NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Enhancing Environmental Health Content in Nursing Practice; Pope AM, Snyder MA, Mood LH, editors. Nursing Health, & Environment: Strengthening the Relationship to Improve the Public's Health. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1995.
Nursing Health, & Environment: Strengthening the Relationship to Improve the Public's Health.
Show detailsIntroduction
For those interested in learning more about environmental health and the resources available that are related to environmental health, Appendix D presents names, addresses, and phone numbers of relevant government agencies and professional associations and organizations, as well as information about computerized information services, and a listing of general references. Agencies, associations, and organizations related to nursing and/or the environment are specifically highlighted. Finally, three tables are presented (pp. 214–240) that describe (1) selected environmental agents and their associated sources and potential exposures, (2) selected work-related diseases, disorders, and conditions associated with various agents, and (3) selected job categories, exposures, and associated work-related diseases and conditions for use in actual nursing practice.
The information presented in this appendix is not intended to be comprehensive or exhaustive, but rather supplemental and complementary.
Government Agencies
Throughout our history, numerous federal and state agencies have been created to address the issues related to safety and health in the workplace, as well as the surrounding environment. Federal and state agencies have become increasingly involved in examining and monitoring the impact of the environment on the health of the public. The following list highlights several of the federal and state agencies currently involved in monitoring, evaluating, and protecting the environment and its relation to public health. Each agency is an invaluable source of information and can readily provide additional resources upon one's request. The agencies are listed in alphabetical order with federal organizations first, followed by state agencies.
Federal Agencies
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) was created by Superfund legislation in 1980 as a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ATSDR's mission is to prevent or mitigate adverse human health effects and diminished quality of life resulting from exposure to hazardous substances in the environment. In order to carry out its mission and to serve the needs of the American people, ATSDR conducts activities in public health assessments, health investigations, exposure and disease registry, emergency response, toxicological profiles, health education, and applied research.
ATSDR's Division of Health Education is mandated to assemble, develop, and distribute to the states, medical colleges, physicians, and other health professionals, educational materials on medical surveillance, screening, and methods of diagnosis and treatment of injury or disease related to exposure to hazardous substances. The Division also provides training and education for primary care physicians to diagnose and treat illness caused by hazardous substances and supports curriculum development and applied research in the area of environmental health.
The Division has developed a self-study series called Case Studies in Environmental Medicine which uses case studies to guide physicians through the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses related to hazardous substances exposure.
Several projects have also been developed and implemented to advance these goals. Some of the programs are described below:
- State Cooperative Agreements offer funding and assistance to state health departments for developing educational materials and activities in environmental medicine for health care professionals;
- National Association of County Health Officials Environmental Health Project is a cooperative agreement with ATSDR to conduct instructional sessions and develop supporting materials for local health officials and the medical community concerning the communication of health risks from exposure to hazardous substances;
- Project EPOCH-Envi is co-sponsored by ATSDR and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Through the cooperative agreement, a consortium of medical schools works towards introducing curricula in occupational and environmental medicine in primary care residency programs;
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
1600 Clifton Road, N.E.
Mail Stop E-28
Atlanta, GA 30333
(404) 639-0501
Emergencies (404) 639-0615
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is charged with protecting the public health of the nation by providing leadership and direction in the prevention and control of diseases and other preventable conditions and responding to public health emergencies.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30333
(404) 639-3286
Consumer Product Safety Commission
The Consumer Products Safety Commission provides information on health and safety effects related to consumer products. It has direct jurisdiction over chronic and chemical hazards in consumer products; assists consumers in evaluating the comparative safety of consumer products; develops uniform safety standards for consumer products and minimizes conflicting state and local regulations; and promotes research and investigation into the causes and prevention of product-related deaths, illnesses, and injuries.
Consumer Product Safety Commission
East West Towers
4340 East West Highway
Bethesda, MD 20814
(301) 504-0580
(800) 638-2772
Department of Energy
The Department of Energy (DOE) provides the framework for a comprehensive and balanced national energy plan through the coordination and administration of the energy functions of the federal government. The Department is responsible for long-term, high-risk research and development of energy technology; the marketing of federal power; energy conservation; the nuclear weapons program; energy regulatory programs; and a central energy data collection and analysis program.
The Environment, Safety and Health Office of the DOE provides independent oversight of departmental execution of environmental, occupational safety and health, and nuclear/nonnuclear safety and security laws, regulations, and policies; ensures that departmental programs are in compliance with environmental, health, and nuclear/nonnuclear safety protection plans, regulations, and procedures; provides an independent overview and assessment of Department-controlled activities to ensure that safety-impacted programs receive management review; and carries out legal functions of the nuclear safety civil penalty and criminal referral activities mandated by the Price-Anderson Amendments Act.
Department of Energy
1000 Independence Avenue, S.W.
Washington, DC 20585
(202) 586-5000
Department of Health and Human Services
The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is the Cabinet-level department of the federal executive branch most concerned with people and most involved with the nation's human concerns. In one way or another—whether it is mailing out social security checks or making health services more widely available—DHHS touches the lives of more Americans than any other federal agency. It is literally a department of people saving people, from newborn infants to our most elderly citizens.
Department of Health and Human Services
200 Independence Avenue, S.W.
Washington, DC 20201
(202) 679-0257
Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 in order to permit coordinated and effective governmental action on behalf of the environment. It endeavors to abate and control pollution systematically, by proper integration of a variety of research, monitoring, standard setting, and enforcement activities. As a complement to its other activities, the Agency coordinates and supports research and antipollution activities by state and local governments, private and public groups, individuals, and educational institutions. It also reinforces efforts among other federal agencies with respect to the impact of their operations on the environment, and it is specifically charged with publishing its determinations when those hold that a proposal is unsatisfactory from the standpoint of public health or welfare or environmental quality. In all, the EPA is designed to serve as the public's advocate for a livable environment.
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-2090
Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspects manufacturing plants and warehouses, collects and analyzes samples of foods, drugs, cosmetics, and therapeutic devices for adulteration and misbranding. Responsibilities also extend to sanitary preparation and handling of foods, waste disposal on interstate carriers, and enforcement of the Radiation Control Act as related to consumer products. Epidemiological and other investigations are conducted to determine causative factors or possible health hazards involved in adverse reactions or hazardous materials accidents. Investigators are located in resident posts in major cities throughout the country.
