Appendix E: Evidence Table

Mary Butler; Robert L Kane; Donna McAlpine; Roger G Kathol; Steven S Fu.; Hildi Hagedorn; Timothy J Wilt

This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

Appendix E: Evidence Table

Publication Details

Table

References for Appendix E

1.: Fortney JC, Pyne JM, Edlund MJ. et al. A randomized trial of telemedicine-based collaborative care for depression. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2007 Aug;22(8):1086–93. [PMC free article: PMC2305730] [PubMed: 17492326]

2.: Fortney JC, Pyne JM, Edlund MJ. et al. Design and implementation of the telemedicine-enhanced antidepressant management study. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2006 Jan–Feb;28(1):18–26. [PubMed: 16377361]

3.: Krahn DD, Bartels SJ, Coakley E. et al. PRISM-E: comparison of integrated care and enhanced specialty referral models in depression outcomes. Psychiatric Services. 2006 Jul;57(7):946–53. [PubMed: 16816278]

4.: Bartels SJ, Coakley EH, Zubritsky C. et al. Improving access to geriatric mental health services: a randomized trial comparing treatment engagement with integrated versus enhanced referral care for depression, anxiety, and at-risk alcohol use.[see comment] American Journal of Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;161(8):1455–62. [PubMed: 15285973]

5.: Levkoff SE, Chen H, Coakley E. et al. Design and sample characteristics of the PRISM-E multisite randomized trial to improve behavioral health care for the elderly. Journal of Aging & Health. 2004 Feb;16(1):3–27. [PubMed: 14979308]

6.: Geron SM, Keefe B. Moving evidence-based interventions to populations: a case study using social workers in primary care. Home Health Care Services Quarterly. 2006;25(12):95–113. [PubMed: 16803740]

7.: Grypma L, Haverkamp R, Little S. et al. Taking an evidence-based model of depression care from research to practice: making lemonade out of depression.[see comment] General Hospital Psychiatry. 2006 Mar–Apr;28(2):101–7. [PubMed: 16516059]

8.: Hunkeler EM, Katon W, Tang L. et al. Long term outcomes from the IMPACT randomised trial for depressed elderly patients in primary care.[see comment] BMJ. 2006 Feb 4;332(7536):259–63. [PMC free article: PMC1360390] [PubMed: 16428253]

9.: Callahan CM, Kroenke K, Counsell SR. et al. Treatment of depression improves physical functioning in older adults.[see comment] Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2005 Mar;53(3):367–73. [PubMed: 15743276]

10.: Unutzer J, Tang L, Oishi S. et al. Reducing suicidal ideation in depressed older primary care patients.[see comment] Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2006 Oct;54(10):1550–6. [PubMed: 17038073]

11.: Unutzer J, Katon W, Callahan CM. et al. Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial.[see comment] JAMA. 2002 Dec 11;288(22):2836–45. [PubMed: 12472325]

12.: Unutzer J, Katon W, Williams JW Jr. et al. Improving primary care for depression in late life: the design of a multicenter randomized trial. Medical Care. 2001 Aug;39(8):785–99. [PubMed: 11468498]

13.: Clarke G, Debar L, Lynch F. et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for depressed adolescents receiving antidepressant medication. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2005 Sep;44(9):888–98. [PubMed: 16113617]

14.: Alexopoulos GS, Katz IR, Bruce ML. et al. Remission in depressed geriatric primary care patients: a report from the PROSPECT study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;162(4):718–24. [PMC free article: PMC2803683] [PubMed: 15800144]

15.: Bruce M, Ten Have T, Reynolds Cr. et al. Reducing suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in depressed older primary care patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004 Mar 3;291(9):1081–91. [PubMed: 14996777]

16.: Bruce ML, Pearson JL. Designing an intervention to prevent suicide: PROSPECT (Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial). Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 1999;1(2):100–12. [PMC free article: PMC3181574] [PubMed: 22033641]

17.: Katon WJ, Von Korff M, Lin EH. et al. The Pathways Study: a randomized trial of collaborative care in patients with diabetes and depression.[see comment] Archives of General Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;61(10):1042–9. [PubMed: 15466678]

