromodulation	electroacupuncture	Neuromodulation	TENS	urgency incontinence index	120	0.035	electrical pudendal nerve stimulation		0–8	lower
Neuromodulation	electroacupuncture	Neuromodulation	TENS	quality of life index	120		electrical pudendal nerve stimulation		0–16	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	IQoL questionnaire	57	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	33	0.266		−14.44 (−39.907, 11.027)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Satisfaction	48	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	33	<0.001	IVES	−62.78 (−86.025, −39.535)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	33	<0.001	IVES	−52.6 (−74.992, −30.208)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	33	<0.001	IVES	−48.00 (−64.106, −31.894)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	32	0.003	IVES	−39.44 (−65.009, −13.871)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	KHQ	88	NS
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	KHQ	88	NS
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	KHQ	88	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Marked Improvement	21	0.91		NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Score	42	<0.001	EPNS	8.00 (6.488, 9.512)		lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Complete Resolution	21	<0.01	EPNS	NS		lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Improvement	21	NS		NS
Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	discomfort due to fluid intake restriction	60	0.035	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	−0.3 (−0.58, −0.02)	0–5	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	problems on daily tasks	60	0.035	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	−0.3 (−0.58, −0.022)	0–5	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	avoidance of places& situations	60	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	changing overwear	60	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	discomfort due to avoidance of places & situations	60	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	discomfort due to incontinence	60	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	interference in physical activity	60	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	interference in relations with other people	60	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	32	0.007	IVES	−32.60 (−56.127, −9.073)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	32	0.03	IVES	−31.66 (−60.199, −3.121)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	32	0.064		−27.77 (−57.164, 1.624)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	32	0.103		−12.78 (−28.149, 2.589)	0–100	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic & Hormonal Therapy	fesoterodine, vaginal estrogen	Medication: Anticholinergic	fesoterodine	OAB-Q SF	18	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic & Hormonal Therapy	fesoterodine, vaginal estrogen	Medication: Anticholinergic	fesoterodine	SQOL-F	18	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	32	0.177		−12.92 (−31.676, 5.836)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	32	0.234		−13.89 (−36.780, 9.000)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	32	<0.001	IVES	−53.90 (−76.640, −31.160)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	32	<0.001	IVES	−40.79 (−58.686, −22.894)	0–100	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	UDI score	253	0.014	oxybutynin	15.9 (6.4, 3.28)	0–100	Lower
Periurethral bulking	macroplastique	Sham/no treatment	control	I-QOL improvement	196	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	I-QOL score	70	0.001	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	11.9 (9.86, 13.94)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ score	70	0.001	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	−3.9 (−5.755, −2.04)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	45	0.002	Group PFMT	32.2 (12.2, 52.2)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	45	0.017	Group PFMT	17.9 (3.1, 32.6)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	final physical limitations	60	0.041	individual PFMT	6.2 (0.26, 12.14)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	final physical activities limitations	60	0.045	individual PFMT	7.3 (0.15, 14.45)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	final emotions	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	final general health	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	final gravity	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	final incontinence impact	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	final personal relationships	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	final sleep/disposition	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	final social limitations	60	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	fesoterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	OABq	604	<0.001	fesoterodine	−5.1 (−7.8, −2.4)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	fesoterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	OBQ	604	<0.001	fesoterodine	−5.58 (−8.01, −3.16)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	fesoterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Patient perception of bladder condition		604	<0.001	fesoterodine	−0.5 (−0.69, −0.32)	0–100
Medication: Anticholinergic	fesoterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Patient perception of urgency scale		604	<0.001	fesoterodine	−0.21 (−0.12, −0.3)	0–100
Behavioral Therapy	yoga	Sham/no treatment	control	UDI-6	18	0.004	Yoga	−0.9 (−1.4, −0.3)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	yoga	Sham/no treatment	control	PPBC	18	NS
Behavioral Therapy	yoga	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ-7	18	NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Avoiding activity due to needing a toilet: Never	62	0.021	TENS, PFMT	3.66 (1.22, 10.96)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Avoiding activities due to worrying about leaking: Never	62	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Ditrovie scale	34	0.015	Home + supervised exercise	−0.6 (−1.1, −0.1)	10–50	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Ditrovie scale	34	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Ditrovie scale	34	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Ditrovie scale	34	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Ditrovie scale	34	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Ditrovie scale	34	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	social activity index	34	0.003	home exercise + perineal EMG biofeedback	1.23	0–10	higher
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	social activity index	34	0.015	home exercise + intravaginal biofeedback	1.77	0–10	higher
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	IIQ-7	34	0.029	home exercise + intravaginal biofeedback	−3.71	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	IIQ-8	34	0.038	home exercise + perineal EMG biofeedback	−3.59	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	social activity index	34	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	IIQ-9	34	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	sexual quality	88	0.03	Home practice PFME + Telephone check-ups	0.52 (0.29, 0.95)