Food and Drug Administration
National Headquarters
200 C Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20204
(301) 443-2410
Health Resources and Services Administration
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) is responsible for general health services and resource issues relating to issues of access, equity, quality, and cost of care. In order to accomplish this goal, the Administration supports states and communities in their efforts to deliver health care to underserved segments of the population; participates in the federal campaign against AIDS; provides leadership in improving the education, distribution, quality, and use of the health professionals needed to staff the nation's health care system; tracks the supply of and requirements for health professionals and addresses their competence through the development of a health practitioner data bank; and strengthens the public health system by working with state and local public health agencies.
Health Resources and Services Administration
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, MD 20857
(301) 443-2086
National Cancer Institute
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) conducts and funds research on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control, and biology of cancer and the rehabilitation of people with cancer. NCI also funds projects for innovative and effective approaches to preventing and controlling cancer, establishes multidisciplinary cancer care and clinical research activities in community hospitals, and supports cancer research training, clinical training, continuing education, and career development.
National Cancer Institute
National Institutes of Health
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5615
(800) 422-6237/ (800) 4-CANCER
National Center for Environmental Health
The mission of the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) is to promote health and quality of life by preventing or controlling disease, injury, and disability related to the interactions between people and their environment outside the workplace. To achieve these goals, NCEH directs programs both to prevent the adverse health effects of exposure to toxic substances and to combat the societal and environmental factors that increase the likelihood of exposure and disease. NCEH also works to prevent injuries and diseases resulting from natural or technologic disasters and to prevent birth defects and development disabilities resulting from nutritional deficiencies or exposure to environmental toxins in utero or during early childhood.
National Center for Environmental Health
Mailstop F29
4770 Buford Highway, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30341-3724
(404) 488-7003
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 to conduct research on occupational diseases and injuries, respond to requests for assistance by investigating problems of health and safety in the workplace, recommend standards to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), and train professionals in occupational safety and health.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
200 Independence Avenue, S.W.
Washington, DC 20201
(800) 356-4674
The NIOSH Technical Information Branch provides a toll-free technical information service (1-800-35-NIOSH) that provides convenient public access to NIOSH and its information resources. Callers may request information about NIOSH activities or about any aspect of occupational safety and health.
NIOSH Technical Information Branch
Robert A. Taft Laboratory
Mail Stop C-19
4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
(800) 35-NIOSH
Project EPOCH-Envi. In conjunction with ATSDR, NIOSH established Project EPOCH-Envi to provide support and training to medical schools from around the country who wish to implement curricula in occupational and environmental medicine in primary care residency programs. Through this cooperative agreement, Project EPOCH-Envi conducts workshops and training programs for interested medical school faculty. The sessions focus on instructing faculty members how to develop curricula in occupational and environmental medicine.
Project EPOCH-Envi
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Division of Training and Manpower Development
Curriculum Development Branch
Robert A. Taft Laboratories
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
(800) 356-4674
NIOSH Educational Resource Centers. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) funds Educational Resource Centers (ERCs) which conduct research and administer graduate training programs in occupational medicine, occupational health nursing, and industrial hygiene and safety. They also provide continuing education programs for safety and health professionals and outreach programs for the community.
| ALABAMA University of Alabama in Birmingham School of Nursing University of Starion Birmingham, AL 35294-1210 Kathleen Brown, RN, Ph.D. Director, Occupational Health Nursing Degree: MSN, DNS (205) 934-6858 | MARYLAND The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health 615 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore, MD 21205 Jacqueline Agnew, RN, Ph.D. Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program Degree: MPH, DrPH, Ph.D. (410) 955-4082 |
| CALIFORNIA UCLA School of Nursing 10833 LeConte Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90024-1702 Linda Glazner, DrPH, RN Program Director, Occupational Health Nursing Degree: MSN (310) 206-3838 | MASSACHUSETTS Harvard University Harvard School of Public Health Department of Environmental Science and Physiology 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02115 Carol Love, Ph.D. Director, Occupational Health Nursing (Simmons) Degree: MS (617) 738-2255 |
| University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing Department of Mental Health and Community Nursing N505Y San Francisco, CA 94143 Julia Faucett, RN, Ph.D. Program Director, Occupational Health Nursing Degree: MS, DNS (415) 476-5312 | MICHIGAN University of Michigan School of Nursing Department of Community Health Nursing 400 N. Ingalls, Room 3340 Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Sally Lusk, RN, Ph.D. Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program Degree: MS (313) 747-0347 |
| ILLINOIS University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing 845 South Damen Street Chicago, IL 60612 Karen Conrad, Ph.D., RN Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program Degree: MS, Ph.D. (312) 996-7974 | |
| MINNESOTA University of Minnesota School of Public Health 420 Delaware Street, SE, Box 197 Minneapolis, MN 55455 Patricia McGovern, RN, MPH Program Director, Occupational Health Nursing Degree: Ph.D., MS, MS/MPH (612) 625-7429 | OHIO University of Cincinnati College of Nursing and Health 200 Proctor Hall 3110 Vine Cincinnati, OH 45219-0038 Sue Davis, Ph.D. Acting Program Director, Occupational Health Nursing Degree: MSN, Ph.D. (513) 558-5280 |
| NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey School of Nursing 30 Bergen Street ADMC 119 Newark, NJ 07107-3000 Gail Buckler, RN, MPH, COHN Program Director, OHN Program Degree: MSN (908) 445-0123 | TEXAS University of Texas The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health P.O. Box 20186 Houston, TX 77225 Mary Kay Garcia, RN, DrPH Director, Occupational Health for Nurses Program Degree: MPH (713) 792-7456 |
| NORTH CAROLINA University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health Rosenau Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27514 Bonnie Rogers, RN, DrPH Program Director, Occupational Health Nursing Degree: MPH, MS (919) 996-1030 | UTAH University of Utah RMCOEH, Building 512 Salt Lake City, UT 84119 Darlene Meservy, RN, MPH, DrPH Director, Occupational Health Nursing Degree: MSPH, Ph.D., MPH (801) 581-8214 |
| WASHINGTON University of Washington Community Health Care Systems, SM-24 Seattle, WA 98195 Mary Salazar, Ph.D. Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program Degree: MN, Ph.D., MN/MPH (206) 685-0857 | |
| Training Project Grants University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing 420 Service Drive Philadelphia, PA 19104 Winifred Hayes, RN, Ph.D. Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program Degree: MSN (215) 898-1794 | University of South Florida College of Nursing Health Science Center Box 22 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard Tampa, FL 33612-4799 Dr. Candace Burns Director, Occupational Health Nursing Program (813) 974-9160 |
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is the principal federal agency for biomedical research on the effects of chemical, physical, and biological environmental agents on human health and well-being. The Institute supports research and training focused on the identification, assessment, and mechanism of action of potentially harmful agents in the environment. Research results form the basis for preventive programs for environmentally-related diseases and for action by regulatory agencies.
