Application of theory synthesis to descriptions of Positive Youth Development interventions included in the process and outcome evaluations

Chris Bonell; Kelly Dickson; Kate Hinds; GJ Melendez-Torres; Claire Stansfield; Adam Fletcher; James Thomas; Katrina Lester; Elizabeth Oliver; Simon Murphy; Rona Campbell

Appendix 15Application of theory synthesis to descriptions of Positive Youth Development interventions included in the process and outcome evaluations

TABLE 18

Application of theory synthesis to descriptions of Positive Youth Development interventions included in the process and outcome evaluations

Publication Details

Copyright

Copyright © Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2016. This work was produced by Bonell et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK.

Included under terms of UK Non-commercial Government License.

Publisher

NIHR Journals Library, Southampton (UK)

NLM Citation

Bonell C, Dickson K, Hinds K, et al. The effects of Positive Youth Development interventions on substance use, violence and inequalities: systematic review of theories of change, processes and outcomes. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2016 May. (Public Health Research, No. 4.5.) Appendix 15, Application of theory synthesis to descriptions of Positive Youth Development interventions included in the process and outcome evaluations.

TABLE 18

Application of theory synthesis to descriptions of Positive Youth Development interventions included in the process and outcome evaluations

Area of theoretical literature from which characteristics derived	Developmental assets		Identity theories		Social Learning Theory	Socioecological theory	Expectation state theory	Critical theories	Social control theory	Multiple theories
Characteristic derived from theory	Is there a focus on thriving?	Is there reference to multiple, specific assets?	Is there a breadth of activities offered?	Can participants pursue some activities in greater depth?	Do participants learn skills from observing adults and/or peers?	Is there intervention to improve participants’ wider environments?	Do intervention activities explicitly address risk behaviours	Is there explicit reference to transforming society or challenging inequalities?	Is there reference to conformity, or contribution to society as it stands?	Are there leadership opportunities?	Do participants have some choice in which activities to pursue?	Do adult providers aim to develop affective rather than merely instrumental relationships with participants?	Do participants develop enduring (at least 1 year) relationships with adult providers?	Are positive behaviours rewarded or celebrated?	Is there explicit reference to hope or optimism in a young person’s potential?	Is there explicit reference to family like atmosphere or safe space?	Do participants carry out service in the community?
Outcome evaluations
All Stars (Cross et al.,⁹⁰ Gottfredson et al.⁹¹^,⁹²)	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	4
MAP (Gottfredson et al.⁹³)	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	4
Cool Girls, Inc. (Kuperminc et al.⁹⁵)	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	7
BBBS (Tierney⁹⁸)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	7
QOP (Rodriguez-Planas⁷⁸)	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	5
Stay SMART (St Pierre and Kaltreider¹¹¹)	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	7
PYDC (Tebes et al.⁷⁹)	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	5
Process and outcome evaluations
YARP (Berg et al.⁸⁶)	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	10
NGYCP (Millenky et al.¹⁰⁷^,¹⁰⁸)	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	7
YPDP (Wiggins et al.⁴⁶^,¹¹²)	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	10

: 0, not reported as present; 1, reported as present.