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Forman-Hoffman V, Middleton JC, Feltner C, et al. Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review Update [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 May. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 207.)

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Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].

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Table G-5Characteristics of studies of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing omitted from main analyses because of high risk of bias

TrialArm (N)Treatment
Duration (Followup Post Treatment)
Population Trauma TypeBaseline PTSD SeverityaMean
Age (Y)
% Female
% Nonwhite
Ironson et al., 2002219EMDR (10)
PE (12)
6 weeks
(3 months)
Domestic violence
Childhood sexual abuse
PSS-SR
26.6 to
34.6
NR77

NR
Johnson et al., 2006221Randomized (Total: 51)a
PE (Unclear)
CM (Unclear)
EMDR (Unclear)
Waitlist (14)
Mean number of weekly sessions
PE: 9.66
EMDR: 6.33
Waitlist: 5.89
(3 months)
Female
Mixed
61.8 to 82.039100

17
Karatzias et al., 2011222EMDR (23)
EFT (23)
8 weeks
(3 months)
Male and female
Mixed
70.7 to
66.1
4057

NR
Lee et al., 2002227EMDR (12)
SITPE (12)
7 weeks
(3 months)
Australian male and female
Mixed
IES
55.3
3546

NR
Marcus et al., 1997230EMDR (NR)
Usual care (NR)
NR - Variable number of sessions
(none)
Male and female
Mixed
IES
46.1 to 49.7
4279

34
Power et al., 2002243EMDR (39)
EXP+CR (37)
Waitlist (29)
10 weeks
(15 months)
Male and female
Mixed
IES
32.6 to 35.1
4042

NR
Zimmerman et al., 2007264EMDR (40)
Usual care (49)
Twice a week for 68 days
(12 to 60 months)
Male and female
Mixed (91% male, German soldiers)
IES
36.1
NR
289
NR
a

The number of participants randomized to each active treatment group was not reported. A total of 27 participants from the active treatment groups were analyzed, 9 in each treatment group.

CAPS = Clinician-Administered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale; CBT-M = cognitive behavioral therapy-mixed; CI = confidence interval; CR = cognitive restructuring; EFT = Emotional Freedom Techniques; EMDR = eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; F = female; IES = Impact of Event Scale; MISS = Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; N = number; NR = not reported; PE = prolonged exposure; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; PSS-SR = Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale-Self-Report; SITPE = stress inoculation training with prolonged exposure; y = year.

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