The NIEHS currently sponsors several programs available to the medical school community, individual researchers, and other organizations or centers interested in studying the effects of the environment on health and how to better educate medical school students, employees, and the general public about environmental health risks and hazards. Some of the awards are described below:
- The Environmental/Occupational Medicine Academic Award Program was established by the NIEHS to address the need for increased awareness by physicians of the impact of environmental and occupational conditions on illness, injury, and death. The award serves to assist in improving the quality of environmental/occupational medicine curricula and of fostering research careers in occupational medicine.
Environmental/Occupational Medicine Academic Awards
Chief, Environmental Health Resources Branch
Division of Extramural Research and Training
National Institute of Environmental Health Services
P.O. Box 12233
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
(919) 541-7825
- Environmental Health Sciences Center Awards provide core support to universities for multidisplinary research in environmental health. Each center serves as national resources for environmental health research and manpower development. Areas of particular interest include: air, water, and food pollution; toxic mechanisms and body defense mechanisms; and the environmental aspects of cancer, birth defects, behavioral anomalies, respiratory and cardiovascular disease and diseases of other organs.
- Superfund Hazardous Substances-Basic Research and Education Program supports research to expand the base of scientific knowledge needed for adequate assessment of exposure and health risks from the release of hazardous substances, reduction in the amount and toxicity of hazardous substances, and ultimately, to prevent adverse human health effects.
- Hazardous Waste Worker Health and Safety Training provides grant support for the development and administration of health and safety training programs for workers and supervisors engaged in activities related to hazardous waste removal, containment, and transportation, or emergency response. In 1991, this program was expanded to include workers involved in generating and transporting hazardous materials and wastes, oil spill cleanup workers, and workers involved in the cleanup of nuclear workshops facilities.
- Clinical Investigator Award provides for the development of clinical investigators in the field of environmental health/human toxicology. The award of up to $35,000 per year supports the research development of physicians to work with research teams on problems arising from the exposures of human populations to environmental chemicals.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
P.O. Box 12233
104 T.W. Alexander Drive
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
(919) 541-3212
National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the principal biomedical research agency of the federal government. Its mission is to pursue knowledge to improve human health. To accomplish this goal, the Institute seeks to expand fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems, to apply that knowledge to extend the health of human lives, and to reduce the burdens resulting from disease and disability. In the quest of this mission, NIH supports biomedical and behavioral research around the world, trains promising young researchers, and promotes the acquisition and distribution of medical knowledge. Research activities conducted by NIH will determine much of the quality of health care for the future and reinforce the quality of health care currently available.
National Institutes of Health
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
National Institute of Nursing Research
The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) provides leadership for nursing research, supports and conducts research and training, and disseminates information to build a scientific base for nursing practice and patient care, and to promote health and improve the effects of illness on the general public. NINR also provides grants and awards for nursing research and research training. Programs include research in health promotion and disease prevention, acute and chronic illness, and delivery of nursing care.
National Institute of Nursing Research
9000 Rockville Pike
Building 31 #5803
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-0207
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licenses and regulates civilian use of nuclear energy to protect health and safety and the environment. This is achieved by licensing persons and companies to build and operate nuclear reactors and other facilities and to own and use nuclear materials. The Commission makes rules and sets standards for these types of licenses. It also carefully inspects the activities of the persons and companies licensed to ensure that they do not violate the safety rules of the Commission.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, DC 20555
(301) 492-7000
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was created within the Department of Labor under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 to enforce national occupational health and safety standards. OSHA encourages employers and employees to reduce workplace hazards, implements new or improved safety and health programs, provides research in occupational safety and health, requires a reporting and recording system to monitor job-related illnesses and injuries, training, develops mandatory job safety and health standards and enforces them effectively, and provides for the development, analysis, evaluation, and approval of state occupational safety and health programs.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Office of Administrative Services
200 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Room N-310
Washington, DC 20210
(202) 219-4667
State Agencies
State Health Departments and Radon Contacts
