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Forman-Hoffman V, Middleton JC, Feltner C, et al. Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review Update [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 May. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 207.)
Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Show detailsTable 11Characteristics of included CBT-exposure trials
Study | Arm (N) | Duration (Followup) | Population Trauma Type | Baseline PTSD Severitya | Mean Age (Y) | % F | % Non-white | Risk of Bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asukai et al., 201010 | PE (12) UC (12) | 8 to 15 weekly sessions (3 and 12 months) | Male and female Mixed | 84.3 to 84.6 | 29 | 88 | 100 | Medium |
Basoglu et al., 200711 | In vivo (16) WL (15) | 1 sessionb (4, 8, 12, 24 weeks and 12 months) | Male and female Natural disaster | 62.3 to 63.1 | 34 | 87 | NR | Medium |
Bryant et al., 200341 | IE (20) IE+CR (20) SC (18) | 8 weeks | Male and female Mixed | CAPS-I intensity 32.5 to 32.9 | 35 | 52 | NR | Medium |
Bryant et al., 200842 | PE (31) PE+CR (28) IE (31) In vivo (28) | 8 weeks | Male and female Mixed | 71.4 to 76.8 | 37 | NR | 8 | Medium |
Coffey et al., 2016140 | mPE+MET-PTSD (40) mPE (45) HLS (41) | 9 to 12 sessions (post, 3 months, 6 months) | Mixed, combat related trauma excluded | 76 to 82 | 34 | 46 | 21 | Medium |
Foa et al., 199914 Zoellner et al., 1999134 | PE (25) SIT (26) PE+SIT (30) WL (15) | 9 weeks (3, 6, and 9 months) | Female Assault | PSS-I 29.4 to 32.9 | 35 | 100 | 36 | Medium |
Foa et al., 200512 | Total 190 PE (NR) PE+CR (NR) WL (NR) | 12 weeks; 9 to 12 weekly sessions (3, 6, and 12 months) | Female Assault | PSS-I 31.1 to 34.0 | 31 | 100 | 51 | Medium |
Fonzo et al., 2017137 Fonzo et al., 201721 | PE (36) WL (30) | 9 to 12 weekly or biweekly sessions | Male and female Mixed | 66 to 71 | 36 | 65 | NR | Medium |
Gamito et al., 2010141 | VRE (5) IE (2) WL (3) | 12 sessionsb | Male Combat | NR | 64 | 0 | NR | Medium |
Langkaas et al., 2017142 | PE (31) IRT (34) | 10 weeks (post, 12 months) | Male and female Mixed | PSS-I 33.2 to 34.9 | 45 | 58 | NR | Medium |
Markowitz et al., 2015132 Markowitz et al., 2016135 | PE (38) IPT (40) Relax (32) | 14 weeks | Chronic PTSD | 68.9 to 72.1 | 40 | 77 | 35 | Medium |
Marks et al., 1998122 Lovell et al., 2001123 | PE (23) CR (19) PE+CR (24) Relax (21) | 10 sessions,b mean of 16 weeks (1, 3, and 6 months) | Male and female Mixed | CAPS Severity 2.6 to 3.2 | 38 | 36 | NR | Medium |
Mills et al., 201220 | COPE+TAU (55) TAU (48) | 13 sessions (post) | Mixed | 89 to 91 | 34 | 62 | NR | Medium |
Nacasch et al., 201115 | PE (15) TAU (15) | 9 to 15 weeks (12 months) | Male and female Combat | PSS-I 36.8 to 37.1 | 34 | NR | 100 | Medium |
Reger et al., 201618 | VRE (54) PE (54) WL (54) | 10 sessions (post, 3 months, 6 months) | Activity duty military | 78 to 80 | 30 | 4 | 40 | Medium |
Resick et al., 20023 Resick, et al., 2003125 Resick, et al., 2012126 | PE (62) CPT (62) WL (47) | 6 weeks (3 and 9 months, 5 to 10 years) | Female Sexual assault | 69.9 to 76.6 | 32 | 100 | 29 | Medium |
Rothbaum et al., 200513 | PE (24) EMDR (26) WL (24) | 4.5 weeks (6 months) | Female Sexual assault | Data reported in graphs only | 34 | 100 | 32 | Medium |
Ruglass et al., 2017 143 | COPE (39) Relapse Prevention (43) AMCG (28) | 12 weeks (post, 1, 2, and 3 months) | Male and female Mixed 65% with clinical PTSD | 46.39 to 57.70 | 44 | 36 | 82 | Medium |
Schnurr et al., 2003139 | Group exposure (180) PCT (180) | 30 weeks, 5 subsequent monthly boosters (12 months total) | Male Combat | 80.4 to 82.1 | 51 | 0 | 34 | Low |
Schnurr et al., 2007138 | PE (141) PCT (143) | 10 weeks (3 and 6 months) | Female Mixed | 77.6 to 77.9 | 45 | 100 | 46 | Medium |
Sloan et al., 201217 | WET (22) WL (24) | 10 sessions for WET group/5 weeks for WL group (post, 18 weeks) | MVA | NR | 41 | 65 | 63 | Low |
Tarrier et al., 1999129, 130 | IE (35) CT (37) | 16 sessions (16 weeks) (6 and 12 months) | Male and female Mixed | 71.1 to 77.8 | 39 | 42 | NR | Medium |
Taylor et al., 2003133 | PE (22) EMDR (19) Relax (19) | 6 months | Male and female Mixed | NR | 37 | 75 | 23 | Medium |
van den Berg et al., 201516 | PE (53) EMDR (55) WL (47) | 8 weeks (post, 6 months) | Psychotic disorders and PTSD Mixed | 70 | 41 | 54 | NR | Low |
Wells et al., 201419 | MCT (11) PE (11) WL (10) | 8 sessions (post) | Mixed | PDS 33 to 38 | 41 | 38 | NR | Medium |
- a
Data reported are mean CAPS or range of mean CAPS scores across groups unless another instrument is specified.
- b
Number of treatment sessions is reported when duration of treatment was not specified
AMCG = active monitoring control group; CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; CAPS-I = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale Interview; CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy; COPE = Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders Using Prolonged Exposure; CPT = cognitive processing therapy; CR = cognitive restructuring; EMDR = eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; F = female; G = group; HLS = health information control condition; IE = imaginal exposure; in vivo = in vivo exposure; MCT = metacognitive therapy; IRT = imagery rehearsal therapy; MET-PTSD = trauma-focused motivational enhancement therapy; mPE = modified prolonged exposure; MVA = motor vehicle accident; N = number; NR = not reported; PCT = present-centered therapy; PDS = Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale; PE = prolonged exposure; PSS-I = PTSD Symptom Scale—Interview; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; relax = relaxation; SC = supportive counseling; SIT = stress inoculation training; TAU = treatment as usual; UC = usual care; VRE = virtual reality exposure; WET = written exposure therapy; WL = wait-list; y = year.
- Table 11, Characteristics of included CBT-exposure trials - Psychological and Ph...Table 11, Characteristics of included CBT-exposure trials - Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review Update
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