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	holidays/recreation	88	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	interests/hobbies	88	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	sexual life	88	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	smell of urine	88	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	social activities	88	NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Avoiding activities due to worrying about leaking: Often	62	NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Avoiding activities due to worrying about leaking: Sometimes	62	NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Avoiding activity due to needing a toilet: Often	62	NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Avoiding activity due to needing a toilet: Sometimes	62	NS
Medication: bladder botox	botox	Sham/no treatment	control	UDI-6	21	NS
Medication: bladder botox	botox	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ-7	21	NS
Medication: bladder botox	botox	Sham/no treatment	control	IIUS	21	NS
Medication: bladder botox	botox	Sham/no treatment	control	PPBC	21	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ)	27	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI)	27	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	quality of life	224	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ score	164	0.001	education, PFMT, bladder training	6.97 (6.64, 7.29)	0–300	Lower
Periurethral bulking	Bulkamide	Periurethral bulking	Contigen	No Change	188	0.2019		NS
Periurethral bulking	Bulkamide	Periurethral bulking	Contigen	ICIQ-UI-SF	303	NS
Periurethral bulking	Bulkamide	Periurethral bulking	Contigen	I-QOL	303	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ score	164	0.001	education, PFMT, bladder training	1.97 (1.66, 2.28)	0–300	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	Improvement in urinary incontinence	66	0.001	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	−85 (−96.48, −73.52)	0–100	Higher
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	Improvement in psychological impact of urinary incontinence	66	0.001	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	−70 (−79.46, −60.54)	0–100	Higher
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	Improvement in restrictions of activities	66	0.001	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	−67 (−76.94, −57.06)	0–100	Higher
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-UI-SF	43	0.002	PMS + additional PMS	−3.34 (−5.5, −1.18)	0–21	lower
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-UI-SF	52	0.019	PMS + additional PMS	−1.51 (−2.78, −0.24)	0–21	lower
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-LUTSqol	54	0.044	PMS + additional PMS	−5.28 (−10.69, 0.13)	19–76	lower
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-LUTSqol	35	<0.001	PMS + additional PMS	−2.5 (−3.86, −1.14)	19–76	lower
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-UI-SF	43	0.001	PMS + no additional PMS	−3.67 (−5.76, −1.58)	0–21	lower
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-LUTSqol	54	0.001	PMS + no additional PMS	−9.05 (−14.27, −3.83)	19–76	lower
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-UI-SF	52	<0.001	PMS + no additional PMS	−2.48 (−3.71, −1.25)	0–21	lower
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-LUTSqol	35	<0.001	PMS + no additional PMS	−2.32 (−3.63, −1.01)	19–76	lower
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	difficulty with sexual activity	338	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	frequency of sexual activity	338	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	level of sexual desire	338	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	overall sexual satisfaction	338	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	urine leakage during sex	338	NS
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-UI-SF	120	0.002	magnetic stimulation	−3.03 (−4.34, −1.72)	0–21	lower
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-LUTSqol	35	0.002	sham + additional PMS	−1.78 (−3.08, −0.48)	19–76	lower
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-LUTSqol	54	0.004	sham + additional PMS	−7.02 (−12.18, −1.86)	19–76	lower
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-UI-SF	52	0.027	sham + additional PMS	−1.32 (−2.53, −0.11)	0–21	lower
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-UI-SF	43	0.027	sham + additional PMS	−2.17 (−4.24, −0.1)	0–21	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-12	161	<0.01	HPES	11.3	0–100	Higher
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	HADS	161	<0.01	HPES	−2.8	0–21	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	HADS	161	<0.01	HPES	−1.4	0–21	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	QoLQ score	41	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-12	161	<0.05	HPES	5.8	0–100	Higher
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	HADS	161	<0.05	HPES	−1.2	0–21	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	Ditrovie	161	<0.05	HPES	−3.8 (−6.09, −1.50)	10–50	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-12	161	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-12	161	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-12	161	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-12	161	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-12	161	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-12	161	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	emotions, 1 MONTH (T3)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	emotions, 1 WEEK (T2)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	general health perception, 1 MONTH (T3)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	general health perception, 1 WEEK (T2)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	incontinence impact, 1 MONTH (T3)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	incontinence impact, 1 WEEK (T2)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	personal relationships, 1 MONTH (T3)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	personal relationships, 1 WEEK (T2)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	physical limitation, 1 MONTH (T3)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	physical limitation, 1 WEEK (T2)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	role limitation, 1 MONTH (T3)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	role limitation, 1 WEEK (T2)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	SEAPI-QMM, 1 MONTH (T3)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	SEAPI-QMM, 1 WEEK (T2)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	sleep/energy, 1 MONTH (T3)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	sleep/energy, 1 WEEK (T2)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	social limitation, 1 MONTH (T3)	20	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	social limitation, 1 WEEK (T2)	20	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	Sham/no treatment	control	OABq	178	0.0003	pregabalin	−6.0 (−8.8, −3.1)