| Alabama Department of Public Health 434 Monroe Street Montgomery, AL 36130 (205) 242-5052 Radon: Montgomery (800) 582-1866 (205) 242-5315 | California Department of Health Services 714 P Street Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 657-1425 Radon: Sacramento (916) 324-2208 |
| Alaska Division of Public Health Department of Health and Social Services P.O. Box H Juneau, AK 99811 (907) 465-3090 Radon: Juneau (800) 478-4845 (907) 465-3019 | Colorado Department of Health 4210 E. 11th Avenue Denver, CO 80220 (303) 331-4600 Radon: Denver (800) 846-3986 (303) 692-3057 |
| Arizona Department of Health Services 1740 W. Adams Street Phoenix, AZ 85007 (602) 542-1024 Radon: Phoenix (602) 255-4845 | Connecticut Department of Health Services 150 Washington Street Hartford, CT 06106 (203) 566-2038 Radon: Hartford (203) 566-3122 |
| Arkansas Department of Health 4815 W. Markham Street Little Rock, AR 72205 (501) 661-2111 Radon: Little Rock (501) 661-2301 | Delaware Division of Public Health Department of Health and Social Services P.O. Box 637 Dover, DE 19903 (302) 739-4701 Radon: Dover (302) 739-3787 (800) 554-4636 (In-state) |
| District of Columbia Department of Human Services Commission of Public Health 1660 L Street, N.W., 12th Floor Washington, DC 20036 (202) 673-7700 Radon: Washington, DC (202) 727-7221 | Idaho Division of Health Department of Health and Welfare 450 W. State Street Boise, ID 83720 (208) 334-5945 Radon: Boise (800) 445-8647 (208) 334-6584 |
| Florida Health Office Department of Health and Rehabilitation Services 1323 Winewood Blvd. Building 1 Tallahassee, FL 32301 (904) 487-2705 Radon: Orlando (904) 488-1525 (800) 543-8279 | Illinois Department of Public Health 535 W. Jefferson Street Springfield, IL 62761 (217) 782-4977 Radon: Springfield (800) 325-1245 (217) 786-6384 |
| Georgia Division of Public Health 878 Peachtree Street Atlanta, GA 30309 (404) 894-7505 Radon: Atlanta (404) 894-6644 | Indiana Board of Health P.O. Box 1964 1330 W. Michigan Street Indianapolis, IN 46206 (317) 633-8400 Radon: Indianapolis (317) 633-0150 (800) 272-9723 (In-state) |
| Guam Public Health and Social Services P.O. Box 2816 Agana, Guam 96910 (671) 734-2083 Hawaii Department of Health 1250 Punchbowl Street P.O. Box 3378 Honolulu, HI 96801 (808) 586-4410 Radon: Honolulu (808) 543-4383 | Iowa Department of Public Health Robert Lucas State Office Building East 12th and Walnut Streets Des Moines, IA 50319 (515) 281-5605 Radon: Des Moines (515) 281-7781 (800) 383-5992 (In-state) |
| Kansas Department of Health and Environment 900 SW Jackson Topeka, KS 66612 (913) 296-1522 Radon: Topeka (913) 296-1560 | Massachusetts Department of Public Health 150 Tremont Street Boston, MA 02111 (617) 727-2700 Radon: North Hampton (413) 586-7525 |
| Kentucky Department for Health Services Cabinet for Human Resources 275 E. Main Street Frankfort, KY 40621 (502) 564-3970 Radon: Frankfort (502) 564-3700 | Michigan Department of Public Health 3423 N. Logan Street Lansing, MI 48909 (517) 335-8024 Radon: Lansing (517) 335-8190 |
| Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals P.O. Box 629 Baton Rouge, LA 70821 (504) 342-9500 Radon: Baton Rouge (800) 256-2494 (504) 925-7042 | Minnesota Department of Health 717 Delaware Street, S.E. P.O. Box 9441 Minneapolis, MN 55440 (612) 623-5460 Radon: Minneapolis (612) 627-5012 (800) 798-9050 |
| Maine Bureau of Health Department of Human Services State House Station 11 Augusta, ME 04333 (207) 289-2736 Radon: Augusta (800) 232-0842 (207) 789-5689 | Mississippi Department of Health P.O. Box 1700 2423 N. State Street Jackson, MS 39215 (601) 960-7634 Radon: Jackson (800) 626-7739 (601) 354-6657 |
| Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 201 W. Preston Street Baltimore, MD 21201 (301) 225-6500 Radon: Baltimore (800) 872-3666 (301) 631-3300 | Missouri Department of Health P.O. Box 570 Jefferson City, MO 65102 (314) 751-60001 Radon: Jefferson City (314) 751-6083 (800) 669-7236 (In-state) |
| Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Cogswell Building Helena, MT 59620 (406) 444-2544 Radon: Helena (406) 444-3671 | New Mexico Health and Environmental Department 1190 South Francis Drive Santa Fe, NM 87503 (505) 827-2613 Radon: Santa Fe (505) 827-4300 |
| Nebraska Department of Health 301 Centennial Mall S. P.O. Box 95007 Lincoln, NE 68509 (402) 471-4047 Radon: Lincoln (402) 471-2168 (800) 334-9491 (In-state) | New York Department of Health Tower Building Empire State Plaza Albany, NY 12237 (518) 474-2011 Radon: Albany (518) 458-6451 |
| Nevada Health Division 505 E. King Street Carson City, NV 89710 (702) 687-4740 Radon: Carson City (702) 687-5394 | North Carolina Department of Environment Health and Natural Resources Division of Health Services P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611 (919) 733-4984 Radon: Raleigh (919) 571-4141 |
| New Hampshire Division of Public Health Services Health and Welfare Building Hazen Drive Concord, NH 03301 (603) 271-4500 Radon: Concord (603) 271-4674 | North Dakota Department of Health and Consolidated Labs State Capitol Judicial Wing 600 E. Boulevard Avenue Bismarck, ND 58505 (701) 224-2372 Radon: Bismarck (701) 224-2348 |
| New Jersey Department of Health CN 360 Trenton, NJ 08625 (609) 292-7837 Radon: Trenton (609) 987-6396 (800) 648-0394 | Ohio Department of Health 246 N. High Street Columbus, OH 43266 (614) 466-2253 Radon: Columbus (614) 644-2727 (800) 523-4439 (In-state) |
| Oklahoma Department of Health 1000 NE 10th Street P.O. Box 53551 Oklahoma City, OK 73152 (405) 271-4200 Radon: Oklahoma City (405) 271-5221 | South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control 2600 Bull Street Columbia, SC 29201 (803) 735-4880 Radon: Columbia (800) 768-0362 (803) 734-4700 |
| Oregon State Health Division 1400 SW 5th Avenue Portland, OR 97201 (503) 229-4032 Radon: Portland (503) 731-4014 | South Dakota Department of Health 445 E. Capitol Pierre, SD 57501 (605) 773-3361 Radon: Pierre (605) 773-3351 |
| Pennsylvania Department of Health P.O. Box 90 Harrisburg, PA 17108 (717) 787-6436 Radon: Harrisburg (717) 787-2480 (800) 23-RADON (In-state) | Tennessee Department of Health and Environment 344 Cordell Hull Building Nashville, TN 37247-0101 (615) 741-3111 Radon: Nashville (800) 232-1139 (615) 741-3651 |
