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Couch R, Jetha M, Dryden DM, et al. Diabetes Education for Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Families. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008 Apr. (Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 166.)
This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.
Diabetes Education for Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Families.
Show detailsTable F1Characteristics of study population and study setting in studies assessing the effectiveness of diabetes education for children with type 1 diabetes and their families
| Author Year | Sample Size (n) Study Design Location | Age, Mean±SD % Male | Duration of Diabetes, Mean±SD HbA1c at Baseline, Mean±SD | Other Characteristics | Intervention Setting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anderson5 1999 | 89 RCT (parallel) United States | IG1 12.7 yr. ±1.40 50% IG2 12.7 yr. ±1.40 50% CG 12.5 yr. ±1.4 52% | IG1 5.3 yr. ±2.56 8.3%±1.10 IG2 6.1 yr. ±2.78 8.7%±1.19 CG 5.2 yr. ±2.17 8.6%±0.97 | Duration of diabetes >1 yr. | IG1 - Diabetes responsibilities IG2 - Didactic diabetes education CG - Standard care Diabetes center |
| Anderson6 1989 | 70 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 12.9 yr. 46.7% CG 12.5 yr. 46.7% | IG 4.9 yr. ±3.2 10.47%±2.30 CG 5.1 yr. ±3.3 10.42%±1.9 | Duration of diabetes >1 yr. | IG - Self-management skills, problem solving CG - Standard care Clinic |
| Barglow7 1983 | 42 CCT United States | IG 13.4 yr. ±3.3 43% CG 12.2 yr. ±2.5 24% | IG 4.9 yr. ±3.8 12.2%±2.3 CG 3.2 yr. ±3.0 12.1%±3.5 | IG - Intensive treatment CG - Standard care Diabetes center | |
| Boardway8 1993 | 31 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 15.44 yr. ±1.19 22.2% CG 14.32 yr. ±1.71 60.0% | IG 6.92 yr. ±5.79 13.99%±2.41 CG 6.34 yr. ±2.61 15.74%±3.57 | Noncompliance and/or poor metabolic control | IG - Stress management plus self-management skills CG - Standard care Outpatient clinic |
| Brown9 1997 | 59 RCT (parallel) United States | IG NR CG NR | IG NR 8.47%±1.64 CG NR 8.28%±1.89 | Duration of diabetes >3 mo. | IG - Diabetes video game CG - Pinball video game Home |
| Campaigne10 1985 | 16 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 16.0 yr. ±3 33.3% CG 15.0 yr. ±0.9 60.0% | IG 6.6 yr. ±3.3 12.0%±3.0 CG 6.2 yr. ±2.5 12.0%±2.2 | IG - Exercise sessions CG - Standard care NR | |
| Caravalho11 2000 | 56 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG 9.8 yr. 45% | IG 3 yr. 9.15%±2.32 | IG - Self-management skills, telephone assessments Home, diabetes center | |
| Christensen12 2000 | 68 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG NR 47.1% | IG 5.04 yr. 9.6% | IG - Nutrition and diet Camp | |
| Cigrang13 1991 | 37 RCT (parallel) United States | IG1 14.6 yr. ±1.6 46.7% IG2 13.5 yr. ±1.7 30.8% CG 13.9 yr. ±1.4 55.6% | IG1 4.9 yr. ±2.9 9.07%±0.88 IG2 4.5 yr. ±2.9 9.92%±2.2 CG 6.7 yr. ±3.5 8.91%±1.2 | Poor metabolic control | IG1 - Stress coping strategies IG2 - Diabetes lectures CG - Standard care Hospital |