18.: Katon W, Von Korff M, Lin E. et al. Improving primary care treatment of depression among patients with diabetes mellitus: the design of the pathways study. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2003 May–Jun;25(3):158–68. [PubMed: 12748028]

19.: Dietrich AJ, Oxman TE, Williams JW Jr. et al. Re-engineering systems for the treatment of depression in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial.[see comment] BMJ. 2004 Sep 11;329(7466):602. [PMC free article: PMC516659] [PubMed: 15345600]

20.: Oxman T, Dietrich A, Williams JJ. et al. A three-component model for reengineering systems for the treatment of depression in primary care. Psychosomatics. 2002 Nov–Dec;43(6):441–50. [PubMed: 12444226]

21.: Simon GE, Ludman EJ, Tutty S. et al. Telephone psychotherapy and telephone care management for primary care patients starting antidepressant treatment: a randomized controlled trial.[see comment] JAMA. 2004 Aug 25;292(8):935–42. [PubMed: 15328325]

22.: Adler DA, Bungay KM, Wilson IB. et al. The impact of a pharmacist intervention on 6-month outcomes in depressed primary care patients. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2004 May–Jun;26(3):199–209. [PubMed: 15121348]

23.: Bungay KM, Adler DA, Rogers WH. et al. Description of a clinical pharmacist intervention administered to primary care patients with depression. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2004 May–Jun;26(3):210–8. [PubMed: 15121349]

24.: Finley PR, Rens HR, Pont JT. et al. Impact of a collaborative care model on depression in a primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial. Pharmacotherapy. 2003 Sep;23(9):1175–85. [PubMed: 14524649]

25.: Swindle RW, Rao JK, Helmy A. et al. Integrating clinical nurse specialists into the treatment of primary care patients with depression. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2003;33(1):17–37. [PubMed: 12906341]

26.: Jaycox LH, Miranda J, Meredith LS. et al. Impact of a primary care quality improvement intervention on use of psychotherapy for depression. Mental Health Services Research. 2003 Jun;5(2):109–20. [PubMed: 12801074]

27.: Sherbourne CD, Wells KB, Duan N. et al. Long-term effectiveness of disseminating quality improvement for depression in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;58(7):696–703. [PubMed: 11448378]

28.: Schoenbaum M, Unutzer J, McCaffrey D. et al. The effects of primary care depression treatment on patients' clinical status and employment. Health Services Research. 2002 Oct;37(5):1145–58. [PMC free article: PMC1464020] [PubMed: 12479490]

29.: Wells K. The design of Partners in Care: evaluating the cost-effectiveness of improving care for depression in primary care. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology. 1999 Jan;34(1):20–9. [PubMed: 10073117]

30.: Wells K, Sherbourne C, Schoenbaum M. et al. Impact of disseminating quality improvement programs for depression in managed primary care: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000 Jan 12;283(2):212–20. [PubMed: 10634337]

31.: Datto CJ, Thompson R, Horowitz D. et al. The pilot study of a telephone disease management program for depression. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2003 May–Jun;25(3):169–77. [PubMed: 12748029]

32.: Hedrick SC, Chaney EF, Felker B. et al. Effectiveness of collaborative care depression treatment in Veterans' Affairs primary care.[see comment] Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2003 Jan;18(1):9–16. [PMC free article: PMC1494801] [PubMed: 12534758]

33.: Katon W, Von Korff M, Lin E. et al. Collaborative management to achieve depression treatment guidelines. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1997;58(Suppl 1):20–3. [PubMed: 9054905]

34.: Katon W, Von Korff M, Lin E. et al. Stepped collaborative care for primary care patients with persistent symptoms of depression: a randomized trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1999 Dec;56(12):1109–15. [PubMed: 10591288]

35.: Katon W, Robinson P, Von Korff M. et al. A multifaceted intervention to improve treatment of depression in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996 Oct;53(10):924–32. [PubMed: 8857869]