| Puerto Rico Department of Health Building A, Call Box 70184 San Juan, PR 00936 (809) 766-1616 Radon: Rio Piedras (809) 767-3563 | Texas Department of Health 1100 W. 49th Street Austin, TX 78756 (512) 458-7111 Radon: Austin (512) 834-6688 |
| Rhode Island Department of Health Cannon Health Building 3 Capitol Hill Providence, RI 02908 (401) 277-2231 Radon: Providence (401) 277-2438 | Utah Department of Health 288 N. 1460 W. P.O. Box 16700 Salt Lake City, UT 84116 (801) 538-6111 Radon: Salt Lake City (801) 538-6734 |
| Vermont Department of Health P.O. Box 70 60 Main Street Burlington, VT 05402 (802) 863-7280 Radon: Montpelier (800) 640-0601 (802) 828-2886 | West Virginia Department of Public Health Building 3, State Capital Complex Charleston, WV 25305 (304) 348-2971 Radon: South Charleston (304) 558-3526 (800) 922-1255 (In-state) |
| Virgin Island Department of Health L18 Sugar Estate St. Thomas, VI 00802 (809) 774-4888 | Wisconsin Division of Health Department of Health and Social Services P.O. Box 309 Madison, WI 53707 (608) 266-1511 Radon: Madison (608) 267-4795 |
| Virginia Department of Health P.O. Box 2448 Richmond, VA 23218 (804) 786-3561 Radon: Richmond (800) 468-0138 (804) 786-5932 | Wyoming Health and Medical Services Hathaway Building Cheyenne, WY 82002 (307) 777-6464 Radon: Cheyenne (800) 458-5847 (307) 777-6015 |
| Washington Department of Health 1112 S.E. Quince Street Olympia, WA 98504-7890 (206) 753-5871 Radon: Olympia (800) 323-9727 (206) 753-4518 |
Environmental Council of States (ECOS Member States Directory)
| ALABAMA John Smith Director Alabama Department of Environmental Management 1751 Congressman W.L. Dickinson Drive P.O. Box 371463 Montgomery, AL 36130-1463 (334) 271-7761 | ALASKA Gene Burden Commissioner Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 410 Willoughby Avenue, Suite 105 Juneau, AK 99801-1795 (907) 465-5066 |
| ARIZONA Edward Z. Fox Director Arizona Department of Environmental Quality 3033 N. Central Avenue Phoenix, AZ 85012 (602) 207-2203 | CONNECTICUT Sidney Holbrook Commissioner Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection 165 Capitol Avenue, Room 161 Hartford, CT 06106 (203) 424-3001 |
| ARKANSAS Randall Mathis Director Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecology 8001 National Drive P.O. Box 8913 Little Rock, AR 72219-8913 (501) 570-2130 | DELAWARE Christophe A.G. Tulou Secretary Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control P.O. Box 1401 Dover, DE 19903 (302) 739-4403 |
| CALIFORNIA James M. Strock Secretary California Environmental Protection Agency 555 Capitol Mall, Suite 235 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 445-3846 | DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Ferial Bishop Administrator District of Columbia Environmental Regulation Administration 2100 Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue Suite 203 Washington, DC 20020 (202) 645-6617 |
| COLORADO Tom Looby Director, Office of Environment Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment 4300 Cherry Creek Drive, South Denver, CO 80222 (303) 692-3001 | FLORIDA Virginia B. Wetherell Secretary Florida Department of Environmental Protection 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard Tallahassee, FL 32399 (904) 488-4805 |
| GEORGIA Harold F. Reheis Director, Environmental Protection Division Georgia Department of Natural Resources 205 Butler Street, SE, Suite 1152 Atlanta, GA 30334 (404) 656-4713 | INDIANA Kathy Prosser Commissioner Indiana Department of Environmental Management 100 North Senate Avenue P.O. Box 6015 Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015 (317) 232-8162 |
| HAWAII Bruce Anderson Director for Environmental Health P.O. Box 3378 Honolulu, HI 96801 (808) 586-4424 | KANSAS Ron Hammerschmidt Director, Division of Environment Kansas Department of Health and Environment 740 Forbes Field Topeka, KS 66620 (913) 296-1535 |
| IDAHO Wallace Cory Administrator Idaho Division of Environmental Quality 450 W. State Street Boise, ID 83720 (208) 334-5840 | KENTUCKY Phillip J. Shepherd Secretary Kentucky Natural Resources and Environment Protection Cabinet Capital Plaza Tower, 5th Floor Frankfort, KY 40601 (502) 564-3350 |
| ILLINOIS Mary Gade Director Illinois Environmental Protection Agency 2200 Churchill Road Springfield, IL 62706 (217) 782-9540 | LOUISIANA William Kurcharski Secretary Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 82263 Baton Rouge, LA 70884-2263 (504) 765-0639 |
| MAINE Edward Sullivan Commissioner Maine Department of Environmental Protection State House Station 17 Augusta, ME 04333 (207) 287-2812 | MICHIGAN Russell Harding Deputy Director Michigan Department of Natural Resources P.O. Box 30028 Lansing, MI 48909 (517) 373-7917 |
| MARYLAND Jane T. Nishida Secretary Maryland Department of the Environment 2500 Broening Highway Baltimore, MD 21224 (410) 631-3084 | MINNESOTA Charles Williams Commissioner Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette Road North St. Paul, MN 55155-4194 (612) 296-7301 |
| John Chlada Director Strategic Planning and Enforcement Maryland Department of the Environment 2500 Broening Highway Baltimore, MD 21224 (410) 631-3114 | MISSISSIPPI J.I. Palmer Executive Director Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 20305 2380 Highway 80 West Jackson, MS 39289-1305 (601) 961-5000 |
| MASSACHUSETTS David B. Strubs Commissioner Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection 1 Winter Street Boston, MA 02108 (617) 292-5856 | MISSOURI David A. Shorr Director Missouri Department of Natural Resources P.O. Box 176 Jefferson City, MO 65102 (314) 751-4732 |
| NEBRASKA Randolph Wood Director Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 98922 Lincoln, NE 68509 (402) 471-4231 | NEW YORK Michael Zagata Commissioner New York Department of Environmental Conservation 50 Wolf Road Albany, NY 12233-1010 (518) 457-1162 |
| NEW HAMPSHIRE Robert W. Varney Commissioner New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services 6 Hazen Drive P.O. Box 95 Concord, NH 03301 (603) 271-3503 | NORTH CAROLINA Jonathon Howes Secretary North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611-7687 (919) 733-4984 |
