Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders, 3rd edition
Disease Control Priorities, Vol. 5
Editors
Editors: Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Shuchi Anand, Thomas A Gaziano, Jean-Claude Mbanya, Yangfeng Wu, and Rachel Nugent.Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed.
This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.
© 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433
Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org
Some rights reserved
1 2 3 4 20 19 18 17
This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.
Rights and Permissions
This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:
Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Prabhakaran, D., S. Anand, T. A. Gaziano. J.-C. Mbanya, Y. Wu, and R. Nugent. 2017. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders. Disease Control Priorities, (third edition), Volume 5. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0518-9. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO
Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.
Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.
Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images.
All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: gro.knabdlrow@sthgirbup.
Cover photo: © 2003. Arne Hoel / World Bank. Further permission required for reuse.
Cover design: Debra Naylor, Naylor Design, Washington, DC
Chapter opener photos: chapter 1: © WorldFish/M. Yousuf Tushar. Original photo cropped. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/; chapter 2: © Frank Spangler/Worldview Images. Used with the permission of Worldview Images. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 3: © World Bank. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 4: © Frank Spangler/Worldview Images. Used with the permission of Worldview Images. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 5: © PAHO/WHO—David Spitz. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 6: © Frank Spangler/Worldview Images. Used with the permission of Worldview Images. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 7: © Chris Stowers/Panos. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 8: © Meghana Kulkarni. Original photo cropped. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/; chapter 9: © WHO/Christopher Black. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 10: © UNAMID. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 11: © World Bank. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 12: © WHO/Christopher Black. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 13: © WHO/Christopher Black. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 14: © Frank Spangler/Worldview Images. Used with the permission of Worldview Images. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 15: © WHO/TDR/Julio Takayama. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 16: © 2015 Girdhari Bora for IntraHealth International, Courtesy of Photoshare. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 17: © 2015 Girdhari Bora for IntraHealth International, Courtesy of Photoshare. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 18: © UN Photo/Fardin Waezi. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 19: © Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Used via a Creative Commons license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/). Original photo was cropped to fit template; chapter 20: © Frank Spangler/Worldview Images. Used with the permission of Worldview Images. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 21: © WHO/Quinn Mattingly. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse; chapter 22: © WHO/Christopher Black. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested.
This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:
Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Patel, V., D. Chisholm., T. Dua, R. Laxminarayan, and M. E. Medina-Mora, editors. 2015. Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders. Disease Control Priorities, third edition, volume 4. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0426-7. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO
Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.
Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images.
All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Publishing and Knowledge Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: gro.knabdlrow@sthgirbup.