Promising Approaches to Understanding Addiction Mechanisms

Understanding the phenomenon of long-lasting vulnerability to addiction is essential to developing successful treatments. Written by a distinguished international team of contributors who are authorities in their respective fields, Advances in the Neuroscience of Addiction provides an excellent overview of the available and emerging approaches used to investigate the biologic mechanisms of drug addiction. It also delineates the promising research discoveries being made in relapse prevention.

The book begins with current animal models of addiction, which mimic the state of humans entering treatment: recently-abstinent animals that receive common triggers for relapse (classical conditioning, stress, and neuroadaptive dysregulation). Coverage then shifts to the use of electrophysiologic approaches, which enables researchers to characterize the discharge patterns of single neurons during drug self-administration. After exploring advances in voltammetry and enzyme-linked biosensors for measuring glutamate, the book discusses the theoretical background and results of neuroimaging studies related to neuronal networks that are activated by drug-specific cues. It then describes modern genetic approaches to manipulate target proteins that influence addictive behavior.

The book rounds out its coverage by illustrating how a neuroeconomic approach can inform studies of reward processing in general and addiction in particular. It is a comprehensive introduction to the methodologies of the field for students and beginning researchers and an essential reference source for established investigators.

Contents

• Series Preface
• The Editors
• Contributors
• 1. Advances in Animal Models of Relapse for Addiction Research
  Friedbert Weiss.
  • 1.1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
  • 1.2. MODELING THE INCENTIVE EFFECTS OF DRUG CUES IN DEPENDENT SUBJECTS
  • 1.3. MODELING INTERACTIONS AMONG RISK FACTORS FOR RELAPSE
  • 1.4. CONCLUDING REMARKS
  • REFERENCES
• 2. Application of Chronic Extracellular Recording Method to Studies of Cocaine Self-Administration: Method and Progress
  Laura L. Peoples, Alexai V. Kravitz, and Guillem Karine.
  • 2.1. CHAPTER OVERVIEW
  • 2.2. BASIC METHOD
  • 2.3. RATIONALE, ADVANTAGES, AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE METHOD
  • 2.4. APPLICATION OF THE METHOD: DIFFERENTIATING PHARMACOLOGICAL AND NONPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND TESTING ADDICTION HYPOTHESES
  • 2.5. FIRING PATTERNS DURING COCAINE TAKING
  • 2.6. FIRING PATTERNS DURING COCAINE SEEKING
  • 2.7. ACUTE PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SELF-ADMINISTERED COCAINE
  • 2.8. CHRONIC DRUG-INDUCED NEUROADAPTATIONS
  • 2.9. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  • 2.10. CONCLUSIONS
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • APPENDIX: DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUES
• 3. Neurochemistry of Addiction: Monitoring Essential Neurotransmitters of Addiction
  Stefan G. Sandberg and Paul A. Garris.
  • 3.1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
  • 3.2. PRINCIPLES OF VOLTAMMETRY AND MICRODIALYSIS
  • 3.3. RECENT ADVANCES IN VOLTAMMETRY
  • 3.4. RECENT ADVANCES IN MICRODIALYSIS
  • 3.5. RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOSENSORS
  • 3.6. CONCLUDING REMARKS
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
• 4. Alcohol Craving and Relapse Prediction: Imaging Studies
  Andreas Heinz, Anne Beck, Jan Mir, Sabine M. Grüsser, Anthony A. Grace, and Jana Wrase.
  • 4.1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
  • 4.2. METHODICAL APPROACHES TO STUDY NEURONAL SYSTEMS RELEVANT FOR ALCOHOL ADDICTION
  • 4.3. NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IMPLICATED IN CRAVING FOR ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS OF ABUSE
  • 4.4. BEHAVIORAL DESIGN OF STUDIES THAT MEASURE NEURONAL SYSTEMS ACTIVATED BY ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED CUES
  • 4.5. ALCOHOL CRAVING: A LEARNED RESPONSE? HOW TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF LEARNING
  • 4.6. USING IMAGING TO MAKE CLINICAL DIAGNOSES
  • 4.7. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
  • Acknowledgment
  • REFERENCES
• 5. Integrating Behavioral and Molecular Approaches in Mouse: Self-Administration Studies
  Danielle L. Graham; David W. Self.
  • 5.1. INTRODUCTION
  • 5.2. DISSOCIATION OF DRUG-TAKING AND DRUG-SEEKING BEHAVIORS USING SELF-ADMINISTRATION MODELS
  • 5.3. INFLUENCE OF GENETIC BACKGROUND ON DRUG SELF-ADMINISTRATION
  • 5.4. CELL-SPECIFIC TRANSGENIC EXPRESSION IN DRUG SELF-ADMINISTRATION STUDIES
  • 5.5. CELL-SPECIFIC GENETIC DELETION IN MOUSE SELF-ADMINISTRATION STUDIES
  • 5.6. CONCLUDING REMARKS
  • REFERENCES
• 6. Neuroeconomics: Implications for Understanding the Neurobiology of Addiction
  Michael L. Platt, Karli K. Watson, Benjamin Y. Hayden, Stephen V. Shepherd, and Jeffrey T. Klein.
  • 6.1. INTRODUCTION
  • 6.2. OVERVIEW OF THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF REWARD AND DECISION MAKING
  • 6.3. SOCIAL DECISION MAKING
  • 6.4. RISK AND AMBIGUITY
  • 6.5. ADDICTION AND THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF DECISION MAKING
  • 6.6. CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES

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