| NEW JERSEY Robert Shinn New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection 401 E. State Street, CN 402 Trenton, NJ 08625 (609) 292-2885 | NORTH DAKOTA Francis Schwindt Chief North Dakota Environmental Health Section 1200 Missouri Avenue P.O. Box 5520 Bismarck, ND 58502-5520 (701) 328-5150 |
| NEW MEXICO Mark Weidler Secretary New Mexico Environment Department P.O. Box 26110 Santa Fe, NM 87502 (505) 827-2855 | OHIO Donald R. Schregardus Director Ohio Environmental Protection Agency 1800 Watermark Drive Columbus, OH 43266 (614) 644-2782 |
| OKLAHOMA Mark Coleman Executive Director Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality 1000 NE 10th Street, Suite 1212 Oklahoma City, OK 73119-1212 (405) 271-8056 | RHODE ISLAND Timothy R.E. Keeney Director Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management 9 Hayes Street Providence, RI 02908 (401) 277-2234 |
| OREGON Langdon Marsh Director Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 811 SW 6th Avenue Portland, OR 97204 (503) 229-5696 | SOUTH CAROLINA R. Lewis Shaw Deputy Commissioner South Carolina Environmental Quality Control Division 2600 Bull Street Columbia, SC 29201 (803) 734-5360 |
| PENNSYLVANIA James Seif Secretary Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources P.O. Box 2063 Harrisburg, PA 17105-2063 (717) 772-2724 | SOUTH DAKOTA Nettie H. Meyers Secretary South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources Joe Foss Building 523 E. Capitol Avenue Pierre, SD 57501 (605) 773-5559 |
| PUERTO RICO Hector Russe Martinez Chairman Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board P.O. Box 11488 San Juan, PR 00910 (809) 767-8056 | TENNESSEE J.W. Luna Commissioner Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation 21st Floor, L & C Tower 401 Church Street Nashville, TN 37243-0435 (615) 532-0109 |
| TEXAS Peggy Garner Commissioner Texas National Resource and Conservation Commission P.O. Box 13087 Austin, TX 78711-3087 (512) 239-5515 | WASHINGTON Mary Riveland Director Washington Department of Ecology P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 (206) 407-7001 |
| UTAH Brent C. Bradford Deputy Director Utah Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 144810 Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4810 (801) 536-4405 | WISCONSIN George E. Meyer Secretary Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources P.O. Box 7921 Madison, WI 53707 (608) 266-2121 |
| VERMONT Bill Brierley Acting Commissioner Vermont Agency of Natural Resources 103 S. Main Street, Building 1, South Waterbury, VT 05671 (802) 241-3800 | WYOMING Dennis Hemmer Director Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality 122 W. 25th Street Cheyenne, WY 82002 (307) 777-7938 |
ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS
American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) was established to promote high standards of health care delivered by nurse practitioners. AANP acts as a forum to enhance the identity and continuity of nurse practitioners while also addressing national and state legislative issues that affect its members.
American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
OBJ Building
P.O. Box 12846, Capital Station
Austin, TX 78711
(512) 442-4262
American Academy of Nursing
The American Academy of Nursing (ANA) was established in order to help facilitate the advance of new concepts in nursing and health care. ANA attempts to identify and explore issues in health, the professions, and society that concern nursing, while also examining the interrelationships among the segments within nursing and the interaction among nurses as they affect the development of the nursing profession.
American Academy of Nursing
600 Maryland Avenue, S.W.
Suite 100 W
Washington, DC 20024-2571
(202) 554-4444
American Assembly for Men in Nursing
The American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN) was originally established to help eliminate prejudice in nursing for men. Today, the AAMN provides a forum for discussion of common problems, provides incentives for continuing education and professional growth, while also furthering the need for all health professionals to be sensitive to various social needs in the pursuit of positive health care.
American Assembly for Men in Nursing
P.O. Box 31753
Independence, OH 44131
(216) 524-3504
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) encompasses all institutions offering baccalaureate and/or graduate degrees in nursing. AACN seeks to advance the practice of professional nursing by improving the quality of educational programs offered, promoting research and developing academic leaders. AACN also works with other professional nursing organizations and organizations in the health professions to evaluate and improve health care.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
1 Dupont Circle, N.W.
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 463-6930
American Association of Occupational Health Nurses
The American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN) is an organization of registered professional nurses employed by business and industrial firms; nurse educators, nurse editors, nurse writers; and others interested in occupational health nursing.
American Association of Occupational Health Nurses
50 Lenox Pointe
Atlanta, GA 30324
(800) 241-8014
(404) 262-1162
American Association of Poison Control Centers
The American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) aids in the procurement of information on the ingredients and potential acute toxicity of substances that may cause accidental poisonings and on the proper management of such poisonings. The AAPCC has established standards for the poison information and control centers, offering immediate information through hotlines around the country. The AAPCC also conducts educational programs and prepares visual aids on prevention of accidental poisonings; maintains a national poisoning database; and operates a nationwide speakers' bureau.