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	Sham/no treatment	control	OABq-SF	178	<0.0001	pregabalin	6.2 (3.5, 8.8)
Behavioral Therapy	bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Self reported Bothersomeness of urinary incontinence	108	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	embarrassment	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	embarrassment	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	MBSR (mindfulness based stress reduction)	Behavioral Therapy	yoga	OABq-SF	15	0.18	MBSR (mindfulness based stress reduction)	−49.49 (−77.78, 0.00)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	MBSR (mindfulness based stress reduction)	Behavioral Therapy	yoga	HRQL	15	0.34	MBSR (mindfulness based stress reduction)	30.61 (0.00, 50.00)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	MBSR (mindfulness based stress reduction)	Behavioral Therapy	yoga	OAB-HRQL	30	NS
Behavioral Therapy	MBSR (mindfulness based stress reduction)	Behavioral Therapy	yoga	OABq-SF	30	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	emotional	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	emotional	45	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Neuromodulation	InterStim	OBQ-SF	364	0.002	onabotulinumtoxinA	8.1 (3.0, 13.3)	0–100	Higher
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Neuromodulation	InterStim	OBQ-SF	364	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	EQ-5D	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	EQ-5D	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ (impact) mobility	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ (impact) mobility	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	pain/discomfort	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	pain/discomfort	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	physical	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	physical	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	prolapse	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	prolapse	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	social	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	social	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	UDI (bother) incontinence	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	UDI (bother) incontinence	45	NS
Neuromodulation	electroacupuncture	Sham/no treatment	control	B-SAQ	22	0.029	PTNS	−2 (−3.8, −0.2)	0–12	Lower
Neuromodulation	electroacupuncture	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ1-SF	22	NS
Neuromodulation	electroacupuncture	Sham/no treatment	control	B-SAQ	22	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ	157	<0.001	Solifenacin	−10.6 (−13.4, −7.9)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Sham/no treatment	control	UDI	157	<0.001	Solifenacin	−7.4 (−9.6, −5.1)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-q	16	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-q	16	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-q	16	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-q	16	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	0.045	Group PFMT	−22.4 (−44.2, −0.50)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	0.004	Individual PFMT	−25.4 (−42.5, −8.2)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	0.01	Individual PFMT	−31.2 (−55.0, −7.40)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	0.045	Individual PFMT	−20.7 (−41, −0.4)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	45	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	14	0.001	surface electrical stimulation	−38.1 (−60.5, −15.6)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	7	0.001	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	−38.05 (−60.499, −15.601)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	14	0.016	surface electrical stimulation	−38.1 (−69.1, −7.1)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	7	0.016	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	−38.09 (−69.056, −7.124)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	7	0.65		3.57 (−11.843, 18.9983)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	14	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	26	0.03	Pelvic floor muscle training	−12.95	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	26	NS			0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	26	NS			0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	28	0.03	vaginal cones	−49.85	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	28	NS			0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	28	NS			0–100	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Improvement:UPS score from baseline to week 12	413	0.013	Tolterodine	1.69 (1.12, 2.56)	1–4	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Concern domain of the HRQL scale	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	−10.3 (−10.64, −9.96)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Coping domain of the HRQL scale	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	−8.9 (−9.21, −8.59)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Emotional Health domain of the IIQ instrument	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	6.4 (6.11, 6.69)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Improved scores from baseline to week 12 on the OAB-q Symptom Bother scale	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	6.9 (6.57, 7.23)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Physical actitvity domain of the IIQ instrument: change from baseline to week 12	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	1.8 (1.49, 2.11)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Sleep domain of the HRQL scale	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	−5.9 (−6.25, −5.55)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Social intervention domain of the HRQL scale	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	−3.7 (−3.92, −3.48)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Social relationships domain of the IIQ instrument: change from baseline to week 14	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	2.7 (2.44, 2.96)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Total HRQL score	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	−7.8 (−8.08, −7.52)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Total IIQ score:change from baseline to week 12	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	12.4 (11.29, 13.5)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Travel domain of the IIQ instrument: change from baseline to week 13	413	0.001	tolterodine-ER	0.8 (0.43, 1.17)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Sham/no treatment	control	Improvement:UPS score from baseline to week 12	413	0.013	tolterodine-ER	1.69 (1.12, 2.56)	0–100	Lower
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	PGA	55