| Couper14 1999 | 69 CCT Australia | IG 14.2 yr. ±1.7 48.6% CG 14.3 yr. ±1.9 31.3% | IG 7.08 yr. ±3.6 11.1%±1.3 CG 5.83 yr. ±3.0 10.5%±1.6 | Poor metabolic control | IG - Goal setting CG - Standard care Hospital, home |
| Coupland15 1992 | 32 RCT (parallel) Canada | IG 14.5 yr. ±1.41 53% CG 14.7 yr. ±1.75 33% | IG 4.80 yr. ±2.59 11.6%±1.4 CG 6.64 yr. ±3.02 11.3%±1.22 | Noncompliance and/or poor metabolic control | IG - General diabetes knowledge and family adherence CG - General diabetes knowledge, stress coping NR |
| Delamater16 1991 | 13 RCT (parallel) United States | IG1 NR 33% CG NR 57% TG 14.9 yr. 46% | IG NR CG NR TG 6.5 yr. range: 2.5–15 yr. 10.9%±1.6 | Noncompliance and/or poor metabolic control | IG - Self-management skills, psychosocial skills CG - Standard care Hospital outpatient clinic |
| Delamater17 1990 | 36 RCT (parallel) United States | IG1 9.3 yr. ±3.9 58% IG2 8.6 yr. ±4.1 50% CG 9.8 yr. ±2.6 50% | IG1 < 4 mo. 10.4%±3.1 IG2 < 4mo. 11.1%±2.4 CG < 4 mo 12.3%±2.5 | Newly diagnosed | IG1 - Self-management skills and problem solving IG2 - Psychosocial adjustment CG - Standard care Hospital, home |
| Dougherty18 1999 | 63 RCT (parallel) Canada | IG 10.7 yr. ±3.9 40.6% CG 9.8 yr. ±3.9 48.4% | IG 0 yr. 10.0%±2.0 CG 0 yr. 10.7%±1.3 | Newly diagnosed | IG - General diabetes knowledge (in home) CG - General diabetes knowledge (in hospital) Hospital, home |
| Golden19 1985 | 19 CCT United States | IG1 2.7 yr. 54.54% IG2 NR 62.5% | IG1 NR IG2 NR | Newly diagnosed | IG1 - Diabetes management in motel-like setting IG2 - Delayed IG1 Diabetes center, parent care unit, a motel-like setting |
| Greco20 2001 | 23 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG 13.1 yr. ±1.98 52.38% IG (Peer) 13.6 yr. ±2.25 52.38% | IG 0.7025 yr. ±0.385 NR IG (Peer) NA | IG - General diabetes knowledge, listening and problem solving skills, stress management IG (Peer) - a “best friend” received the same intervention Outpatient clinic | |
| Grey21 2000 | 77 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 14.1 yr. ±1.8 48.8% CG 14.6 yr. ±2.2 35.3% | IG NR 9.1%±1.4 CG NR 9.2%±1.5 | Duration of diabetes >1 yr. | IG - Coping skills training CG - Standard care Hospital, home |
| Gross22 1985 | 14 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 11.4 yr. 57.14% CG 11.5 yr. 28.57% TG 11.4 yr. 42.85% | IG NR CG NR TG 4.8 yr. | ≥3 deficit social skill behaviors | IG - Behavior modification CG - Open-ended discussion NR |
| Gross23 1983 | 11 RCT (parallel) United States | IG NR | IG NR | IG - Social training CG - No social training Treatment room | |
| Hackett24 1989 | 119 RCT (parallel) United Kingdom | IG1 12.7 yr. ±2.9 62.5% IG2 11.4 yr. ±3.3 65.5% IG3 12.4 yr. ±3.6 53.1% CG 11.7 yr. ±3.3 69.2% | IG1 4.6 yr. ±2.9 11.1%±2.7 IG2 5.9 yr. ±2.8 11.2%±1.7 IG3 5.3 yr. ±3.2 11.0%±2.3 CG 5.0 yr. ±3.1 10.8%±2.1 | IG1 - General diabetes knowledge and reinforcement sessions IG2 - General diabetes knowledge IG3 - General diabetes knowledge, 10 mo. after IG1 and IG2 CG - No intervention Clinic | |
