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Sun F, Oyesanmi O, Fontanarosa J, et al. Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: Update of a 2008 Systematic Review [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2014 Dec. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 146.)
Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: Update of a 2008 Systematic Review [Internet].
Show detailsElectronic Database Searches
ECRI Institute information specialists searched the following databases for relevant information. Search terms and strategies for the bibliographic databases appear below.
Table A-1Electronic database searches
| Name | Date Limits | Platform/Provider |
|---|---|---|
| The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Reviews) The Cochrane Database of Methodology Reviews (Methodology Reviews) The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) | 1/01/07–3/7/14 | www |
| Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®) | 2007 through current | EBSCOhost |
| EMBASE (Excerpta Medica) | 2007 through current | OVID |
| Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA) | 2007 through current | Wiley |
| MEDLINE | 2007 through current | OVID |
| PubMed | 2007 through current | www |
| ClinicalTrials | 1/01/07–3/7/14 | NIH |
| U.K. National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) | 2007 through current | Wiley |
Detailed search strategies are presented below.
Hand Searches of Journal and Nonjournal Literature
Journals and supplements maintained in ECRI Institute's collections were routinely reviewed. Non-journal publications and conference proceedings from professional organizations, private agencies, and government agencies were also screened. Other mechanisms used to retrieve additional relevant information included review of bibliographies/reference lists from peer-reviewed and gray literature. (Gray literature consists of reports, studies, articles, and monographs produced by federal and local government agencies, private organizations, educational facilities, consulting firms, and corporations. These documents do not appear in the peer-reviewed journal literature.) Select manufacturer websites and a number of organization websites were searched for relevant information, including: ECRI Institute members' website, CDC, CMS, National Cancer Institute, National Guideline Clearinghouse and the American Cancer Society.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH, EMTREE and Keywords)
The search strategies employed combinations of free-text keywords as well as controlled vocabulary terms including (but not limited to) the concepts shown in the Topic-specific Search Terms table.
Table A-2Topic-specific search terms
| Concept | Controlled Vocabulary | Keywords |
|---|---|---|
| Prostate cancer | EMBASE (EMTREE) Neoplasms/ Prostate/ Prostatic Neoplasms/ MeSH (PubMed) Neoplasms Prostate Prostatic Neoplasms | Cancer* Carcinoma* Neoplasm* Prostat* |
| Treatment options | EMBASE (EMTREE) Brachytherapy/ Cryosurgery/ Cryotherapy/ Freezing/ High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation/ Prostatectomy/ exp Radiotherapy/ Watchful Waiting/ MeSH (PubMed) Brachytherapy Cryosurgery Cryotherapy Freezing High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation Prostatectomy exp Radiotherapy Watchful Waiting | Active surveillance Androgen deprivation Brachytherap* Cryoablat* Cryosurger* Cryotherap* Curietherap* EBRT Freez* HIFU High intensity focused ultrasound IMRT LRP Prostatectom* Proton Radiotherap* Radiation RLRP Watchful waiting |
Search Strategies
The strategy below is presented in OVID syntax; the search was simultaneously conducted across EMBASE AND MEDLINE. A similar strategy was used to search the databases comprising the Cochrane Library.
OVID Conventions
- $ or * = truncation character (wildcard)
- ADJn = search terms within a specified number (n) of words from each other in any order
- exp = “explodes” controlled vocabulary term (e.g., expands search to all more specific related terms in the vocabulary's hierarchy)
- .de. = limit controlled vocabulary heading
- .fs. = floating subheading
- .hw. = limit to heading word
- .mp. = combined search fields (default if no fields are specified)
- .pt. = publication type
- .ti. = limit to title
- .tw. = limit to title and abstract fields
Table A-3EMBASE/MEDLINE—OVID syntax
| Set # | Concept | Search Statement |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prostate cancer | Prostatic Neoplasms/ |
| 2 | Prostate cancer | (prostat$.ti,ab. or Prostate/) AND (cancer.ti,ab. or Neoplasms/ or neoplasm$ or carcinoma$) |
| 3 | Combine sets | S1 OR S2 |
| 4 | Treatment options | watchful waiting.ti,ab. or Watchful Waiting/ or active surveillance.ti,ab. or prostatectom$.ti,ab. or Prostatectomy/ or LRP.ti,ab. or RLRP.ti,ab. or exp Radiotherapy/ or radiotherap$.ti,ab. or EBRT.ti,ab. or IMRT.ti,ab. or proton.ti,ab. or brachytherap$.ti,ab. or Brachytherapy/ or curietherap$.ti,ab. or cryosurger$.ti,ab. or Cryosurgery/ or cryotherap$.ti,ab. or Cyberknife.ti,ab. or Cryotherapy/ or cryoablat$.ti,ab. or Freezing/ or freez$.ti,ab. or androgen deprivation.ti,ab. or High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation/ or high intensity focused ultrasound.ti,ab. or HIFU.ti,ab. or (high and intensity and focused and ultrasound).ti,ab. |
