Appendix 1Coding frame for senior staff interviews
How are SUs in general talked about? As patients; citizens; needy individuals; people with the potential to grow/develop/recover; by reference to diagnosis/condition and its severity; others?
What is user involvement – what discourses are employed to construct what SUI means?
Empowerment/rights.
Stakeholder.
Consumer.
Responsible citizen.
Expert by experience.
Therapeutic.
Educational.
Collective action.
Individual involvement.
What mechanisms for involvement are identified?
Consultation (face to face).
Feedback (questionnaires, etc.).
Shared decision-making – individual.
Personal budgets as a means to exercise individual choice.
Advocacy.
User councils in specific services.
Membership of governance boards.
Recruitment of staff.
Training.
Research.
Peer mentoring/support/training.
Others.
How do interviewees describe their own roles/position and that of others vis-à-vis involvement?
Committed advocate/supporter.
Interested.
It’s someone else’s job.
Another responsibility for which they do not have time.
Unconvinced.
Uncertain about their skills in this.
Oppositional.
Others.
Impact of involvement – are impacts being identified in the following arenas?
Clinician/user relationships and interactions.
Service design and delivery.
Recruitment decisions.
On SUs themselves: self-esteem, recovery, etc.
On opportunities for social interactions among SUs.
On clinicians’/managers’ understandings of what living with mental illness and using services means (general/others in the trust).
On the interviewee personally: values, attitudes, ways of working.
On ways of doing things – including decision-making processes.
Others.
How does/does user involvement shape institutional rules and norms?
Any examples cited of changes in procedural rules?
Any examples cited of changes in behavioural rules/norms?
Any personal reflections on ‘cultural shift’?
Evidence of any changes in the way in which user involvement is being seen and happening over time.
How do institutional rules and norms shape involvement practices?
How are institutional rules described/explained?
How are behavioural rules described/explained?
What assumptions are being made about constraints/opportunities of external context on user involvement (e.g. national policy)?
What assumptions are being made about constraints/opportunities of local context on SUI (e.g. locally determined procedures)?
What ‘rules of the game’ are evident?
Any specific reference to the impact of performance indicators?
Any specific reference to the impact of the development of markets in health and social care?
How does the level at which involvement happens shape practices?
Knowledge/expertise:
References to specific types of knowledge: professional; bureaucratic/procedural; research; lay; experiential.
Judgements of legitimacy/validity of forms of knowledge.
Identifications of skills/capacity specific to forms of involvement/participation.
Constructing ‘SUs’ – How are SUs who become involved in user involvement initiatives described?