| Hains25 2000 | 15 RCT (parallel) United States | IG NR 37.5% CG NR 50.0% | IG NR 10.06%±1.07 CG NR 9.95%±1.42 | Poor metabolic control | IG - Cognitive behavioral stress training CG - No intervention Hospital |
| Hakimi26 1998 | 35 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 11.4 yr. ±2.5 26.7% CG 11.7 yr. ±2.7 55.5% TG 11.5 yr. ±2.5 37.5% | IG 0 yr. NR CG 0 yr. NR TG 0 yr. NR | Newly diagnosed | IG - General diabetes knowledge plus psychosocial issues CG - General diabetes knowledge NR |
| Harkavy27 1983 | 93 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG 13.2 yr. 48% | IG 4.7 yr. NR | IG - General diabetes education Camp | |
| Harris28 2005 | 18 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG 67 yr. NR | IG 14.7 11.3%±1.5 | Noncompliance and/or poor metabolic control | IG - Behavioral family systems therapy Home |
| Hill29 2006 | 134 Prospective cohort with concurrent control United States | IG NR CG NR 50% TG NR 50% | IG NR CG NR TG NR | IG - General diabetes knowledge, choice and sense of self-control CG - Regular camp Camp | |
| Hoff30 2005 | 46 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 9.3 yr. ±4.7 47% CG 9.4 yr. ±3.4 59% TG 9.4 yr. ±4.1 53% | IG < 6mo. NR CG < 6 mo. NR TG < 6 mo. NR | Newly diagnosed | IG - Construct of illness, uncertainty management CG - Standard care Hospital endocrinology clinic |
| Horan31 1990 | 20 RCT (parallel) United States | IG NR 30.0% CG NR 30.0% | IG NR 10.0% CG NR 9.6% | Duration fo diabetes >1 yr. | IG - Dynamic and colourful education modules CG - Static, black-and-white education modules Home |
| Howe32 2005 | 89 RCT (parallel) United States | IG1 13.6 yr. ±2.0 57.1% IG2 12.1 yr. ±4.0 50.0% CG 12.2 yr. ±3.7 57.1% | IG1 NR 10.1%±1.2 IG2 NR 10.0%±1.4 CG NR 10.2%±1.4 | IG1 - General diabetes knowledge (family session) IG2 - IG1 plus telephone calls CG - Standard care Diabetes center, home | |
| Kaplan33 1985 | 21 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 14.9 yr. ±1.6 40% CG 14.0 yr. ±1.4 36.4% | IG NR 12.6%±2.4 CG NR 13.5%±1.6 | IG - Social skills training CG - General diabetes knowledge (lectures) Summer school | |
| Karaguzel34 2005 | 25 Uncontrolled before-and-after study Turkey | IG 13.2 yr. ±2.6 36% | IG 5.0 yr. ±4.1 9.28%±2.46 | Moderate-poor metabolic control | IG - General diabetes education Camp |
| Kemp35 1986 | 42 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG 10 yr. NR | IG NR 8.1%±1.9 | IG - General diabetes education Camp | |
| Kennedy-Iwai36 1991 | 19 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 6.0 yr. ±3.2 NR CG 7.1 yr. ±4.4 NR | IG 0.75 yr. ±0.41 9.72%±2.73 CG 0.78 yr. ±0.43 8.69%±2.40 | Newly diagnosed | IG - Communication program for parents CG - General diabetes education Home |