| 5 | Publication types | (Randomized controlled trial/ or random allocation/ or double-blind method/ or single-blind method/ or placebos/ or cross-over studies/ or crossover procedure/ or cross over studies/ or double blind procedure/ or single blind procedure/ or placebo/ or latin square design/ or crossover design/ or double-blind studies/ or single-blind studies/ or triple-blind studies/ or random assignment/ or exp clinical trial/ or exp comparative study/ or cohort analysis or followup studies/ or intermethod comparison/ or parallel design/ or control group/ or prospective study/ or retrospective study/ or case control study/ or major clinical study/ or evaluation studies/ or followup studies/ or case series.ti,ab. or random$.hw. or random$.ti. or placebo$.ti,ab. or ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) and (dummy or blind or sham)).ti,ab. or latin square.ti,ab. or ISRCTN$.ti,ab. or ACTRN$.ti,ab. or (NCT$ not NCT).ti,ab.) |
| 6 | Combine sets | S3 AND S4 AND S5 |
| 7 | Limit | 6 not ((letter or editorial or news or comment or case reports or note or conference paper).de. or (letter or editorial or news or comment or case reports).pt.) |
| 8 | Limit | 7 not (book/ or edited book/ or case report/ or case reports/ or comment/ or conference abstract/ or conference paper/ or conference review/ or editorial/ or letter/ or news/ or note/ or proceeding/ or (book or edited book or case report or case reports or comment or conference or editorial or letter or news or note or proceeding).pt. or (“comment/reply” or editorial or letter or review-book).pt.) |
| 9 | Limit | 8 not (case report.de. OR case reports.pt. OR case report.ti. OR (year ADJ old).ti,ab.) |
| 10 | Limit | Limit 9 to English and humans |
| 11 | Limit | Limit 10 to yr=“ 2007 - 2013” |
| 12 | Remove duplicates | Remove duplicates from 11 13 |
| 13 | Limit | 12 and compar$.ti,hw. |
| 14 | Limit | 12 and (clinically adj local$) |
| 15 | Limit | 12 and (stage 1 or stage one) |
| 16 | Limit | 12 and (early adj3 stage) |
| 17 | Limit | 12 and (nonmetastatic or non-metastatic) |
| 18 | Limit | 12 and (gleason 7 or gleason score 7 or gleason 6 or gleason score 6) |
| 19 | Limit | 12 and (local$ adj advanced) |
| 20 | Limit | 12 and 9T3 orr T4) |
| 21 | Limit | 12 and (high adj risk) or high-risk |
| 22 | Combine | 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 |
Additional Conventions
PubMed
- * = truncation character (wildcard)
- [tiab] = limit to title or abstract
Cochrane Library
- * = truncation character (wildcard)
Menu-driven
Table A-4PubMed
| Set # | Concept | Search Statement |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prostate cancer | prostat*[tiab] AND (neoplasm*[tiab] OR cancer*[tiab] OR carcinoma*[tiab]) |
| 2 | Treatment options | “watchful waiting”[tiab] OR “active surveillance”[tiab] OR LRP[tiab] OR RLRP[tiab] OR prostatectom*[tiab] OR radiotherap*[tiab] OR EBRT[tiab] OR IMRT[tiab] OR proton[tiab] OR (intensity[tiab] AND modulated[tiab] AND therap*[tiab]) OR brachytherap*[tiab] OR curietherap*[tiab] OR cryosurger*[tiab] OR cryotherap*[tiab] OR cryoablat*[tiab] OR Cyberknife[tiab] OR freezing[tiab] OR “androgen deprivation”[tiab] OR HIFU[tiab] OR (high[tiab] AND intensity[tiab] AND focused[tiab] AND ultrasound*[tiab]) |
| 3 | Publication types | (randomized controlled trial[pt] OR controlled clinical trial[pt] OR clinical trial[pt] OR comparative study[pt] OR evaluation studies [pt] OR meta-analysis[pt] OR multicenter study[pt] OR “clinical trial”[tw] OR “clinical trials”[tw] OR comparative study [tw] OR comparative studies [tw] OR evaluation study[tw] OR evaluation studies [tw] OR ((singl*[tw] OR doubl*[tw] OR trebl*[tw] OR tripl*[tw]) AND (mask*[tw] OR blind*[tw])) OR “latin square” OR placebo* OR random* OR “control group” OR prospective* OR retrospective* OR volunteer* OR sham OR “meta-analysis”[tw] OR cohort OR ISRCTN* OR ACTRN* OR NCT*) |
| 4 | Combine sets | 1 AND 2 AND 3 |
| 5 | Limit | 4 AND (“in process”[sb] OR publisher[sb] OR pubmednotmedline[sb]) |
| 6 | Limit | Limit 5 to: Publication date from 2007/01/01 to 2013/12/31 |
Table A-5Cochrane Library
| Set # | Concept | Search Statement |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prostate cancer | prostat* AND (neoplasm* OR cancer* OR carcinoma*) |
| 2 | Treatment options | “watchful waiting” OR “active surveillance” OR LRP OR RLRP OR prostatectom* OR radiotherap* OR EBRT OR IMRT OR proton OR (intensity AND modulated AND therap*) OR brachytherap* OR curietherap* OR cryosurger* OR cryotherap* OR cryoablat* OR Cyberknife OR freezing OR “androgen deprivation” OR HIFU OR (high AND intensity AND focused AND ultrasound*) |
| 3 | Combine sets | 1 AND 2 |
| 4 | Limit | Limit 3 to: Publication date from 2007 to 2013 |
- Literature Search Methods - Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate CancerLiterature Search Methods - Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
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