36.: Katon W, Rutter C, Ludman EJ. et al. A randomized trial of relapse prevention of depression in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001 Mar;58(3):241–7. [PubMed: 11231831]

37.: Ludman E, Von Korff M, Katon W. et al. The design, implementation, and acceptance of a primary care-based intervention to prevent depression relapse. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2000;30(3):229–45. [PubMed: 11209991]

38.: Boudreau DM, Capoccia KL, Sullivan SD. et al. Collaborative care model to improve outcomes in major depression. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2002 Apr;36(4):585–91. [PubMed: 11918503]

39.: Capoccia KL, Boudreau DM, Blough DK. et al. Randomized trial of pharmacist interventions to improve depression care and outcomes in primary care. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2004 Feb 15;61(4):364–72. [PubMed: 15011764]

40.: Tutty S, Simon G, Ludman E. Telephone counseling as an adjunct to antidepressant treatment in the primary care system. A pilot study.[see comment] Effective Clinical Practice. 2000 Jul–Aug;3(4):170–8. [PubMed: 11183432]

41.: Hunkeler EM, Meresman JF, Hargreaves WA. et al. Efficacy of nurse telehealth care and peer support in augmenting treatment of depression in primary care [see comment][comment] Archives of Family Medicine. 2000 Aug;9(8):700–8. [PubMed: 10927707]

42.: Rost K, Nutting PA, Smith J. et al. Designing and implementing a primary care intervention trial to improve the quality and outcome of care for major depression. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2000 Mar–Apr;22(2):66–77. [PubMed: 10822094]

43.: Rost K, Nutting P, Smith JL. et al. Managing depression as a chronic disease: a randomised trial of ongoing treatment in primary care. BMJ. 2002 Oct 26;325(7370):934–7. [PMC free article: PMC130058] [PubMed: 12399343]

44.: Rost K, Nutting P, Smith JL. et al. Improving depression outcomes in community primary care practice: a randomized trial of the QuEST intervention. Quality Enhancement by Strategic Teaming. Journal of General Internal Me. 2002 Mar;16(3):143–9. [PMC free article: PMC1495192] [PubMed: 11318908]

45.: Simon G, VonKorff M, Rutter C. et al. Randomised trial of monitoring, feedback, and management of care by telephone to improve treatment of depression in primary care.[see comment] BMJ. 2000 Feb 26;320(7234):550–4. [PMC free article: PMC27299] [PubMed: 10688563]

46.: Hilty DM, Marks S, Wegeland J. et al. A randomized, controlled trial of disease management modules, including telepsychiatric care, for depression in rural primary care. Psychiatry. 2007 Feb;4(2):58–65. [PMC free article: PMC2922348] [PubMed: 20805900]

47.: Katzelnick D, Simon G, Pearson S. et al. Randomized trial of a depression management program in high utilizers of medical care.[see comment] Archives of Family Medicine. 2000 Apr;9(4):345–51. [PubMed: 10776363]

48.: Roy-Byrne PP, Katon W, Cowley DS. et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of collaborative care for patients with panic disorder in primary care.[see comment] Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;58(9):869–76. [PubMed: 11545671]

49.: Roy-Byrne P, Stein MB, Russo J. et al. Medical illness and response to treatment in primary care panic disorder. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2005 Jul–Aug;27(4):237–43. [PubMed: 15993254]

50.: Roy-Byrne PP, Craske MG, Stein MB. et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder.[see comment] Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;62(3):290–8. [PMC free article: PMC1237029] [PubMed: 15753242]

51.: Sullivan G, Craske MG, Sherbourne C. et al. Design of the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management study: Innovations in collaborative care for anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2007 Sep–Oct;29(5):379–87. [PMC free article: PMC2095116] [PubMed: 17888803]

52.: Rollman BL, Belnap BH, Mazumdar S. et al. A randomized trial to improve the quality of treatment for panic and generalized anxiety disorders in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005 Dec;62(12):1332–41. [PubMed: 16330721]

