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Forman-Hoffman V, Middleton JC, Feltner C, et al. Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review Update [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 May. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 207.)

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Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].

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Table G-4Characteristics of mixed intervention trials omitted from main analyses because of high risk of bias

TrialArm (N)Treatment
Duration (Followup Post Treatment)
Population Trauma TypeBaseline PTSD SeverityMean
Age (Y)
% Female
% Nonwhite
Beck et al., 2009200CBT-M (17)
MCC (16)
14 weeks (3 months)Male and female
MVA
57.3 to 57.84382

11
Beidel et al., 2011201CBT-M (18)
Exposure (17)
17 weeksMale
Combat
84.9 to
90.6
590

0
Difede et al., 2007206CBT-M (15)
Usual care (16)
12 weeks (12 to 13 weeks)Disaster workers
World Trade
Center attack
50.5 to 51.7463

23
Dorrepaal et al., 2012207CBT-M (“Stabilitizing group treatment”) (38)
Usual care (33)
20 weeks (post)Complex PTSD and severe comorbidityDTS
80 to 90
39NR

NR
Dunne et al., 2012208TF-CBT (13)
Waitlist (13)
10 weeks (post)MVC-related PTSD (specifically WAD)PDS
21 to 23
3250
NR
Echeburua et al., 1996263CBT-M (10)
CBT Cope (10)
5 weeks (1, 3, 6, and 12 months)Female
Sexual assault
NR22100

NR
Lee et al., 2002227EMDR (12)
CBT-Mb (SIT+PE)
(12)
7 weeks (3 months)Male and female
Mixed
IES
55.3
3546
NR
Littleton et al., 2016229Interactive online therapist-facilitated CBT (46)
Psychoeducation self-help website (41)
14 weeks (post, 3 months)Rape related PTSDPSS-I
23 to 23.7
22100

47
Mueser et al., 2015234CBT for PTSD (104)
Brief treatment (97)
12 to 16 weeks (post, 6 months, 12 months)PTSD and severe mental illness85.76 to 86.064469

66
Margolies et al., 2013231CBTI plus IRT (20)
Waitlist (20)
4 sessions over 6 weeks (post collected 2 weeks after 6 week treatment period)Combat VeteransPSS-SR
39.8 to 41.8
3810

60
Paunovic et al., 2001239Exposure (10)
CBT-M (10)
16 to 20 weeks (6 months)Male and female
Refugees
95.1 to 98.43815

NR
Polak et al., 2015247TF-CBT plus breathing biofeedback (4)
TF-CBT (4)
5 to 18 sessions (post)Chronic PTSD
Mixed
IES-R
41.5 to 45
4575

NR
Power et al., 2002243EMDR (39)
CBT-Ma (Exp+CR) (37)
Waitlist (29)
10 weeksMale and female
Mixed
IES
32.6 to 35.1
3942

NR
Stecker et al., 2014251Brief CBT (123)
Usual care (151)
1 session (1 month, 3 months, 6 months)Veterans of Iraq war with PTSDPTSD Checklist
59.2 to 59.7
2913

31
Ulmer et al., 2011254CBT-M (12)
Usual care (9)
6 biweekly sessions, over 12 weeksMale and female
Recently deployed veterans
PCL-M
63.1 to 63.4
4631.8

66.6
a

The information provided after CBT-M indicates the content of the mixed intervention (see abbreviations below).

CBT Cope = cognitive behavioral therapy-coping skills; CBT-M = cognitive behavioral therapy-mixed; CR = cognitive restructuring; EMDR = eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; exp = exposure therapy; IES = Impact of Event Scale; MCC = minimum contact comparison group; NR = not reported; PCL-M = PTSD Checklist-Military Version; PE = prolonged exposure; relax = relaxation; SIT = stress inoculation training; y = year.

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