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Chou R, Dana T, Bougatsos C. Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1-5 Years: Systematic Review to Update the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2011 Feb. (Evidence Syntheses, No. 81.)

Cover of Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1-5 Years

Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1-5 Years: Systematic Review to Update the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation [Internet].

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Appendix A3Literature Flow Diagram

Appendix A3 is a flow chart that summarizes the search and selection of articles. There were 3,699 citations identified by searching MEDLINE and Cochrane databases (including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and other sources (such as reference lists and suggestions by peer reviewers). Of these, 3,272 citations were excluded after abstract review. The full text of the remaining 427 articles were assessed for eligibility by key question. Of these, 377 articles were excluded, for the following reasons: contextual only (63); wrong population (93); wrong screening tests (5); wrong intervention (11); wrong outcomes (53); retrospective or uncontrolled study (for key question 4) (33); wrong publication type (49); not English language (1); specific risk factor paper only (5); reference standard not performed in all subjects (or a random subset) (14); systematic review (1); uncontrolled study of screening (23); unable to calculate diagnostic accuracy (25); and inadequate or unclear reference standard (1). Of the articles reviewed for key question 1 (screening and outcomes), 1 randomized controlled trial, 1 prospective cohort study, and 3 retrospective cohort studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. Of the articles reviewed for key question 1a (variation in age groups), 1 randomized controlled trial and 1 retrospective cohort study were deemed eligible for inclusion. Of the articles reviewed for key question 2 (accuracy/reliability of risk factor assessment), no studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. Of the articles reviewed for key question 3 (accuracy of screening tests), 31 diagnostic accuracy studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. Of the articles reviewed for key question 3a (variation in age groups), 4 studies of unspecified type were deemed eligible for inclusion. Of the articles reviewed for key question 4 (harms of screening), 1 cohort study of psychosocial effects and 7 studies of false-positive results were deemed eligible for inclusion. Of the articles reviewed for key question 5 (effectiveness of treatment), 8 randomized controlled trials were deemed eligible for inclusion. Of the articles reviewed for key question 6 (harms of treatment), 5 randomized controlled trials of visual acuity loss in the nonamblyopic eye and 2 randomized controlled trials of psychosocial effects were deemed eligible for inclusion. Some studies were deemed eligible for inclusion for more than one key question.

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