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-PSTQ	55	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-PSTQ	55	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	PGA	50
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-PSTQ	50	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-PSTQ	50	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	PGA	52
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-PSTQ	52	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-PSTQ	52	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	PGA	55
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-PSTQ	55	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-PSTQ	55	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	PGA
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	IIQ-7	90	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	UDI-6	90	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Medication: Anticholinergic	trospium	IIQ-7	90	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Medication: Anticholinergic	trospium	UDI-6	90	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-PSTQ	56	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-PSTQ	56	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	I-QOL	55	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA	15	0–100	lower
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	55	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA		0–100	lower
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA	5.5	0–100	higher
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Medication: Hormonal Therapy	vaginal estrogen	IIQ-7 score	59	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Medication: Hormonal Therapy	vaginal estrogen	UDI-6 score	59	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	mean reduction in the IIQ	254	0.033	oxybutynin 3.9mg	−20.9 (−40.14, −1.66)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	I-QOL overall score	240	0.001	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	−19.8 (−24.58, −15.02)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	mean I-QOL improvement	240	0.014	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	−1 (−1.79, −0.2)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Change in Incontinence Impact Questionnaire score (400 with poorer perceived quality of life)	44	NS
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	daily life	120	0.001	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	0.15 (0.1, 0.19)
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	difficulty in personal relationships	120	0.001	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	0.23 (0.19, 0.27)
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	quality of life	120	0.001	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	−0.15 (−0.19, −0.1)
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	sexual life	120	0.001	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	0.08 (0.03, 0.13)
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Changes in scores: Avoiding places due to urinary incontinence	120	<0.05	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	−1.102793 (−1.487298, −0.7182874)
Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Changes in scores: Restriction in exercise due to incontinence	120	<0.05	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	−1.313749 (−1.708898, −0.9186008)
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT	Change from baseline in quality of life-avoidance, limiting behaviors scores (8 items)	63	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT	Change from baseline in quality of life-avoidance, social embarrassment scores (5 items)	63	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT	I-QOL psychosocial impact score	63	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT	I-QOL total score	63	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	I-QOL	50	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA	17.3	0–100	lower
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	50	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA		0–100	lower
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	50	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	50	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	50	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	50	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	50	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	50	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	50	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	modified Oxford scale	159	0.044	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	0.33 (0.01, 0.65)
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	median (interquartile range) impact score	159	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	mild or no problem	159	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	median (interquartile range) impact score	106	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	mild or no problem	106	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	modified Oxford scale	106	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	IQoL questionnaire	61	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	50	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	I-QOL	52	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA	19.2	0–100	lower
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	52	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA		0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	IQoL questionnaire	61	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	52	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA	10.6	0–100	higher
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	52	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	52	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: UDI (Urogenital Distress Inventory): DI (Detrusor instability) ± GSI (Genuine stress incontinence) immediately after treatment	137	0.01	bladder training, PFMT	−28 (−49.32, −6.68)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: IIQ-R (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Revised): GSI immediately after treatment	137	0.016	bladder training, PFMT	24.9 (4.79, 45.01)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: UDI (Urogenital Distress Inventory): GSI (Genuine stress incontinence) immediately after treatment	137	0.028	bladder training, PFMT	18 (1.94, 34.06)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life 3 months after treatment	137	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: IIQ-R (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Revised) DI+-GSI immediately after treatment	137	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: IIQ-R overall (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Revised) immediately after treatment	137	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Quality of life: UDI overall (Urogenital Distress Inventory) overall immediately after treatment	137	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	ICIQ-FLUTS	40	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	52	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	