Figure 18-26. The major forces that separate daughter chromosomes at anaphase in mammalian cells.

Figure 18-26The major forces that separate daughter chromosomes at anaphase in mammalian cells

Anaphase A depends on motor proteins operating at the kinetochores that, together with the depolymerization of the kinetochore microtubules, pull the daughter chromosomes toward the nearest pole. In anaphase B, the two spindle poles move apart. Two separate forces are thought to be responsible for anaphase B. The elongation and sliding of the overlap microtubules past one another in the central spindle push the two poles apart, and outward forces exerted by the astral microtubules at each spindle pole act to pull the poles away from each other, toward the cell surface.

From: Mitosis

Cover of Molecular Biology of the Cell
Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition.
Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al.
New York: Garland Science; 2002.
Copyright © 2002, Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter; Copyright © 1983, 1989, 1994, Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and James D. Watson .

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.