Fig. 4.5

Fig. 4.5

General scheme of some cell-signalling pathways that are deregulated by tobacco smoke in lung carcinogenesis

Akt, serine/threonine protein kinase; ERKs, extracellular regulated kinases; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; Bad, Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; IKKα, inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription, COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2

From: TOBACCO SMOKING

Cover of Personal Habits and Indoor Combustions
Personal Habits and Indoor Combustions.
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 100E.
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
© International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2012. For more information contact publications@iarc.fr.

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