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Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity
IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS, No. Supplement 7
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
This Volume is an updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42.
Contents
- NOTE TO THE READER
- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
- PREAMBLE
- OVERALL EVALUATIONS OF CARCINOGENICITY
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODS
- Results And Conclusions
- SUMMARIES AND EVALUATIONS OF EVIDENCE FOR CARCINOGENICITY IN HUMANS AND IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS, AND SUMMARIES OF OTHER RELEVANT DATA, FOR AGENTS FOR WHICH THERE ARE DATA ON CARCINOGENICITY IN HUMANS
- ACETALDEHYDE (Group 2B)
- ACROLEIN (Group 3)
- ACRYLONITRILE (Group 2A)
- ACTINOMYCIN D (Group 3)
- ADRIAMYCIN (Group 2A)
- AFLATOXINS (Group 1)
- ALDRIN (Group 3)
- ALUMINIUM PRODUCTION (Group 1)
- 4-AMINOBIPHENYL (Group 1)
- AMITROLE (Group 2B)
- ANAESTHETICS, VOLATILE (Group 3)
- ANDROGENIC (ANABOLIC) STEROIDS (Group 2A)
- ANILINE (Group 3)
- ARSENIC AND ARSENIC COMPOUNDS (Group 1
- ASBESTOS (Group 1)
- ATTAPULGITE (Group 3)
- AURAMINE (TECHNICAL-GRADE) (Group 2B) and MANUFACTURE OF AURAMINE (Group 1)
- AZATHIOPRINE (Group 1)
- BENZENE (Group 1)
- BENZIDINE (Group 1)
- BENZIDINE-BASED DYES (Group 2A)
- BENZOYL CHLORIDE (Group 3)
- BERYLLIUM AND BERYLLIUM COMPOUNDS (Group 2A)
- BETEL QUID WITH TOBACCO (Group 1) and BETEL QUID WITHOUT TOBACCO (Group 3)
- N,N-BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)-2-NAPHTHYLAMINE (CHLORNAPHAZINE) (Group 1)
- BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHER AND CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER (TECHNICAL-GRADE) (Group 1)
- BITUMENS (Group 3) and EXTRACTS OF STEAM-REFINED AND AIR-REFINED BITUMENS (Group 2B)
- A. Evidence for carcinogenicity to humans (inadequate for bitumens)
- B. Evidence for carcinogenicity to animals (limited for undiluted steam-refined and cracking-residue bitumens; inadequate for undiluted air-refined bitumens; sufficient for extracts of steam-refined and air-refined bitumens)
- C. Other relevant data
- References
- BLEOMYCINS (Group 2B)
- BRACKEN FERN (Group 2B)
- 1,3-BUTADIENE (Group 2B)
- 1,4-BUTANEDIOL DIMETHANESULPHONATE (MYLERAN) (Group 1)
- CADMIUM AND CADMIUM COMPOUNDS (Group 2A)
- CARBON BLACKS (Group 3) and CARBON-BLACK EXTRACTS (Group 2B)
- CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (Group 2B)
- CHLORAMBUCIL (Group 1)
- CHLORAMPHENICOL (Group 2B)
- CHLORDANE/HEPTACHLOR (Group 3)
- α-CHLORINATED TOLUENES (Group 2B)
- CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (Group 3)
- CHLOROETHYL NITROSOUREAS: BISCHLOROETHYL NITROSOUREA (BCNU) (Group 2A) 1-(2-CHLOROETHYL)-3-CYCLOHEXYL-1-NITROSOUREA (CCNU) (Group 2A) 1-(2-CHLOROETHYL)-3-(4-METHYLCYCLOHEXYL)-1-NITROSOUREA (METHYL-CCNU) (Group 1)
- CHLOROFORM (Group 2B)
- CHLOROPHENOLS (Group 2B)
- CHLOROPHENOXY HERBICIDES (Group 2B)
- CHLOROPRENE (Group 3)
- CHOLESTEROL (Group 3)
- CHROMIUM AND CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS: CHROMIUM METAL (Group 3) TRIVALENT CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS (Group 3) HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS (Group 1
- A. Evidence for carcinogenicity to humans (inadequate for chromium metal and trivalent chromium compounds; sufficient for hexavalent chromium compounds)
- B. Evidence for carcinogenicity to animals (inadequate for chromium metal and trivalent chromium compounds; sufficient for hexavalent chromium compounds)
- C. Other relevant data
- References
- CHRYSOIDINE (Group 3)
- CISPLATIN (Group 2A)
- CLOFIBRATE (Group 3)
- CLOMIPHENE CITRATE (Group 3)
- COAL GASIFICATION (Group 1)
- COAL-TAR PITCHES (Group 1)
- COAL-TARS (Group 1)
- COKE PRODUCTION (Group 1)
- CREOSOTES (Group 2A)
- CYCLAMATES (Group 3)
- CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE (Group 1)
- DACARBAZINE (Group 2B)
- DAPSONE (Group 3)
