| Study | Number of cases | Number of controls | Source of controls | Relative risk (95% confidence confidence interval) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever smoked | Current smokers | Former smokers | ||||
| Rosenberg et al. 1984 | 2,160 | 717 | Other cancers | 1.1 (0.8-1.7) * | 1.1 (0.8-1.3) | |
| Smith et al. 1984 | 429 | 612 | Population | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) ** | ||
| Schechter et al. 1985 | 123 | 369 | Screening program | 1.4 (0.9-2.1) | 1.9 (1.2-3.1) | 1.0 (0.6-1.7) |
| Brinton et al. 1986b | 1,547 | 1,930 | Screening program | 1.2 (1.0-1.4) | 1.2 (0.9-1.4) | 1.2 (1.0 -1.5) |
| O'Connell et al. 1987 | 276 | 1,519 | Community | 0.6 (0.3-1.1)§ | 1.2 (0.8-1.1) | |
| Stockwell and Lyman 1987 | 5,246 | 3,921 | Other cancers | 1.3 (1.0-1.8) >§<§ | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | |
| Adami et al. 1988 | 422 | 527 | Population | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 1.1 (0.7-1.8)¶ | |
| Brownson et al. 1988 | 456 | 1,693 | Screening program | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) |
| Kato et al. 1989 | 1,740 | 8,920 | Other cancers | 0.9 (0.7-1.0) | ||
| Meara et al. 1989 | 998 | 998 | Hospital | |||
| Ages 25-44 years | 1.2 (0.7-1.8)¶¶ | 0.9 (0.6-1.5) | ||||
| Ages 45-59 years | 0.8 (0.6-1.1)¶¶ | 0.9 (0.7-1.3) | ||||
| 118 | 118 | Screening program | ||||
| Ages 45-69 years | 2.9 (1.2-7.2)¶¶ | 1.0 (0.4-2.3) | ||||
| Rohan and Baron 1989 | 451 | 451 | Population | 1.2 (0.9-1.5) | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) |
| Schechter et al. 1989 | 254 | 762 | Screening program | |||
| Prevalent | 1.1 (0.9-1.5) | |||||
| Incident | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | |||||
| Chu et al. 1990 | 4,720 | 4,682 | Population | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) |
| Ewertz 1990 | 1,480 | 1,332 | Population | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | |
| Palmer et al. 1991 | ||||||
| Canada | 607 | 1,214 | Neighborhood | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) |
| United States | 1,955 | 805 | Other cancers | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) | 1.3 (1.1-1.6) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) |
| Field et al. 1992 | 1,617 | 1,617 | Driver's license | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | ||
| Smith et al. 1994 | 755 | 755 | Population | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | ||
| Baron et al. 1996b | 6,888 | 9,529 | Driver's license and Medicare | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | |
| Braga et al. 1996 | 2,569 | 2,588 | Hospital | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.8 (07-1.0) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) |
| Morabia et al. 1996 | 244 | 1,032 | Population | 5.1 (2.1-12.6) *** | ||
| Gammon et al. 1998 §§§ | 1,645 | 1,497 | Population | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) |
| Millikan et al. 1998 | 498 | 473 | HCFA¶¶¶
and state Division of Motor Vehicles | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 1.3 (0.9-1.8) | |
| Lash and Aschengrau 1999 | 265 | 765 | HCFA and next of kin | 2.0 (1.1-3.6) **** | 2.3 (0.8-6.8)§§§§ | |
| Johnson et al. 2000 | 2,317 | 2,438 | Population | Premenopausal women: 2.3 (1.2-4.5) **** | Premenopausal women: 1.9 (0.9-3.8) **** | Premenopausal women: 2.6 (1.3-5.3) **** |
| Postmenopausal women: 1.5 (1.0-2.3) **** | Postmenopausal women: 1.6 (1.0-2.5) **** | Postmenopausal women: 1.4 (0.9-2.1) **** | ||||
> 25 cigarettes/day.
Continuous smokers.
>20 cigarettes/day.
>40 cigarettes/day.
>20 cigarettes/day.
>5 cigarettes/day.
> 20 cigarettes/day; reference group comprised of subjects not exposed to active or passive smoking.
Women <45 years of age.
HCFA = Health Care Financing Administration.
Compared with subjects not exposed to active or passive smoking.
Persons smoking within 5 years before diagnosis.
From: Chapter 3. Health Consequences of Tobacco Use Among Women
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