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Cella D, Hahn EA, Jensen SE, et al. Patient-Reported Outcomes in Performance Measurement. Research Triangle Park (NC): RTI Press; 2015 Sep.

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Patient-Reported Outcomes in Performance Measurement.

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Table 2Main characteristics of patient-reported outcomes

PRO CategoryMain CharacteristicsMain StrengthsMain Limitations
Health-related quality of life (HRQL)
  • Is multidimensional
  • Can be generic or condition-specific
  • Yields a global summary of well-being
  • May not be considered a sufficiently specific construct
Functional status
  • Reflects ability to perform specific activities
  • Can be used in addition to performance-based measures of function
  • May reflect variations in self-reported capability and actual performance of activities
Symptoms and symptom burden
  • Are specific to type of symptom of interest
  • May identify symptoms not otherwise captured by medical workup
  • Are best assessed through self-report
  • May fail to capture general, global aspects of well-being considered important to patients
Health behaviors
  • Are specific to type of behavior
  • Typically measure frequency of behavior
  • Target specific behavior categories
  • Validity may be affected by social desirability
  • May produce potential patient discomfort in reporting socially undesirable behaviors
Patient experience
  • Concerns satisfaction with health care delivery, treatment recommendations, and medications (or other therapies)
  • Reflects actual experiences with health care services
  • Fosters patient activation
  • Is an essential component of patient-centered care
  • Is valued by patients, families, and policy makers
  • Relates to treatment adherence
  • Relates to health behaviors and health outcomes
  • May be a complex, multidimensional construct
  • Requires confidentiality to ensure patient comfort in disclosing negative experiences
  • Does not provide sufficient evidence that activation enhances health care decision making

From: Types of Patient-Reported Outcomes

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