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Mock CN, Nugent R, Kobusingye O, et al., editors. Injury Prevention and Environmental Health. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Oct 27. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0522-6_ch9

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Injury Prevention and Environmental Health. 3rd edition.

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Table 9.6Benefits of Improved Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation

BenefitWaterSanitation
Health, burden of disease
  • Averted cases of diarrheal disease
  • Reduced malnutrition, enteropathy, and malnutrition-related conditions (stunting)
  • Less dehydration from lack of access to water
  • Less disaster-related health impacts
  • Averted cases of diarrheal disease
  • Averted cases of helminths, polio, and eye diseases
  • Reduced malnutrition, enteropathy, and malnutrition-related conditions (stunting)
  • Less dehydration from insufficient water intake because of poor latrine access
  • Less disaster-related health impacts
Health, economic savings
  • Costs related to diseases, such as health care, productivity losses, and premature mortality
  • Costs related to diseases, such as health care, productivity losses, and premature mortality
Convenience time savings
  • Saved travel and waiting time for water collection
  • Saved travel and waiting time from having nearby private toilet
Educational benefits
  • Improved educational levels because of higher school enrollment and attendance rates from school water
  • Higher attendance and educational attainment because of improved health
  • Improved educational levels because of higher school enrollment and attendance rates from school sanitation
  • Higher attendance and educational attainment because of improved health
Social benefits
  • Leisure and nonuse values of water resources and reduced effort of averted water hauling and gender impacts
  • Safety, privacy, dignity, comfort, status, prestige, aesthetics, and gender effects
Water access benefits
  • Pretreated water at lower costs for averted treatment costs for households
  • Less pollution of water supply and hence reduced water treatment costs
Reuse
  • Soil conditioner and fertilizer
  • Energy production
  • Safe use of wastewater
Economic effects
  • Incomes from more tourism and business investment
  • Employment opportunity in water provision
  • Rise in value of property
  • Incomes from more tourism and business investment
  • Employment opportunity in sanitation supply chain
  • Rise in value of property

Adapted from Hutton 2012; Hutton and others 2014.

From: Chapter 9, Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene

© 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.

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Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Patel, V., D. Chisholm., T. Dua, R. Laxminarayan, and M. E. Medina-Mora, editors. 2015. Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders. Disease Control Priorities, third edition, volume 4. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0426-7. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO

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