Contents

• List of Contributors
• Acknowledgements
• Abbreviation List
• 1. Endothelium
  Paul Kerr, Raymond Tam, and Frances Plane.
  • Introduction
  • Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone
  • Angiogenesis
  • Haemostasis
  • Inflammation
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 2. Vascular Smooth Muscle Structure and Function
  David P Wilson.
  • Introduction
  • Smooth Muscle (Vascular) Structure
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Contractile Myofilament
  • Functional Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle: Neuronal, Hormonal, Receptor Mediated
  • Smooth Muscle Function
  • Myofilament Basis of Smooth Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
  • Ion Channels Important in the Regulation of Smooth Muscle Function
  • Endothelial Regulation of Smooth Muscle Vasodilatation
  • Smooth Muscle Proliferation and Vascular Remodelling
  • Summary
  • References
• 3. Atherosclerosis
  Gillian Cockerill and Qingbo Xu.
  • Introduction
  • Atherosclerotic Lesions
  • Hypercholesterolemia and Oxidised-LDL
  • Hypertension and Biomechanical Stress
  • Biomechanical stress-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation
  • Infections and Heat Shock Proteins
  • Immune Responses
  • Inflammation
  • Summary and Perspectives
  • References
• 4. Mechanisms of Plaque Rupture
  Ian Loftus.
  • Introduction
  • Evidence for the ‘Plaque Rupture’ Theory’
  • The Role of Individual Components of the Arterial Wall
  • The Role of Angiogenesis in Plaque Rupture
  • The Role of Infectious Agents in Plaque Rupture
  • Risk Prediction of Plaque Instability
  • Therapy Aimed at Plaque Stabilisation
  • Summary
  • References
• 5. Current and Emerging Therapies in Atheroprotection
  Stephen Nicholls and Rishi Puri.
  • Background
  • Pathology
  • Risk Factor Modification
  • Risk Factor Modification in the Diabetic Patient
  • Future Targets
  • Conclusion
  • References
• 6. Molecular Approaches to Revascularization in Peripheral Vascular Disease
  Greg S. Mcmahon and Mark J. Mccarthy.
  • Introduction
  • Mechanisms of Vascular Growth
  • Therapeutic Induction of Vascular Growth
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 7. Biology of Restenosis and Targets for Intervention
  Richard D. Kenagy.
  • Introduction
  • Mechanisms of Restenosis
  • The Contribution of Specific Factors to Restenosis
  • Targets for Intervention
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 8. Vascular Arterial Haemodynamics
  Michael MD Lawence-Brown, Kurt Liffman, James B Semmens, and Ilija D Sutalo.
  • Introduction
  • Laplace’s Law of Wall Tension
  • Newtonian Fluid
  • Non-Newtonian Fluid
  • Poiseuille Flow
  • Bernoulli’s Equation
  • Young’s Modulus and Pulsatile Flow
  • Mass Conversion
  • Reynold’s Number
  • Arterial Dissection, Collateral Circulation and Competing Flows
  • Shear Stress and Pressure
  • Forces on Graft Systems
  • Computational Modelling
  • Recent Developments and Future Directions
  • Conclusion
  • References
• 9. Physiological Haemostasis
  Simon McRae.
  • Introduction
  • Primary Haemostasis
  • Interactions between Primary and Secondary Haemostasis
  • Secondary Haemostasis
  • The Coagulation Cascade
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 10. Hypercoagulable States
  Simon McRae.
  • Introduction
  • Classification of Thrombophilia
  • Potential Detrimental Effects of Thrombophilia Testing
  • Conclusion
  • References
• 11. Platelets in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease and their Role as a Therapeutic Target
  Sandeep Prabhu, Rahul Sharma, and Karlheinz Peter.
  • Introduction
  • Platelet Function – Adhesion and Activation
  • Platelets and Atherosclerosis
  • Current and Future Anti-Platelet Agents
  • Platelet Function Testing
  • References
• 12. Pathogenesis of Aortic Aneurysms
  Jonathan Golledge, Guo-Ping Shi, and Paul Norman.
  • Introduction
  • Differences between Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
  • Summary of Current Theories and Stages of AAA Evolution
  • Atherosclerosis and AAA
  • Immune Mechanisms in AAA
  • Extracellular Matrix Dysfunction
  • Infection
  • Biomechanical Forces
  • Angiogenesis
  • Intra-Luminal Thrombus
  • Extracellular Matrix Proteolysis
  • Genetics
  • AAA Rupture
  • Future Research
  • References
• 13. Pharmacological Treatment of Aneurysms
  Matthew Thompson and Janet T Powell.
  • Background
  • Screening Programmes
  • Pathophysiology
  • Therapeutic Strategies
  • Drugs Acting on the Renin/Angiotensin Axis
  • HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitors
  • The Future – Data from Recent Experimental Studies
  • References
• 14. Pathophysiology of Aortic Dissection and Connective Tissue Disorders
  Mark Hamilton.
  • Introduction
  • Embryology of thoracic aorta and arch vessels
  • Classification of Aortic Syndromes
  • Pathogenesis of Thoracic Aortic Dissection
  • Complications of Acute Aortic Syndrome
  • Connective Tissue Disorders and Acute Aortic Syndromes
  • Summary
  • Reference List
• 15. Biomarkers in Vascular Disease
  Ian M. Nordon and Robert J. Hinchliffe.