concern	87	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	coping	87	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	health related QoL score	87	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	sleep	87	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	social	87	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	IQoL	81	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	IQoL	81	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	33	0.001	stablization exercise	−22.9 (−36.4, −9.4)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	33	0.002	stablization exercise	−17.9 (−29.5, −6.3)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	33	0.002	stablization exercise	−35.4 (−58.1, −12.7)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	33	0.004	stablization exercise	−28.3 (−47.3, −9.3)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	33	0.02	stablization exercise	−23.4 (−43.7, −3.1)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	33	0.048	stablization exercise	−17.9 (−35.6, −0.2)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	IIQ-7	32	<0.001	PFMT	−33.6 (−48.4, −18.8)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	UDI-6	32	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	ICIQ-FLUTS	19	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	ICIQ-UI-SF	19	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	ICIQ-LUTSqol	19	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	33	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	33	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	33	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	52	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	52	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	52	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	52	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	0.001	onabotulinumtoxinA	9.7	0–100	higher
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	0.01	onabotulinumtoxinA	6.1	0–100	higher
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	0.02	onabotulinumtoxinA	8.4	0–100	higher
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	I-QOL	55	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA	21.8	0–100	lower
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	55	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA		0–100	lower
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	<0.05	onabotulinumtoxinA	9.1	0–100	higher
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	55	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	I-QOL	56	NS			0–100	lower
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	56	NS			0–100	lower
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	56	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	ICIQ-SF	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	ICIQ-SF	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	ICIQ-SF	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	ICIQ-SF	46	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	IQOL	61	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	IQOL	61	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	IQOL	61	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	IQOL	61	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback, TENS	Behavioral Therapy	TENS, PFMT, biofeedback, vaginal estrogen	IIQ-7	69	<0.001	PFMT + ES + biofeedback + intravaginal estriol	−7.8 (−9.6, −6)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	22	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	22	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	22	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	22	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	22	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	22	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	22	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	22	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	KHQ	22	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	ICIQ-UI-SF	65	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	education	UDI	48	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	education	IIQ	48	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	ICIQ-UI-SF	60	<0.001	Physiotherapy + PFMT	−2.9 (−3.1, −2.8)	0–21	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	IIQ	27	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	UDI	27	NS
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	ICIQ-UI-SF	52	NS
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	ICIQ-UI-SF	43	NS
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	ICIQ-LUTSqol	35	NS
Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	Neuromodulation	magnetic stimulation	ICIQ-LUTSqol	54	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	56	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	56	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	56	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	56	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	56	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	56	NS
Medication: bladder botox	Botox	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36	56	NS
Other	intravessical pressure release	Sham/no treatment	control	IQOL	115	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	OABq	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	OABq-SF	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	OABq	178	0.002	pregabalin	−5.1 (−7.9, −2.2)
Medication: Anticholinergic	Pregabalin	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	OABq-SF	178	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-LUTSqol	123	0.005	PFMT	−4.6	19–76	lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-UI-SF	123	<0.001	PFMT	−3.3	0–21	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	OABq	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	OABq-SF	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	OABq	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	OABq-SF	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	OABq	178	0.024	pregabalin + tolterodine ED	−3.5 (−6.5, −0.6)
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	OABq-SF	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	OABq	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	OABq-SF	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	OABq	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	OABq-SF	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	OABq	178	0.005	pregabalin + tolterodine ER	−4.6 (−7.4, −1.7)
Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	OABq-SF	178	0.012	pregabalin + tolterodine ER	3.6 (1.0, 6.3)