53.: Rollman BL, Herbeck Belnap B, Reynolds CF. et al. A contemporary protocol to assist primary care physicians in the treatment of panic and generalized anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2003 Mar–Apr;25(2):74–82. [PubMed: 12676419]

54.: Price D, Beck A, Nimmer C. et al. The treatment of anxiety disorders in a primary care. HMO setting Psychiatric Quarterly. 2000;71(1):31–45. [PubMed: 10736815]

55.: Katon W, Von Korff M, Lin E. et al. A randomized trial of psychiatric consultation with distressed high utilizers. General Hospital Psychiatry. 1992 Mar;14(2):86–98. [PubMed: 1592254]

56.: Epstein JN, Rabiner D, Johnson DE. et al. Improving attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment outcomes through use of a collaborative consultation treatment service by community-based pediatricians: a cluster randomized trial. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2007 Sep;161(9):835–40. [PubMed: 17768282]

57.: Oslin DW, Grantham S, Coakley E. et al. PRISM-E: comparison of integrated care and enhanced specialty referral in managing at-risk alcohol use.[erratum appears in Psychiatr Serv 2006 Oct;57(10):1492 Note: Olsen, Ed [added]; Kirchner, JoAnn E [added]; Levkoff, Sue [added]] Psychiatric Services. 2006 Jul;57(7):954–8. [PMC free article: PMC3169203] [PubMed: 16816279]

58.: Parthasarathy S, Mertens J, Moore C. et al. Utilization and cost impact of integrating substance abuse treatment and primary care. Medical Care. 2003 Mar;41(3):357–67. [PubMed: 12618639]

59.: Weisner C, Mertens J, Parthasarathy S. et al. Integrating primary medical care with addiction treatment: a randomized controlled trial.[see comment] JAMA. 2001 Oct 10;286(14):1715–23. [PMC free article: PMC3056510] [PubMed: 11594896]

60.: Druss BG, Rohrbaugh RM, Levinson CM. et al. Integrated medical care for patients with serious psychiatric illness: a randomized trial.[see comment] Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;58(9):861–8. [PubMed: 11545670]

61.: Willenbring M, Olson D. A randomized trial of integrated outpatient treatment for medically ill alcoholic men. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1999 Sep 13;159(16):1946–52. [PubMed: 10493326]

Publication Details

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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US), Rockville (MD)

NLM Citation

Butler M, Kane RL, McAlpine D, et al. Integration of Mental Health/Substance Abuse and Primary Care. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008 Oct. (Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 173.) Appendix E: Evidence Table.

Project Name or 1^st Author, Year, Study Design	Study Aim	Study Period	Patient Population	Settings	Outcomes Measured
Depression Disorders
Fortney, 2007 ^1, ² RCT Randomized by matched site	Assess telemedicine - based collaborative care vs. usual care to improve depression care at small clinics without on-site psychiatrists.	Recruitment 2003. Study period 12 months.	Current VA patients diagnosed with depression. 92% male, 75% white, mean age 59. Control N=218 Intervention N=177	7 rural VA community-based outpatient clinics with no on-site psychiatry or psychology in AK, MS, LA.	Depression symptoms, remission, treatment response, adherence. Physical, mental quality of life, wellbeing, and patient satisfaction. Model fidelity.

PRISM-E (for depression) ³ ^– ⁵ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess integrated vs. enhanced referral care for improving depression outcomes in elderly patients.	Recruitment March 2000 to March 2002. Study period 6 months	Elderly primary care patients: 31% female, 55% non-white, mean age 74 Integrated N=758 Referral N=773	10 practices with 34 urban, suburban, and rural clinics. 5 VA, 3 community health, 2 hospital networks in the Northeast, Miami, and Chicago	Depression symptoms, remission, MH QoL. Program use.