  • Introduction
  • What is a Biomarker?
  • Types of Biomarker
  • Potential Value of Biomarkers in Vascular Disease
  • Biomarker Discovery Steps
  • AAA Biomarkers
  • Biomarkers of AAA Rupture
  • Biomarkers Following Endovascular Repair
  • Biomarkers of Carotid Plaque Stability
  • Challenges in Biomarker Discovery
  • Future Work
  • Conclusion
  • Key References
• 16. Pathophysiology and Principles of Management of Vasculitides and Raynaud’s Syndrome
  Martin Veller.
  • Vasculitides
  • Introduction
  • Classification of Vasculitides
  • Clinical Presentation of Vasculitides
  • Investigations of Vasculitides
  • Principles of Treatment of Vasculitides
  • The Vasculitides of Specific Interest to Vascular Surgeons
  • Pathophysiology and Principles of Treatment of Raynaud’s Phenomenon
  • Prognosis
  • Treatment
  • Recommendations
  • References and Suggested Reading
• 17. SIRS, Sepsis and Multiorgan Failure
  Vishwanath Biradar and John L Moran.
  • Epidemiology
  • Historical Perspective and Definition
  • Risk Factors for Sepsis
  • Pathophysiology of Sepsis
  • Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
  • Management
  • References
• 18. Pathophysiology of Reperfusion Injury
  Prue Cowled and Robert Fitridge.
  • Introduction
  • Ischaemia
  • Reperfusion
  • Tissue Destruction
  • Therapeutic Approaches to IRI
  • Summary
  • References
• 19. Compartment Syndromes
  Edward Choke, Robert Sayers, and Matthes Born.
  • Definition
  • Acute Limb Compartment Syndrome
  • Acute Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
  • References
• 20. Pathophysiology of Pain
  Stephan A. Schug, Helen C. S. Daly, and Kathryn J.D. Stannard.
  • Introduction
  • Peripheral Mechanisms
  • Spinal Cord Mechanisms
  • Pain Modulation
  • Neuropathic Pain
  • References
• 21. Post-amputation Pain
  Stephan A. Schug and Gail Gillespie.
  • Introduction
  • Classification and Incidence of Post- Amputation Pain Syndromes
  • Pathophysiology of Post- Amputation Pain Syndromes
  • Current Pathophysiological Model of Post-Amputation Pain Syndromes
  • Prevention of Post- Amputation Pain
  • Evaluation of the Patient With Post-Amputation Pain Syndromes
  • Therapy of Post-Amputation Pain Syndromes
  • Future Aims
  • References
• 22. Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
  Stephan A Schug and Kathryn JD Stannard.
  • Introduction
  • Principles of Treatment
  • Pharmacological Treatment
  • Non Pharmacological Therapy
  • References
• 23. Principles of Wound Healing
  Gregory S. Schultz, Gloria A. Chin, Lyle Moldawer, and Robert F. Diegelmann.
  • Introduction
  • Phases of Acute Wound Healing
  • Comparison of Acute and Chronic Wounds
  • From Bench to Bedside
  • Future Concepts for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds
  • Conclusion
  • References
• 24. Pathophysiology and Principles of Management of Varicose Veins
  Andrew W Bradbury.
  • Introduction
  • Anatomy
  • Histology
  • Physiology
  • Varicose Veins
  • Valvular Abnormalities
  • Muscle Pump Failure
  • Venous Recirculation
  • Recurrent Varicose Veins
  • Cellular and Molecular Biology of Varicose Veins
  • Conclusion
  • References
• 25. Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Leg Ulceration: Principles and Vascular Biology
  Michael Stacey.
  • Definitions
  • Assessment of Venous Function
  • Treatment of Venous Ulceration
  • References
• 26. Pathophysiology and Principles of Management of the Diabetic Foot
  David G. Armstrong, Timothy K. Fisher, Brian Lepow, Matthew L. White, and Joseph L. Mills.
  • Introduction
  • Pathophysiology of the Diabetic Foot
  • Diagnosis
  • Classification Systems
  • Clinical Problems and Principles of Management
  • Prevention
  • Conclusion
  • References
• 27. Lymphoedema – Principles, Genetics and Pathophysiology
  Matt Waltham.
  • Introduction
  • Classification of Lymphoedema
  • The Genetics of Lymphangiogenesis in Primary Lymphoedema
  • Structure and Development of the Lymphatic Circulation
  • Clinical Aspects of Lymphoedema
  • Summary
  • References
• 28. Graft Materials Past and Future
  Mital Desai and George Hamilton.
  • The Pathophysiology of Graft Healing
  • Physical Properties of Prosthetic Materials
  • Synthetic Grafts
  • Prosthetic Graft Modifications
  • Endothelial Cell Seeding
  • Vascular Tissue Engineering
  • Graft Materials for Aortic Endografts
  • The Future
  • References
• 29. Pathophysiology of Vascular Graft Infections
  Mauro Vicaretti.
  • Introduction
  • Natural History of Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infections
  • Mechanisms of Graft Contamination at Operation
  • Pathogenesis of Graft Infections
  • Bacteriology of Vascular Graft Infections
  • Investigations for Detection of Prosthetic Graft Infections
  • Management of Prosthetic Graft Infections
  • Established Infection
  • Conclusion
  • References