This volume evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by occupational exposure during the spraying and application of insecticides. The book also features separate monographs evaluating the carcinogenicity of 17 individual pesticides, including several that have been banned by industrialized countries yet are still used in the developing world. Although some of these pesticides have been in use for more than four decades, evaluations of carcinogenicity were hindered by the sparsity of well-designed epidemiological studies.

The first and most extensive monograph evaluates data from descriptive and ecological studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies suggesting an increased risk of cancer, most notably lung cancer, multiple myeloma and other tumours of B-cell origin, in workers exposed to insecticides during their application. On the basis of this evaluation, the book concludes that the spraying and application of nonarsenical insecticides entail exposures that are probably carcinogenic to humans.

The remaining monographs evaluate the carcinogenicity of aldicarb, atrazine, captafol, chlordane, DDT, deltamethrin, dichlorvos, fenvalerate, heptachlor, monuron, pentachlorophenol, permethrin, picloram, simazine, thiram, trifluralin, and zitram. Of these, captafol, a fungicide used on plants, for seed treatment, and as a wood preservative, was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. Atrazine, chlordane, DDT, dichlorvos, heptachlor, and pentachlorophenol were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The remaining pesticides could not be classified on the basis of available data.

Contents

• IARC MONOGRAPHS
• NOTE TO THE READER
• LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
• PREAMBLE
• GENERAL REMARKS
• The Monographs
  • Insecticides
    • Occupational exposures in spraying and application of insecticides
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Other Relevant Data in Humans
      • 4. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 5. References
    • Aldicarb
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Chlordane and Heptachlor
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
      • Annex 1. Criteria for classification of rodent hepatocellular neoplasms^a
    • DDT and associated Compounds
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Deltamethrin
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Dichlorvos
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Fenvalerate
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Permethrin
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other relevant data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
  • Fungicides
    • Captafol
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Pentachlorophenol
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. 6. References
    • Thiram
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Ziram
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
  • Herbicides
    • Atrazine
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Monuron
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Picloram
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Simazine
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
    • Trifluralin
      • 1. Exposure Data
      • 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
      • 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals
      • 4. Other Relevant Data
      • 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
      • 6. References
• SUMMARY OF FINAL EVALUATIONS
• APPENDIX 1. SUMMARY TABLES OF GENETIC AND RELATED EFFECTS
• APPENDIX 2. ACTIVITY PROFILES FOR GENETIC AND RELATED EFFECTS
• PUBLICATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER
• IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS

Corrigenda to the IARC Monographs are published online at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Publications/corrigenda.php