Geron, 2006 ⁶ RCT	Assess social worker care manager vs. usual care for depressed home-dwelling frail elderly	Study period 12 months. Recruitment period not completed.	Current patients over 65 years with 2 or more chronic medical conditions, ER visit or hospital admission in past 6 months	An MCO urban primary care clinic.	Depression symptoms, satisfaction, QoL, adverse health outcomes, physical function, utilization, cost

Grypma, 2006 ⁷ Cohort	Assess adapted version of IMPACT post trial vs. usual care on depression care for adults.	Study period 12 months. IMPACT study period 1999-2001. Post-trial data from 2002-2004.	Current adult patients. 8.4% male, average age 63, 63% above 60 years RCT controls N=116 Post-study intervention N=95	2 Kaiser Permanente practices in San Diego area	Depression symptoms, utilization

IMPACT ⁸ ^– ¹² RCT Randomized by patient	Assess collaborative care vs. usual care on depression care for elderly.	Recruitment July 1999 to August 2000. Intervention 12 months. Study period 2 years.	Current patients 60+ years old with depression. 65% female, 77% white, Control N=895 Intervention N=906	7 national sites in Indiana, Texas, Washington, and California. Rural and urban. Group and academic practices, and VA.	Depression symptoms, treatment response, remission, patient self-efficacy, function and QoL, satisfaction, antidepression medication use, treatment utilization

Clarke, 2005 ¹³ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess collaborative care with CBT vs. usual care for depressed HMO pediatric primary care patients.	Recruitment March 2000 to November 2001. Study period 1 year.	Pediatric patients age 12–18 years old in a current major depression episode. Average age 15, 77% female, 14% non-white. Control N=75 Intervention N=77	HMO pediatric clinic in Portland, OR, part of Kaiser Permanente	Depression symptoms, relapse, QoL, satisfaction, utilization

PROSPECT ¹⁴ ^– ¹⁶ RCT Randomization by matched sites	Assess guideline based depression recognition and treatment program vs. usual care for elderly patients to prevent and reduce suicidal behavior	Recruitment May 1999 to August 2001. Study period 2 years	English speaking patients over 60 years with major depression. 31% above age 75, 72% female, 32% non-white. Control N=278 Intervention N=320	18 clinics in New York, Pennsylvania, and Pittsburgh. Group, university affiliated, and solo practices in urban, suburban, and rural locations.	Depression symptoms, treatment response, and remission, utilization

Pathways ^17, ¹⁸ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess collaborative care vs. usual care for adult diabetes patients with depression	Recruitment April 2001 to May 2002. Intervention 12 months. Study period 2 years	English speaking adult diabetes patients with major depression. Average age 58, 65% female, 81% white. Control N=165 Intervention N-165	9 HMO clinics within 40 mile radius of Seattle.	Depression symptoms, diabetes outcomes and self-care, functional and QoL, adherence and utilization, cost-effectiveness.

RESPECT-D ^19, ²⁰ RCT	Assess evidence-based model of depression management vs. usual care for adult patients with depression	Recruitment February 2002 to February 2003. Patient study period 6 months.	English speaking patients 18 years or older starting treatment for major depression. Average age 42, 80% female, 17% non-white. Control N=181 Intervention N=224	3 medical groups and 2 health plans across U.S., each with at least 10 PC practices and established QI programs. 60 practices, matched and randomized.	Depression symptoms, treatment response, remission, utilization

Simon, 2004 ²¹ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess telephone care management and telephone care management plus psychotherapy vs. usual care for adult patients with depression.	Recruitment November 2000 to May 2002. Study period 6 months.	Adult patients beginning antidepressant treatment. Average age 44, 74% female, 79% white Control N=195 Telephone care N=207 Telephone care + psychotherapy N=198	7 urban and suburban HMO clinics in Washington State.	Depression symptoms, remission, adequate pharmacotherapy.

Adler, 2004 ^22, ²³ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess pharmacist adherence management vs. usual care for adult patients with depression.	Study period 6 months. Recruitment not reported.	English speaking adults with major depression. Average age 42, 72% female, 72% white. Control N=265 Intervention N=268	9 group practice clinics in Boston area, with 5 clinics at an academic medical center.	Depression symptoms, antidepressant utilization and adherence.