American Association of Poison Control Centers
3800 Reservoir Road, N.W.
Washington, DC 20007
(202) 784-4666/362-7217
(202) 784-2530 FAX
| ALABAMA Birmingham Regional Poison Control Center The Children's Hospital of Alabama Emergency (205) 939-9201 (800) 292-6678 (In-state) (205) 933-4050 | ARIZONA Phoenix Samaritan Regional Poison Center (602) 253-3334 Tucson Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center Emergency (800) 362-0101 (In-state) (602) 626-6016 |
| CALIFORNIA Fresno Fresno Regional Poison Control Center Valley Children's Hospital Emergency (800) 346-5922 (In-state) (202) 445-1222 Sacramento University of California, Davis Medical Center Regional Poison Control Center Emergency (916) 734-3692 (800) 342-9293 (In-state) San Diego San Diego Regional Poison Control Center University of California, San Diego Medical Center Emergency (619) 543-6000 (800) 876-4766 (In-state) San Francisco San Francisco Bay Area Regional Poison Control Center San Francisco General Hospital Emergency (800) 523-2222 San Jose Santa Clara Valley Medical Center Regional Poison Center Emergency (408) 299-5112 (800) 342-9293 (In-state) | COLORADO Denver Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center Emergency (303) 629-1123 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington National Capital Poison Control Center Georgetown University Hospital Emergency (202) 625-3333 (202) 784-4660 (TTY) FLORIDA Tampa The Florida Poison Information Center and Toxicology Resource Center Tampa General Hospital Emergency (813) 253-444 (800) 282-3171 (In-state) GEORGIA Atlanta Georgia Poison Center Grady Memorial Hospital Emergency (800) 282-5846 (In-state) (404) 616-9000 INDIANA Indianapolis Indiana Poison Center Methodist Hospital of Indiana Emergency (800) 382-9097 (In-state) (317) 929-2323 |
| MARYLAND Baltimore Maryland Poison Center (410) 528-7701 Emergency (800) 492-2414 (In-state) MASSACHUSETTS Boston Massachusetts Poison Control System Emergency (617) 232-2120 (800) 682-9211 MICHIGAN Detroit Poison Control Center Emergency (313) 745-5711 MINNESOTA Minneapolis Hennepin Regional Poison Center Hennepin County Medical Center Emergency (612) 347-3141 (612) 337-7474 (TTY) MISSOURI St. Louis Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital Regional Poison Center Emergency (314) 772-5200 (800) 366-8888 (In-state) MONTANA Denver (Colorado) Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center Emergency (303) 629-1123 | NEBRASKA Omaha The Poison Center Emergency (402) 390-5555 (800) 955-9119 (In-state) NEW JERSEY Newark New Jersey Poison Information and Education System Emergency (800) 962-1253 (In-state) NEW MEXICO Albuquerque New Mexico Poison and Drug Information Center Emergency (505) 843-2551 (800) 432-6866 (In-state) NEW YORK Mineola Long Island Regional Poison Control Center Winthrop University Hospital Emergency (516) 542-2323 New York New York City Poison Control Center New York City Department of Health Emergency (212) 340-4494 (212) P-O-I-S-O-N-S (212) 689-9014 (TDD) Nyack Hudson Valley Poison Center Nyack Hospital Emergency (800) 366-6997 (914) 353-1000 |
| OHIO Columbus Central Ohio Poison Center Emergency (614) 228-1323 (800) 682-7625 (614) 228-2272 (TTY) Cincinnati Cincinnati Drug and Poison Information Center and Regional Poison Control System Emergency (513) 558-5111 (800) 872-5111 OREGON Portland Oregon Poison Center Oregon Health Sciences University Emergency (503) 494-8968 (800) 452-7165 (In-state) PENNSYLVANIA Philadelphia The Poison Control Center One Children's Center Emergency (215) 386-2100 Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Poison Center Emergency (412) 681-6669 Hershey Central Pennsylvania Poison Center Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Emergency (800) 521-6110 | RHODE ISLAND Providence Rhode Island Poison Center Emergency (401) 277-5727 (401) 277-8062 (TDD) TEXAS Dallas North Texas Poison Center Emergency (214) 590-5000 (800) 441-0040 (In-state) Galveston Texas State Poison Center The University of Texas Medical Branch Emergency (409) 765-1420 (713) 654-1701 (Houston) (512) 478-4490 (Austin) UTAH Salt Lake City Utah Poison Control Center Emergency (801) 581-2151 (800) 456-7707 (In-state) VIRGINIA Charlottesville Blue Ridge Poison Center Emergency (804) 924-5543 (800) 451-1428 Northern Virginia National Capital Poison Center Georgetown University Hospital Emergency (202) 625-3333 (202) 784-4660 (TTY) |
| WEST VIRGINIA Charleston West Virginia Poison Center Emergency (800) 642-3625 (In-state) (304) 348-4211 | WYOMING Omaha (Nebraska) The Poison Center Emergency (402) 390-5555 (800) 955-9199 (NE and WY only) |
American Board for Occupational Health Nurses
The American Board for Occupational Health Nurses (ABOHN) establishes standards and confers initial and ongoing certification in occupational health nurses. Besides conducting annual certification examinations, the ABOHN awards occupational health nurses for excellence in the field and in research. The ABOHN has also created a database with information and directories relevant to occupational health and nursing.
American Board for Occupational Health Nurses
10503 N. Cedarburg Road
Mequon, WI 53092-4403
(414) 242-0704
American Cancer Society
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is comprised of volunteers who support education and research in cancer prevention, diagnosis, detection, and treatment. ACS provides special services to cancer patients while also establishing educational programs for health professionals and communities.
American Cancer Society
1599 Clifton Road, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30329
(800) ACS-2345
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) is dedicated to the advancement of women's health through education, advocacy, practice, and research. ACOG works to serve as a strong advocate for quality health care for women, maintain the highest standards of clinical practice and continuing education for its members, promote patient education and stimulate patient understanding of, and involvement in, medical care, and increase awareness among its members and the public of the changing issues facing women's health care.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
409 12th Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20024
(202) 638-5577
American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) is an association of approximately 6,500 physicians attempting to educate members and other physicians, employers, other organizations, and the public-at-large about occupational and environmental health. The ACOEM has developed a continuing education course entitled Core Curriculum in Environmental Medicine in order to enhance physicians' critical thinking on environmental issues, improve their problem-solving skills, and make them more effective at decision-making about environmental concerns. Once the Curriculum has been fully developed, ACOEM will make the teaching materials available to other organizations, including medical schools. The ultimate goal of this project has been to enable health professionals to serve as environmental educators to all of the communities in which they are involved.
American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
55 West Seegers Road
Arlington Heights, IL 60005
(708) 228-6850
American Lung Association
The American Lung Association (ALA) is a federation of state and local associations of physicians, nurses, and laymen interested in the prevention and control of lung disease. The Association works with other organizations in planning and conducting programs in community services, public, professional, and patient education, and research. The ALA also makes recommendations regarding medical care of respiratory disease, occupational health, hazards of smoking, and air conservation.
American Lung Association
1740 Broadway
New York, NY 10019-4374
(212) 315-8700
American Nurses Association
The American Nurses Association (ANA) is comprised of registered nurses from around the country. ANA seeks to promote the nursing profession through its sponsorship of the American Nurses Foundation (for research), American Academy of Nursing, Center for Ethics and Human Rights, International Nursing Center, Ethnic/Racial Minority Fellowship Programs, and the American Nurses Credentialing Center.