- DDT (Group 2B)
- DIAZEPAM (Group 3)
- 1,2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (Group 2B)
- ortho-DICHLOROBENZENE (Group 3) and para-DICHLOROBENZENE (Group 2B)
- 3,3′-DICHLOROBENZIDINE (Group 2B)
- DICHLOROMETHANE (Group 2B)
- 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE (TECHNICAL-GRADE) (Group 2B)
- DIELDRIN (Group 3)
- DIETHYL SULPHATE (Group 2A)
- 3,3′-DIMETHOXYBENZIDINE (ortho-DIANISIDINE) (Group 2B)
- DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE (Group 2A)
- DIMETHYL SULPHATE (Group 2A)
- 1,4-DIOXANE (Group 2B)
- EPICHLOROHYDRIN (Group 2A)
- ERIONITE (Group 1)
- ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE (Group 2A)
- ETHYLENE OXIDE (Group 2A)
- ETHYLENE THIOUREA (Group 2B)
- FLUORIDES (INORGANIC, USED IN DRINKING-WATER) (Group 3)
- 5-FLUOROURACIL (Group 3)
- FORMALDEHYDE (Group 2A)
- HAEMATITE AND FERRIC OXIDE: FERRIC OXIDE (Group 3) HAEMATITE (Group 3) UNDERGROUND HAEMATITE MINING WITH EXPOSURE TO RADON (Group 1)
- A. Evidence for carcinogenicity to humans (inadequate for haematite and ferric oxide; sufficient for underground haematite mining with exposure to radon)
- B. Evidence for carcinogenicity to animals (inadequate for haematite; evidence suggesting lack of carcinogenicity for ferric oxide)
- C. Other relevant data
- References
- HEXACHLOROBENZENE (Group 2B)
- HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANES (Group 2B)
- HYDRALAZINE (Group 3)
- HYDRAZINE (Group 2B)
- IRON AND STEEL FOUNDING (Group 1)
- IRON-DEXTRAN COMPLEX (Group 2B)
- ISONICOTINIC ACID HYDRAZIDE (ISONIAZID) (Group 3)
- ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL MANUFACTURE (STRONG-ACID PROCESS) (Group 1), ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (Group 3) and ISOPROPYL OILS (Group 3)
- A. Evidence for carcinogenicity to humans (sufficient for the manufacture of isopropyl alcohol by the strong-acid process; inadequate for isopropyl alcohol and isopropyl oils)
- B. Evidence for carcinogenicity to animals (inadequate for isopropyl alcohol and isopropyl oils)
- C. Other relevant data
- References
- LEAD AND LEAD COMPOUNDS: LEAD AND INORGANIC LEAD COMPOUNDS (Group 2B) ORGANOLEAD COMPOUNDS (Group 3)
- LEATHER INDUSTRIES: BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURE AND REPAIR (Group 1)
- LEATHER GOODS MANUFACTURE (Group 3)
- LEATHER TANNING AND PROCESSING (Group 3)
- MAGENTA (Group 3) and MANUFACTURE OF MAGENTA (Group 1)
- MELPHALAN (Group 1)
- 6-MERCAPTOPURINE (Group 3)
- METHOTREXATE (Group 3)
- 5-METHOXYPSORALEN (Group 2A)
- 8-METHOXYPSORALEN (METHOXSALEN) PLUS ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION (Group 1)
- METHYL BROMIDE (Group 3)
- METHYL CHLORIDE (Group 3)
- 4,4′-METHYLENE BIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MOCA) (Group 2A)
- 4,4′-METHYLENE BIS(2-METHYLANILINE) (Group 2B)
- N-METHYL-N′-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE (MNNG) (Group 2A)
- METRONIDAZOLE (Group 2B)
- MINERAL OILS: UNTREATED AND MILDLY-TREATED OILS (Group 1) HIGHLY-REFINED OILS (Group 3)
- MOPP AND OTHER COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY INCLUDING ALKYLATING AGENTS (Group 1)
- MUSTARD GAS (SULPHUR MUSTARD) (Group 1)
- 1-NAPHTHYLAMINE (Group 3)
- 2-NAPHTHYLAMINE (Group 1)
- 1-NAPHTHYLTHIOUREA (ANTU) (Group 3)
- NICKEL AND NICKEL COMPOUNDS (Group 1
- NITROGEN MUSTARD (Group 2A)
- OCHRATOXIN A (Group 3)
- OESTROGENS, PROGESTINS AND COMBINATIONS
- III. PROGESTINS (Group 2B)
- IV. OESTROGEN-PROGESTIN COMBINATIONS
- PHENACETIN (Group 2A) and ANALGESIC MIXTURES CONTAINING PHENACETIN (Group 1)
- PHENAZOPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE (Group 2B)
- PHENELZINE SULPHATE (Group 3)
- PHENOBARBITAL (Group 2B)
- PHENYLBUTAZONE (Group 3)
- N-PHENYL-2-NAPHTHYLAMINE (Group 3)
- PHENYTOIN (Group 2B)
- POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS (Group 2B)
- POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (Group 2A)
- PREDNISONE (Group 3)
- PROCARBAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE (Group 2A)
- PROPYLENE OXIDE (Group 2A)
- PROPYLTHIOURACIL (Group 2B)
- RESERPINE (Group 3)
- THE RUBBER INDUSTRY (Group 1)
- SACCHARIN (Group 2B)
- SHALE-OILS (Group 1)
- SILICA: CRYSTALLINE SILICA (Group 2A) AMORPHOUS SILICA (Group 3)
- SOOTS (Group 1)
- SPIRONOLACTONE (Group 3)
- STYRENE (Group 2B)
- SULFAFURAZOLE (SULPHISOXAZOLE) (Group 3)
- SULFAMETHOXAZOLE (Group 3)
- TALC NOT CONTAINING ASBESTIFORM FIBRES (Group 3) and TALC CONTAINING ASBESTIFORM FIBRES (Group 1)
- A. Evidence for carcinogenicity to humans (inadequate for talc not containing asbestiform fibres; sufficient for talc containing asbestiform fibres)
- B. Evidence for carcinogenicity to animals (inadequate for talc not containing asbestiform fibres and for talc containing asbestiform fibres)
- C. Other relevant data
- References
- 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-para-DIOXIN (TCDD) (Group 2B)
- 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE (Group 3)
- TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (Group 2B)
- TOBACCO PRODUCTS, SMOKELESS (Group 1)
- TOBACCO SMOKE (Group 1)
- ortho-TOLUIDINE (Group 2B)
- TREOSULPHAN (Group 1)
- TRICHLOROETHYLENE (Group 3)
- 4,5′,8-TRIMETHYLPSORALEN (Group 3)
- TRIS(AZIRIDINYL)-para-BENZOQUINONE (TRIAZIQUONE) (Group 3)
- TRIS(1-AZIRIDINYL)PHOSPHINE SULPHIDE (THIOTEPA) (Group 2A)
- TRIS(2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL) PHOSPHATE (Group 2A)
- URACIL MUSTARD (Group 2B)
- VINBLASTINE SULPHATE (Group 3)
- VINCRISTINE SULPHATE (Group 3)
- VINYL CHLORIDE (Group 1)
- VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE (Group 3)
- WOLLASTONITE (Group 3)
- WOOD INDUSTRIES: CARPENTRY AND JOINERY (Group 2B)
- FURNITURE AND CABINET-MAKING (Group 1)
- LUMBER AND SAWMILL INDUSTRIES (INCLUDING LOGGING) (Group 3)
- PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURE (Group 3)
- ADDITIONAL SUMMARIES AND EVALUATIONS OF EVIDENCE FOR CARCINOGENICITY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS, AND SUMMARIES OF OTHER RELEVANT DATA, FOR SELECTED AGENTS FOR WHICH THERE ARE NO DATA ON CARCINOGENICITY IN HUMANS
- APPENDIX 1. SUMMARY OF DATA ON GENETIC AND RELATED EFFECTS
Corrigenda to the IARC Monographs are published online at http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Publications/corrigenda.php.
Corrigenda to Supplement 7. (PDF, 35K)
LIBRARY CATALOGUING DATA
This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC ad-hoc Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 10-18 March 1987
1987
IARC MONOGRAPHS
In 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans involving the production of critically evaluated monographs on individual chemicals. In 1980 and 1986, the programme was expanded to include the evaluation of carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to complex mixtures and other agents.
The objective of the programme is to elaborate and publish in the form of monographs critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for agents to which humans are known to be exposed, and on specific exposure situations; to evaluate these data in terms of human risk with the help of international working groups of experts in carcinogenesis and related fields; and to indicate where additional research efforts are needed.
This programme is supported by PHS Grant No. 5 UO1 CA33193-05 awarded by the US National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services. Additional support for the production of this volume was provided by the Commission of the European Communities.
©International Agency for Research on Cancer 1987
ISBN 92 832 1411 0
ISSN 0250-9555
All rights reserved. Application for rights of reproduction or translation, in part or in toto, should be made to the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Distributed for the International Agency for Research on Cancer by the Secretariat of the World Health Organization
PRINTED IN THE UK
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