| Koontz37 2001 | 112 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG1 NR 30.8% IG2 NR 35.2% IG3 NR 44.4% | IG1 5.85 yr. ±4.26 8.32%±1.60 IG2 5.56 yr. ±3.45 8.93%±2.06 IG3 4.22 yr. ±2.62 7.99%±1.42 | IG1 - General diabetes knowledge (grades 9–10) IG2 - General diabetes knowledge (grades 6–8) IG3 - General diabetes knowledge (grades 2–5) Camp | |
| Laffel38 2003 | 105 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 11.9 yr. ±2.4 54% CG 12.2 yr. ±2.2 52% | IG 2.7 yr. ±1.6 8.4%±1.3 CG 2.7 yr. ±1.6 8.3%±1.0 | IG - General diabetes education, responsibility sharing CG - Standard care Diabetes center, home | |
| Lawson39 2000 | 28 Retrospective cohort Canada | IG1 15.8 yr. ±4.0 NR IG2 15.0 yr. ±1.8 NR | IG1 7.7 yr. ±1.7 9.5%±1.2 IG2 6.8 yr. ±2.9 8.2%±1.3 | Motivated to improve metabolic control | IG1 - 6–8 hours, general diabetes knowledge, telephone calls IG2 - 4 hours, general diabetes knowledge Diabetes center, home |
| Likitmaskul40 2002 | 52 Prospective cohort with historical control Thailand | IG 7.07 yr. ±3.87 45.8% CG 8.4 yr. ±3.26 35.7% | IG 0 yr. 17.42% CG 0 yr. 13.56% | Newly diagnosed | IG - Self-management skills, hypoglycemia CG - Standard care Hospital |
| Lipman41 1988 | 30 Retrospective cohort United States | IG 7.4 yr. ±4.3 81.8% IG 7.4 yr. ±3.5 69.2% | IG 0 yr. NR CG 0 yr. NR | Newly diagnosed | IG - Clinical nurse specialist plus staff nurses deliver education CG - Staff nurses deliver education Hospital |
| Lucey42 1985 | 49 CCT United Kingdom | IG 11.7 yr. 50% CG 12.25 yr NR | IG NR CG NR | Poor theoretical and practical diabetes skills | IG - General diabetes knowledge, problem solving CG - No intervention NR |
| Mann43 1984 | 39 RCT (parallel) United Kingdom | IG1 11.2 yr. ±2.7 65% IG2 12.3 yr. ±2.2 52.6% | IG1 5.9 yr. ±3.3 12.7%±2.0 IG2 5.6 yr. ±3.2 14.1%±1.3 | Poor metabolic control | IG1 - Home visits, instructional videos, telephone contact IG2 - IG1 plus graphically tracking of BG data Home, community, outpatient clinic |
| Marteau44 1987 | 97 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United Kingdom | IG 10.7 yr. 27.8% | IG NR | IG - Problem solving, self-help groups, best care Hotel | |
| Mason45 1985 | 93 CCT United States | IG NR CG NR | IG NR CG NR | IG - Diabetes board game CG - Same as IG (non-diabetic) School, diabetes center | |
| Massouh46 1989 | 33 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 12.6 yr. ±0.712 41.1% CG 13.1 yr. ±0.987 50% | IG 3.9 yr. ±3.1 11.3%±3.3 CG 4.7 yr. ±3.5 11.5%±3.6 | IG - General diabetes knowledge, plus social learning intervention CG - General diabetes knowledge Camp | |
| McNabb47 1994 | 24 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 9.7 yr. NR CG 10 yr. NR TG 9.9 yr. 54% | IG NR 10.5%±2.9 CG NR 12.9%±3.8 TG NR | IG - Goal-setting, self-management (youths), parenting skills (parents) CG - Standard care Diabetes center | |
| Mendez48 1997 | 37 CCT Spain | IG 13.83 yr. ±2.00 50% CG 13.36 yr. ±1.89 47% | IG 3.73 yr. ±3.93 NR CG 4.46 yr. ±3.52 NR | IG - Adherence behaviors CG - No data Health centre | |
