Combined Estrogen–Progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen–Progestogen Menopausal Therapy
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 91
Authors
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.Oral contraceptives for family planning worldwide have revolutionized the reproductive lives of millions of women since their introduction in the 1960s. Later on, a variety of side-effects including cardiovascular diseases was recognized. In response to these concerns, new generations of combined oral contraceptives were developed that featured lower dose of estrogen and newer, more potent progestogens. The effectiveness and ease of use of combined hormonal contraceptives suggest that they will continue to be used to a significant extent in the future.
This ninety-first volume of the IARC Monographs contains evaluations of the carcinogenic hazard to humans of combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives and combined estrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy. The hormonal drugs reviewed in this volume involve co-administration of an estrogen and a progestogen. Studies that did not provide information on the use of combined estrogen-progestogen agents are not reviewed. It should also be noted that this volume reviews only studies that are publicly available and therefore does not include pharmaceutical test results that are not in the public domain.
The evaluations developed in this volume identify specific forms of cancer for which the risk is increased or decreased by combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives and provide information that will help address the health concerns and well-being of hundred of millions of women worldwide.
Corrigenda to the IARC Monographs are published online at http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Publications/corrigenda.php.
Corrigenda to Volume 91. (PDF, 82K)
LIBRARY CATALOGUING DATA
This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 7–14 June 2005
Lyon, France - 2007
IARC MONOGRAPHS
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IARC Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
- Combined Estrogen–Progestogen Contraceptives and
- Combined Estrogen–Progestogen Menopausal Therapy/
- IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (2005: Lyon, France)
- (IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans; v. 91)
- 1. Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal – adverse effects 2. Estrogens – adverse effects 3. Estrogens – therapeutic use 4. Hormone Replacement Therapy – adverse effects 5. Neoplasms – chemically induced 6. Neoplasms – prevention & control 7. Progestins – adverse effects 8. Progestins – therapeutic use
- I. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans II. Series
- ISBN 978 92 832 1291 1 (NLM Classification: W1)
- ISSN 1017-1606
- PRINTED IN FRANCE
1 Oral contraceptives for family planning worldwide have revolutionized the reproductive lives of millions of women since their introduction in the 1960s.
2 Later on, a variety of side-effects including cardiovascular diseases was recognized. In response to these concerns, new generations of combined oral contraceptives were developed that featured lower doses of estrogen and newer, more potent progestogens.
3 The effectiveness and ease of use of combined hormonal contraceptives suggest that they will continue to be used to a significant extent in the future.
Cover design: Georges Mollon, IARC