Finley, 2004 ²⁴ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess collaborative care with pharmacist care manager vs. usual care for adults with depression.	Study period 6 months. Recruitment not reported	Adult patients beginning antidepressant treatment. Average age 54, 85% female. Control N=50 Intervention N=75	HMO clinic in San Rafael, CA.	Depression symptoms, treatment response, remission, change in disability, adherence and utilization, cost.

Swindle, 2003 ²⁵ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess collaborative care with MH clinical nurse care manager vs. usual care for veterans with depression	Study period 12 months. Recruitment not reported.	Community dwelling adult patients with depression. 97% male, 85% white. Control N=134 Treatment N=134	2 Indianapolis VA clinics, randomized by site.	Depression symptoms, utilization, cost.

Partners in Care ²⁶ ^– ³⁰ RCT Randomized by site	Assess quality improvements in medication management and therapy vs. usual care for adults with depression	Intervention 6 months. Study period 2 years. Recruitment not reported.	English or Spanish speaking adult patients with depression. Average age 44, 71% female, 30% Hispanic. Control N=430 QI Meds N=405 QI Therapy N=464	6 MCOs representing geographically diverse regions in U.S., with 46 clinics.	Depression symptoms, QoL, employment, utilization, overall poor outcome (constructed measure)

Datto, 2003 ³¹ RCT Randomized across sites	Assess telephone-based depression management for acute phase depression vs. usual care for adult patients.	Study period 16 weeks. Recruitment not reported.	Patients with depression. Average age 48, 61% female, 80% white. Control N=31 Intervention N=30	35 urban and suburban clinics in Pennsylvania.	Depression symptoms, QoL, clinician and patient adherence.

Hedrick, 2003 ³² RCT Randomized across sites	Assess collaborative care vs. usual consult-liaison care for VA patients with depression.	Study period 9 months. Recruitment January 1998 to March 1999.	Current patient with major depression, dysthymia, or both. Average age 57, 95% male, 80% white. Control N=186 Intervention N=168	4 clinics in Seattle division of VA-Puget Sound.	Depression symptoms, treatment response, remission, QoL, medication utilization.

Katon, 1995 ³³ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess collaborative care vs. usual care for adult patients with depression.	Study period 12 months. Intervention period up to 9 months. Recruitment not reported.	English speaking, current adult patients beginning antidepressants. Average age 48, 76% female. Control N=109 Intervention N=108	Northgate Medical Center, Group Health Cooperative HMO in western Washington state, a family physician clinic.	Depression symptoms, disability, medication adherence, satisfaction, utilization

Katon, 1999 ³⁴ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess stepped collaborative care vs. usual care for adult patients with depression.	Study period 6 months. Recruitment not reported.	English speaking, current adult patients beginning antidepressants. Average age 47, 75% female, 80% white. Control N=114 Intervention N=114	4 Group Health Cooperative HMO clinics in Seattle area.	Depression symptoms, disability, medication adherence, costs

Katon, 1996 ³⁵ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess collaborative care vs. usual care for adult patients with depression.	Study period 6 months. Recruitment not reported.	English speaking, current adult patients beginning antidepressants. Average age 46, 74% female, 87% white. Control N=76 Intervention N=77	Northgate Medical Center, Group Health Cooperative HMO in western Washington state, a family physician clinic.	Depression symptoms, disability, medication adherence, costs

Katon, 2001 ^36, ³⁷ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess collaborative care vs. usual care for adult patients at risk for depression relapse	Study period 12 months. Recruitment not reported.	English speaking, current adult patients beginning antidepressants. Average age 46, 73% female, 90% white. Control N=192 Intervention N=194	4 Group Health Cooperative HMO clinics in Seattle area.	Depression symptoms, depression relapse, medication adherence

Capoccia 2004 ^38, ³⁹ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess pharmacist based collaborative care vs. usual care for adults with depression	Recruitment from November 1999 to March 2001. Study period 12 months.	English speaking current adult patients beginning antidepressants. Average age 39, 57% female, 22% non-white. Control N=33 Intervention N=41	Academic family practice clinic in Seattle.	Depression symptoms, QoL, medication adherence, utilization, cost.