| Mitchell49 1996 | 32 RCT (parallel) Canada | IG 10.43 yr. ±2.44 53.3% CG 11.0 yr. ±2.35 58.8% | IG 0 yr. 7.0% CG 0 yr. 8.0% | Newly diagnosed | IG - Adherence behaviors IG - Standard care Diabetes center |
| Monaco50 1996 | 58 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG 8.5 yr. 50% | IG NR | IG - Injection site identification Diabetes center | |
| Moran51 1991 | 22 CCT United Kingdom | IG 13.4 yr. ±3.2 37.4% CG 14.0 yr. ±4.3 37.4% | IG 6.2 yr. ±4.3 14.3% CG 5.6 yr. ±2.3 13.7% | Poor metabolic control | IG - Psychotherapy CG - Standard care (hospital) Hospital, home |
| Nordfeldt52 2005 | 332 RCT (parallel) Sweden | IG 12.7 yr. ±4.1 45.6% CG1 12.5 yr. ±4.2 44.7% CG2 12.7 yr. ±3.9 45.6% TG 12.2 yr. ±4.1 45.3% | IG 4.9 yr. ±3.5 7.8%±1.4 CG1 5.6 yr. ±4.2 7.8%±1.3 CG2 5.2 yr. ±3.6 8.0%±1.8 TG 5.3 yr. ±3.8 7.9%±1.5 | Duration of diabetes >0.5 yr. | IG - Self-management skills, 2 instructional videos, 2 brochures CG1 - Standard care, 1 video, 1 brochure CG2 - Standard care Home |
| Nordfeldt53 2002 | 130 Prospective cohort with historical controls Sweden | IG 12.2 yr. ±4.3 NR | IG 4.6 yr. ±3.7 6.6%±1.1 | IG - Self-management skills, 2 instructional videos, 2 brochures Home | |
| Nordfeldt54 1999 | 139 Prospective cohort with historical controls Sweden | IG 12.9 yr. ±4.4 59% CG NR | IG 5.0 yr. ±3.9 7.0%±1.1 CG 7.4 yr. ±4.9 7.4%±1.1 | IG - Intense, problem-based training CG - Children diagnosed between 1971 and 1981 receiving standard care Home, community, school, diabetes center | |
| Nunn55 2006 | 123 RCT (parallel) Australia | IG 11.9 yr. ±3.7 55% CG 11.9 yr. ±3.0 57% | IG 3.73 yr. ±2.41 8.15%±1.14 CG 3.58 yr. ±2.36 8.32%±1.01 | Poor metabolic control | IG - General diabetes knowledge (telephone calls) CG - Standard care Home, diabetes center |
| Olmsted56 2002 | 85 RCT (parallel) Canada | TG 16.0 yr. ±2.0 0% | TG 7.0 yr. ±3.4 9.1%±1.5 | Eating disorder | IG - Eating disorder intervention CG - Standard care Diabetes Center |
| Panagiotopoulos57 2003 | 50 RCT (parallel) Canada | IG 14.4 yr. ±1.7 44% CG 13.8 yr. ±1.5 36% | IG 7.0 yr. ±3.2 9.7%±1.2 CG 5.5 yr. ±3.1 9.6%±1.3 | Poor metabolic control | IG - Self-management skills (telephone calls) CG - Standard care Home, diabetes center |
| Pichert58 1994a | 83 RCT (parallel) United States | TG NR | IG 6.1 yr. CG 6.5 yr. range: 6 mo.–15 yr. NR | TG - Anchored instruction, nutrition education Camp | |
| Pichert59 1994b | 84 RCT (parallel) United States | TG NR 47.6% | TG 6.9 yr. range: 3 mo.–14 yr. NR | TG - Anchored instruction, sick-day management Camp | |
| Pichert60 1993 | 70 RCT (parallel) United States | TG NR 55.7% | TG 5 yr. NR | IG - Anchored instruction, problem solving skills CG - Prepared lecture/ discussion/ rehearsal/ instruction sessions Camp | |
| Povlsen61 2005 | 37 Uncontrolled before-and-after study Denmark | IG NR | IG NR 9.2%±1.4 | Ethnic minority | IG - Re-education session, general diabetes knowledge Hospital |