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	352	0.0003	oxybutinin topical gel	graphical data only - can pull from digitizer	0–100	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ	352	0.0005	oxybutinin topical gel	graphical data only - can pull from digitizer	0–300	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	352	0.002	oxybutinin topical gel	graphical data only - can pull from digitizer	0–100	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ	352	0.0021	oxybutinin topical gel	graphical data only - can pull from digitizer	0–300	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	352	0.0021	oxybutinin topical gel	graphical data only - can pull from digitizer	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	KHQ	31	0.089		20.00 (−3.079, 43.079)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	KHQ	31	0.288		8.89 (−7.502, 25.282)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	KHQ	31	0.299		−13.33 (−38.488, 11.828)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	KHQ	31	0.377		8.88 (−10.807, 28.567)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	KHQ	31	0.382		7.21 (−8.968, 23.388)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	KHQ	31	0.575		5.0 (−12.483, 22.483)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	KHQ	31	0.667		4.81 (−17.133, 26.753)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	KHQ	31	0.861		2.22 (−22.591, 27.031)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	KHQ	31	1		0.00 (−23.766, 23.766)	0–100	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ	352	0.003	oxybutinin topical gel	graphical data only - can pull from digitizer	0–300	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	352	0.0044	oxybutinin topical gel	graphical data only - can pull from digitizer	0–100	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	352	0.0088	oxybutinin topical gel	graphical data only - can pull from digitizer	0–100	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	352	0.0161	oxybutinin topical gel	graphical data only - can pull from digitizer	0–100	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ	352	<0.0001	oxybutinin topical gel	graphical data only - can pull from digitizer	0–300	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	352	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	352	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	352	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	Sham/no treatment	control	KHQ	352	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ score	48	0.001	education, weight loss	−43 (−53.37, −32.63)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36 physical component	48	0.001	education, weight loss	−18 (−22.65, −13.35)		Lower
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Sham/no treatment	control	UDI score	48	0.001	education, weight loss	−36 (−42.12, −29.88)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Sham/no treatment	control	SF-36 mental component score	48	0.003	education, weight loss	3.33 (1.18, 5.47)		Lower
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	discomfort due to fluid intake restriction	60	0.035	TENS, PFMT	−0.3 (−0.58, −0.02)
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	problems on daily tasks	60	0.035	TENS, PFMT	−0.3 (−0.58, −0.02)
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Discomfort due to incontinence (/5-very serious problem)	60	<0.05	TENS, PFMT	−0.5656856 (−1.08211, −0.0492609)
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Avoidance of places and situations (/5-very serious problem)	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Discomfort due to wearing a protection (/5-very serious problem)	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	discomfort due to avoidance of places & situations	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	interference in physical activity	60	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: Anticholinergic	darifenacin	IIQ	76	0.018	solifenacin	−35.9 (−53.7, −18.1)	0–300	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: Anticholinergic	darifenacin	IIQ	76	0.02	solifenacin	−8.7 (−12.7, −4.7)	0–300	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: Anticholinergic	darifenacin	IIQ	76	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: Anticholinergic	darifenacin	IIQ	76	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: Anticholinergic	darifenacin	IIQ	76	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: Anticholinergic	darifenacin	UDI	76	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: Anticholinergic	darifenacin	UDI	76	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: Anticholinergic	darifenacin	UDI	76	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: bladder botox	Botox	OABq-SF	247	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: bladder botox	Botox	PFIQ-SF	247	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	solifenacin	Medication: bladder botox	Botox	PFDI-SF	247	NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	interference in relations with other people	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	Discomfort due to incontinence (/5-very serious problem)	60	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	trospium	Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	IIQ-7 (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form) at 18 weeks	35	0.001	TENS	−26.98 (−39.62, −14.33)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	trospium	Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) at 18 weeks	35	0.039	TENS	−5.75 (−11.18, −0.32)	0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	trospium	Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) at 6 weeks	35	NS			0–100	Lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	trospium	Neuromodulation	TENS, biofeedback	IIQ-7 (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form) at 6 weeks	35	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	BFLUTS	18	0.001	Supervised PFMT	−3.6 (−5.7, −1.4)		Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	I-QoL	44	0.045	supervised PMFE	NA (NA, NA)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	change in Brink score	24	NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	change in incontinence impact questionnaire score	28	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	Discomfort due to wearing a protection (/5-very serious problem)	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	Avoidance of places and situations (/5-very serious problem)	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	discomfort due to avoidance of places & situations	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	discomfort due to fluid intake restriction	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	interference in physical activity	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	interference in relations with other people	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	problems on daily tasks	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	UDI	42	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	IIQ	42	NS
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	I-QOL	64	<0.001	Magnetic stimulation	34.60 (25.450, 43.750)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)	Sham/no treatment	control	I-QOL	93	<0.001	electrical stimulation with surface-electromyography-assisted biofeedback	34.6 (25.45, 43.75)	0–100	higher