Tutty, 2000 ⁴⁰ Cohort	Assess telephone counseling and medication monitoring for adult patients with depression.	Study period 6 months. Recruitment not reported.	Adult patients beginning antidepressants. Average age 47, 69% female. Control N=94 Intervention N=28	One Group Health Cooperative clinic in Olympia.	Depression symptoms, treatment response, remission, adequate dosage.

Hunkeler 2000 ⁴¹ RCT Randomized by site	Assess nurse telehealth care vs. usual care for adults with depression.	Study period 6 months. Recruitment not reported.	English speaking adults with SSRI prescription for depression. About 70% female, 37% non-white. Control N=123 Intervention N=179	2 Kaiser Permanente clinics in northern CA.	Depression symptoms, treatment response, QoL, adherence.

QuEST ⁴² ^– ⁴⁴ RCT Randomized by matched site	Assess guideline based depression treatment program vs. usual care for adult patients with depression.	Recruitment from April 1996 to September 1997. Study period 2 years.	English reading current adult patients with depression. Average age 43, 84% female, 16% non-white. Control N=240 Intervention N=239	12 practices across U.S. Urban and rural.	Depression symptoms, QoL, guideline concordant care.

Simon, 2000 ⁴⁵ RCT Randomized by patients	Assess feedback only or feedback plus care management vs. usual care for adult patients with depression.	Study period 6 months. Intervention period 4 months. Recruitment period not reported.	Current adult patients newly prescribed antidepressants. Average age 46 years, 72% female. Control N=196 Feedback only N=221 FB and care mgmt N=196	5 HMO primary care clinics in Washington state	Depression symptoms, treatment response, remission, adequate dosage, cost

Hilty, 2007 ⁴⁶ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess usual care depression management with telepsychiatric and PCP training vs. usual care depression management for adult patients with depression.	Study period 1 year. 2 year recruitment, period not reported.	English speaking current adult patients with depression willing to take antidepressants. Median age 46, 80% female, 10% non-white. Control N=41 Intervention N=52	8 rural primary care clinics, average 140 miles from UC Davis Medical Center.	Depression symptoms, functioning and QoL, satisfaction.

Katzelnick, 2000 ⁴⁷ RCT Randomization across sites by physician practices	Assess depression management vs. usual care for high utilizers with depression, not in active treatment	Study period 12 months. Recruitment period not reported.	Current adult patients above 85^th percentile in utilization for previous 2 years. Average age 45, 77% female, 83% white Control N=189 Intervention N=218	3 HMOs in the Midwest, Northwest and New England regions, 163 primary care practices.	Depression symptoms, treatment response, remission, functioning and QoL, utilization

Anxiety Disorders
Roy-Byrne, 2001 ⁴⁸ RCT Randomized by patient	Assess collaborative care vs. usual care for adult patients with panic disorder.	Study period 12 months. Recruitment not reported.	English speaking adult patients with at least one panic attack in last month. Average age 41, 57% female, 67% white. Control N=58 Intervention N=57	3 urban and suburban group practice clinics in Seattle area, 2 are university associated.	Panic, anxiety, and depression symptoms, treatment response, remission, QoL, appropriate medication and dosage, adherence.

CCAP ^49, ⁵⁰ RCT Randomized by patient, stratified within site	Assess collaborative care vs. usual care for adults with panic disorder.	Recruitment March 2000 to March 2002. Study period 1 year.	English speaking adult patients with at least one panic attack within last week. Average age 41, 67% female, 66% white Control N=113 Intervention N=119	University affiliated primary care clinics in Seattle, San Diego, and Los Angeles	Remission, treatment response, anxiety sensitivity, depression symptoms, QoL and functional disability, utilization