| Remley62 1999 | 237 CCT United States | IG 14.53 yr. 42% CG 14.15 yr. 47% | IG 5.78 yr. 8.98% CG 5.22 yr. 8.76% | IG - Assertive communication, nutrition education CG - No intervention Camp | |
| Satin63 1989 | 32 RCT (parallel) United States | IG1 15.0 yr. ±2.4 36.4% IG2 14.9 yr. ±2.8 25% CG 13.7 yr. ±2.7 55.6% TG 14.6 yr. ±2.6 37.5% | IG1 6.3 yr. ±5.1 13.4%±1.3 IG2 5.2 yr. ±3.8 12.6%±0.9 CG 6.3 yr. ±4.3 12.9%±1.4 TG 5.9 yr. ±4.3 NR | IG1 - Group process and teamwork, adherence IG2 - IG1, simulated diabetes management (parent) CG - No intervention Hospital | |
| Schlundt64 1996 | 86 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG 12.1 yr. ±1.8 47% | IG 4.5 yr. ±3.1 NR | IG - Anchored instruction Camp | |
| Shobhana65 1997 | 37 Uncontrolled before-and-after study India | IG NR | IG NR | Duration of diabetes ≥1 yr. | IG - General diabetes knowledge Diabetes center |
| Siminerio66 1999 | 32 Prospective cohort with concurrent control group United States | IG1 10.1 yr. 62.5% IG2 10.2 yr. 56.25% | IG1 NR IG2 NR | Newly diagnosed | IG1 - General diabetes knowledge (Hospital) IG2 - General diabetes knowledge (outpatient clinic) Hospital, outpatient clinic |
| Smith67 1993 | 120 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG 14.9 yr. ±1.4 43% | IG 4.1 yr. ±3.4 NR | IG - Assertive communication, problem solving and negotiation skills Camp | |
| Smith68 1991 | 108 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG 14.5 yr. ±1.4 44% | IG 4.5 yr. ±3.5 NR | IG - Stress and diabetes Camp | |
| Srinivasan69 2004 | 110 Prospective cohort with concurrent control group Australia | IG1 NR IG2 NR | IG1 NR IG2 NR | Newly diagnosed | IG1 - “Survival skills” diabetes knowledge (outpatient) IG2 - Detailed diabetes knowledge progam (hospital) Outpatient day care program, hospital |
| Sundelin70 1996 | 38 RCT (parallel) Sweden | IG1 8.7 yr. ±3.2 37% CG 8.8 yr. ±2.7 37% | IG1 NR 9.6%±0.14 CG NR 9.8%±0.74 | Newly diagnosed | IG1 - General diabetes knowledge (hospital apartment) CG - General diabetes knowledge (hosptial) Hospital, apartment |
| Svoren71 2003 | 301 RCT (parallel) United States | IG1 11.8 yr. ±2.4 39% IG2 12.1 yr. ±2.4 42% CG 11.7 yr. ±2.6 49% | IG1 5.1 yr. ±2.9 8.57%±1.35 IG2 5.3 yr. ±3.0 8.68%±1.03 CG 5.3 yr. ±30. 8.72%±1.17 | Duration of diabetes > 6 mo | IG1 - Care ambassador to assist families IG2 - IG1, plus psychoeducation CG - No intervention Diabetes center |
| Szumowski72 1990 | 27 RCT (parallel) United States | IG 78.1 mo. 45% CG 76.4 mo 60% | IG 3.24 yr. 9.7%±1.2 CG 2.57 yr. 10.0%±1.5 | Duration of diabetes ≥ 1 yr. | IG - Goal-setting, adherence behaviors CG - General diabetes knowledge Outpatient clinic |
| Templeton73 1988 | 30 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United States | IG 12.7 yr. NR | IG 4.9 yr. NR | IG - Food choices and SMBG Diabetes center | |
| Thomas-Dobersen74 1993 | 20 CCT United States | IG NR | IG NR | IG - Self-management (adolescents), parenting and communication skills (parents) CG - Standard treatment NR | |
