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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US); Office on Smoking and Health (US). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2010.

Cover of How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General.

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Photographs of two lung surfaces.

Figure 7.9Cut surface of lungs removed from two patients with different forms of emphysema before receiving a lung transplant

Source: From Dr. Joel Cooper in Hogg 2004. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier, © 2004.

Note: (A) The lung on the left is affected by centrilobular emphysema, which affected the upper lobe more severely than the lower lobe. (B) The lung on the right is from a patient who had α1-antitrypsin deficiency, which involved the lower lobe to a greater degree than the upper lobe.

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