CALM ⁵¹ RCT Randomized across sites	Assess collaborative care vs. usual care for adult patients with anxiety disorders, including GAD, PTSD, PD, and SAD	Study period 18 months. Recruitment not complete	English speaking adult current patients with GAD, PTSD, PD and SAD, N to be1040, 260 at each site	Seattle, WA, Los Angeles and San Diego, CA, and Little Rock, AK	Anxiety disorder symptoms, functioning and QoL, satisfaction, utilization. Design only. No results yet

Rollman, 2005 ^52, ⁵³ RCT Randomized by patients	Assess telephone-based collaborative care vs. usual care for adult anxiety and panic disorder patients.	Recruitment July 2000 to April 2002. Study period 12 months	English speaking, adult current patients with anxiety disorders. Average age 44 years, 81% female, 95% white. Control N=75 Intervention N=116	13 PCPs in Pittsburgh area, urban academic, suburban, and rural.	Anxiety disorder symptoms, depression symptoms, QoL, utilization, employment status

Price, 2000 ⁵⁴ Matched Cohort	Assess integrated care vs. usual care for adult patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and GAD secondary to depression.	Study period 6 months. Recruitment not reported	English speaking, adult current patients with GAD. Mean age 49 years, 80% female, 86% white. Control N=111 Intervention N=113	Kaiser Permanente clinics in Westminster, CO. Intervention patients family practice, control patients internal medicine	Anxiety symptoms, satisfaction

Other
Katon, 1992 ⁵⁵ RCT Randomized by patients, stratified by physician and blocked	Assess effect of psychiatric consultation vs. usual care for distressed high utilizers of medical care.	Study period 12 months. Recruitment not reported.	Top 10% adult ambulatory care utilizers of appropriate age group with psychiatric distress. Average age 47, 61% female. Control N=127 Intervention N=124	2 primary care clinics of Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.	Psychiatric distress, functional disability, utilization, use of and adherence to antidepressants

Epstein, 2007 ⁵⁶ RCT Randomized by pediatricians	Assess collaborative care consultative service for titration and monitoring vs. usual care to improve ADHD care.	Study period 1 year. Recruitment not reported.	1^st through 5^th grade children with ADHD Control N=215 Intervention N=162	12 community-based pediatric practices without onsite psychiatry or psychologist.	ADHD symptoms. Titration trials, medication management, dosage, adherence

PRISM-E (for at-risk alcohol use) ^4, ^5, ⁵⁷ RCT Randomized by patients	Assess integrated vs. enhanced referral care for managing at-risk alcohol use in elderly patients	Recruitment March 2000 to March 2002. Study period 6 months (on-going)	Elderly primary care patients. 92% male, 70% white, mean age 72 Intervention N=280 Referral N=280	9 practices with 34 urban, suburban, and rural clinics. 5 VA, 2 community health, 2 hospital networks in the Northeast, Miami, and Chicago	Drinking severity, MH QoL, Program use.

Backward Integration
Weisner, 2001 ^58, ⁵⁹ RCT Randomized by patients	Assess integrated vs. usual care for medical and substance abuse care	Recruitment April 1997 to December 1998. Study period 6 months	Adult patients admitted to a chemical dependency program. Mean age 37, 55% male, 74% white. Control N=307 Intervention N=285	Kaiser Permanente's Chemical Dependency Recovery Program, southern CA	Abstinence, treatment utilization. No primary care outcomes
Druss, 2001 ⁶⁰ RCT Randomized by patients Willenbring, 1999 ⁶¹ RCT Randomized by patients	Assess integrated medical health care vs. usual care for patients with serious mental illness	Study period 12 months. Recruitment not reported.	VA mental health patients without a current primary care provider. Mean age 45, 99% male, 70% white Control N=61 Intervention N=59	West Haven, CT, VAMC	Utilization, quality of preventive care, satisfaction, physical and mental health status, costs
Assess integrated outpatient treatment vs. usual care for alcohol-related medically ill alcohol abuse patients	Study period 2 years. Recruitment period not reported.	VA patients with current alcohol abuse behavior and alcohol-related medical illness. Mean age=55.1 Control N=53 Intervention N=48	Minneapolis, MN VA medical center	Drinking severity, quality of life, utilization