| Verrotti75 1993 | 30 Uncontrolled before-and-after Italy | IG 15.4 yr. ±0.8 40.0% | IG 1.3 yr. ±0.4 12.0%±2.9 | IG - General Diabetes knowledge NR | |
| Viner76 2003 | 21 CCT United Kingdom | IG 13.0 yr. 28.6% CG 13.3 yr. 60.0% | IG 6.2 yr. 10.2%±1.4 CG 5.7 yr. 10.0%±1.3 | Poor metabolic control | IG - Systematic focused therapy CG - No intervention NR |
| von Sengbusch77 2006 | 107 Uncontrolled before-and-after study Germany | IG 11.1 yr. ±2.5 43.9% | IG 4.3 yr. ±3.0 7.9%±1.4 | Duration of diabetes > 6 mo. | IG - Mobile Diabetic Teaching Team, general diabetic knowledge, independence, self-confidence Hospital |
| Vyas78 1988 | 63 Uncontrolled before-and-after study United Kingdom | IG 8.4 yr. ±2.0 47% CG | IG 3.9 yr. ±2.0 NR | IG - Self-management and problem solving skills Camp | |
| Wadham79 2005 | 67 RCT (parallel) United Kingdom | IG 12.9 yr. ±2.1 56% | IG 4.9 yr. ±3.25 9.1%±1.25 | IG - General diabetes knowledge, teamwork, communication, responsibilities CG - No intervention Clinic | |
| Webb80 1999 | 66 RCT (parallel) United States | IG1 NR IG2 NR TG 10.2 yr. ±1.4 34.8% | IG1 NR 8.68%±0.75 IG2 NR 9.52%±1.28 TG 5 yr. ±2.6 | Duration of diabetes >1 yr. | IG1 - Goal setting (5 goal-setting guidelines) IG2 - Goal setting (without guidelines) Outpatient clinic |
| Wolanski81 1996 | 41 RCT (parallel) Canada | IG NR | IG 4 mo.–12 yr. NR | Poor self-management skills | IG - BGSM skills CG - Usual teaching activities Camp |
| Wysocki82 2007 | 104 RCT (parallel) United States | IG1 14.4 yr. ±1.9 56% IG2 13.9 yr. ±1.9 58% CG 14.2 yr. ±1.9 50% | IG1 5.5 yr. ±3.2 9.7%±1.6 IG2 5.1 yr. ±3.0 9.6%±1.6 CG 5.9 yr. ±4.0 9.5%±1.5 | Duration of diabetes >2yr. | IG1 - Group meetings emphasized education and social support IG 2 - Behavioral family systems therapy CG - Standard care Diabetes center |
| Wysocki83 2000 | 119 RCT (parallel) United States | IG1 14.5 yr. ±1.2 39% IG2 14.1 yr. ±1.4 38% CG 14.3 yr. ±1.4 49% | IG1 5.4 yr. ±3.8 NR IG2 4.5 yr. ±3.7 NR CG 5.2 yr. ±3.8 NR | Poor metabolic control, moderate levels of parent-adolescent conflict | IG1 - Behavioral family systems therapy IG2 - Group meetings, emphasized education, and social support CG - Standard care Doctor's office |
| Zorumski84 1997 | 56 CCT United States | IG 10.2 yr. ±1.67 55.6% CG 10.43 yr. ±1.57 36.4% | IG 2.7 yr. ±2.13 9.93%±2.9 CG 2.79 yr. ±2.37 10.85%±2.14 | IG - General diabetes knowledge CG - Standard care Day camp, doctor's office | |
CG = control group; IG = intervention group; NR = not reported; TG = total group
- Table F1, Characteristics of study population and study setting in studies asses...Table F1, Characteristics of study population and study setting in studies assessing the effectiveness of diabetes education for children with type 1 diabetes and their families - Diabetes Education for Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Families
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