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	general health perceptions	24	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	IQOL: adjusted mean	174	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	mental health	24	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	physical functioning	24	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	physical functioning	24	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	role limitaiton due to physical problems	24	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	IQoL	83	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	IQoL	83	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	IQoL	82	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	IIQ-7	90	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	UDI-6	90	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	trospium	IIQ-7	90	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	trospium	UDI-6	90	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	role limitation due to emotional problems	24	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	OABq	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin	OABq-SF	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	OABq	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	OABq-SF	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	OABq	178	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	pregabalin, tolterodine	OABq-SF	178	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	role limitation due to physical problems	24	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	social functioning	24	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	vitality	24	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	U-UDI	20	<0.001	Magnetic stimulation	−2 (−2.703, −1.297)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-q	20	<0.001	Magnetic stimulation	−18.9 (−29.338, −8.462)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	OAB-q	34	0.001	magnetic stimulation	−18.9 (−30.73, −7.07)	0–100	lower
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	U-UDI	34	<0.001	magnetic stimulation	−2 (−2.79, −1.21)	0–4	lower
Medication: Hormonal Therapy	transdermal estrogen	Sham/no treatment	control	Change from baseline in Incontinence scores	186	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	BFLUTS	101	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	BFLUTS	50	0.07		NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	BFLUTS	50	0.28		NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	BFLUTS	50	0.51		NS
Behavioral Therapy & Neuromodulation	TENS, PFMT	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	Average score on international questionnaire (ICIQ-SF) after treatment	52	0.033	TENS, PFMT	2.7 (0.22, 5.18)	0–21	lower
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	IIQ-7	90	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	oxybutynin	UDI-6	90	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	IIQ-7	90	NS
Medication: Anticholinergic	tolterodine	Medication: Anticholinergic	Tolterodine	UDI-6	90	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	BFLUTS	50	0.8		NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, PFMT, bladder training	Behavioral Therapy	education	IIQ	55	<0.001	Urinary Continence Physiotherapy Programme	−6 (−7.8, −4.2)	0–300	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	mild or no problem	107	0.005	PFMT, biofeedback	0.15 (0.04, 0.56)
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	modified Oxford scale	107	0.027	PFMT, biofeedback	0.67 (0.08, 1.26)
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	median (interquartile range) impact score	107	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	IQOL	51	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	KHQ	51	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	KHQ	51	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	KHQ	51	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	KHQ	51	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	KHQ	51	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	KHQ	51	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	KHQ	51	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	KHQ	51	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	bladder training	KHQ	51	NS
Neuromodulation	Magnetic stimulation	Sham/no treatment	control	BFLUTS	50	0.8		NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	UDI-6	247	0.002	PFMT	−6.5 (−10.6, −2.4)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	PFDI-20	244	0.015	PFMT	−10.6 (−19.1, −2.1)	0–300	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Visual analogue scale (0–10)	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Visual analogue scale (0–10) Psychological distress	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Behavioral Therapy	PFMT, biofeedback	Visual analogue scale (0–10) Severity of incontinence	60	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	PFDI-20	321	0.001	weight loss	−6.5 (−16.6, 3.6)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	PFDI-20	321	0.02	weight loss	−4.3 (−11.08, 2.48)	0–100	lower
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	PFDI-20	321	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	PFDI-20	321	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	UDI-6	163	<0.001	education	1.6 (1.073, 2.127)	0–100	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	education, weight loss	Behavioral Therapy	education	POPDI-6	163	<0.001	education, weight loss	6.5 (5.705, 7.295)	0–300	Lower
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	PFIQ-7	230	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	MOS SF-12	232	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	MOS SF-12	232	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	PISQ	101	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	POPDI-6	247	NS
Behavioral Therapy	PFMT (pelvic floor muscle therapy)	Sham/no treatment	control	CRADI-8	246	NS
Behavioral Therapy	education, bladder training, PFMT	Sham/no treatment	control	Self reported quality of life measures (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ)	131	<0.05	education, PFMT, bladder training	−0.5144017 (−0.8626016, −0.1662019)	0–100	Lower
Neuromodulation	electroacupuncture	Sham/no treatment	control	ICIQ-SF	80	<0.001	electroacupuncture	4.4 (2.7, 6.1)	0–21	Lower

From: Appendix E, Quality of Life

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Balk E, Adam GP, Kimmel H, et al. Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 Aug. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 212.) Table E-3, Quality of life results (calculated net differences for statistically significant results)
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Table E-3, Quality of life results (calculated net differences for statistically...
Table E-3, Quality of life results (calculated net differences for statistically significant results) - Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update
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Table 2, Eligibility criteria - Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update
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827996[uid] AND (alive[prop]) (1)
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