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(A) A host ovary from a mature mouse (left). Thecal stem cell colonies (arrows in right) were transplanted into the ovary by a glass pipette. An air bubble placed for controllable transfer (arrowhead). (Scale bar: 2 mm) (B) Donor thecal cells (EGFP-positive) surrounding two large follicles were clearly visible by fluorescence microscopy (arrows). (C) Frozen section of a large follicular area. The donor thecal stem cells differentiated into large cells and were located in both the inner (I) and outer (O) thecal layers. They were also present in the interstitial area of small cells (arrowheads). (Scale bar: 50 mm) (D) Frozen section of a small primary follicle. A few small, probably less differentiated, theca cells were present around the follicle (arrowheads). (Scale bar: 50 mm) (B-D right) Corresponding fields observed by fluorescent microscopy are shown. (Adapted with permission from Honda, A., Hirose, M., Hara, K., Matoba, S., Inoue, K., Miki, H., Hiura, H., Kanatsu-Shinohara, M., Kanai, Y., Kono, T. et al. (2007). Isolation, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo differentiation of putative thecal stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 12389–12394. Figure 5. Copyright 2007 National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A).