American Nurses Association
600 Maryland Avenue, S.W.
Suite 100 W
Washington, DC 20024-2571
(202) 554-4444
American Nurses Foundation
The American Nurses Foundation (ANF) was established by the American Nurses Association to conduct health policy research as it relates to nursing and the health care of the general public.
American Nurses Foundation
600 Maryland Avenue, S.W.
Suite 100 W
Washington, DC 20024-2571
(202) 554-4444
American Public Health Association
The American Public Health Association (APHA) was founded in 1872 as a professional organization of physicians, nurses, educators, academicians, environmentalists, epidemiologists, new professionals, social workers, health administrators, optometrists, podiatrists, pharmacists, dentists, nutritionists, health planners, other community and mental health specialists, and any interested consumer. The APHA seeks to protect and promote personal, mental, and environmental health through the promulgation of health standards, establishment of uniform practices and procedures, development of etiology of communicable diseases, research in public health, exploration of medical care programs and their relationships to public health.
American Public Health Association
1015 15th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 789-5600
Association of Black Nursing Faculty
The Association of Black Nursing Faculty (ABNF) is made up of black nursing faculty teaching in nursing programs accredited by the National League for Nursing. ABNF works to promote health-related issues and educational concerns of interest to the black community by providing forums for communication and the exchange of information among members, develops strategies to address the concerns of the community, and promotes health-related issues of legislation, government programs, and community activities.
Association of Black Nursing Faculty
5823 Queens Cove
Lisle, IL 60532
(708) 969-3809
Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics
The Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics is dedicated to higher standards of patient-centered, multi-disciplinary care emphasizing prevention and total health through information sharing, quality service and collaborative research. As a national network of clinical facilities, the clinics vary greatly in orientation, physical facilities, and staff capabilities. However, every clinic does offer an on-site staff physician with either board-certification or demonstrated expertise in occupational medicine. Clinics must also have industrial hygienists and other professionals with expertise in occupational and / or environmental health such as nurses, social workers, and health educators either on staff or available through a pre-arranged referral network.
Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics
1010 Vermont Avenue, #513
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 347-4976
| ALABAMA Birmingham Occupational and Environmental Medicine Clinic University of Alabama at Birmingham Contact: Timothy J. Key, MD, MPH Brian G. Forrester, MD, MPH (205) 934-7303 CALIFORNIA Davis Occupational and Environmental Health Clinic University of California at Davis Contact: Stephen McCurdy, MD, MPH Marc Schenker, MD, MPH (916) 752-3317 Irvine Occupational and Environmental Clinic University of California at Irvine Contact: Dean Baker, MD, MPH (714) 824-8641 San Francisco Occupational and Environmental Medicine Clinic University of California at San Francisco Contact: Patricia Quinlan, MPH Diane Liu, MD, MPH Jordan Rinker, MD, MPH (415) 885-7770 | COLORADO Denver Occupational and Environmental Medicine Division National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine Contact: Peggy Mroz, MSPH Kathleen Kreiss, MD Cecile Rose, MD, MPH (303) 398-1520 CONNECTICUT Farmington University of Connecticut Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program Contact: Eileen Storey, MD, (203) 679-2893 New Haven Yale University Occupational/Environmental Medicine Program Yale School of Medicine Contact: Mark Cullen, MD, MPH (203) 785-5885 Waterbury Waterbury Occupational Health Contact: Gregory McCarthy, MD, MPH (203) 573-8114 |
| DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington, DC Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine Contact: Laura Welch, MD, MOH Rosemary Sokas, MD (202) 994-1734 GEORGIA Atlanta Environmental and Occupational Program The Emory Clinic at Perimeter Contact: Howard Frumkin, MD, DrPH Edward Galaid, MD, MPH (404) 727-3697 (404) 248-5478 ILLINOIS Chicago Managed Care Occupational Health Program Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Center Contact: Gene Miller, Director Edward Mogabgab, MD (312) 257-6480 Occupational Medicine Clinic Cook County Hospital Contact: Stephen Hessl, MD, MPH (312) 633-5310 | University of Illinois Occupational Medicine Program Contact: Linda Forst, MD, MS, MPH Stephen Hessl, MD, MPH (312) 996-1063 IOWA Iowa City University of Iowa Occupational Medicine Clinic Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Contact: David Schwartz, MD, DrPH Emma Rosenau, MPH (319) 356-8269 KENTUCKY Lexington University of Kentucky Occupational Medicine Program Contact: Terence R. Collins, MD, MPH Chaim Cohen, MD, MPH (606) 257-5166 LOUISIANA New Orleans Ochsner Center for Occupational Health Contact: Peter G. Casten, MD, MPH Douglas A. Swift, MD, MSPH (504) 838-3955 |
| MAINE Portland Center for Health Promotion Contact: Stephen Shannon, DO, MPH Sue Upshaw, MD, MPH (207) 774-7751 MARYLAND Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Center for Occupational and Environmental Health Contact: Edward J. Bernacki, MD, MPH (410) 550-2322 Occupational Health Project School of Medicine Division of General Internal Medicine University of Maryland Contact: James Keogh, MD Julie Gordon, ScM (410) 706-7464 MASSACHUSETTS Boston Pulmonary Associates (Occupational Medicine) Contact: L. Christine Oliver, MD, MPH Elisha Atkins, MD Dean Hashimoto, MD, JD David Christiani, MD, MPH (617) 726-3741 | Cambridge Occupational and Environmental Health Center Cambridge Hospital Contact: Rose Goldman, MD, MPH Susan Rosenwasser, MEd (617) 498-1580 South Braintree Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine Massachusetts Respiratory Hospital Contact: Diane Plantamura, MSW (617) 848-2600 Worcester Occupational Health Program Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Massachusetts Contact: Glenn Pransky, MD, Occ. H. Thomas Hicks, MD, MPH (508) 856-3093 MICHIGAN Ann Arbor Occupational Health Program School of Public Health University of Michigan Contact: David Garabrant, MD, MPH Tom Robins, MD, MPH Alfred Franzblau, MD, MPH (313) 764-2594 |
| Detroit Division of Occupational Health Wayne State University Department of Family Medicine Contact: Raymond Demers, MD, MPH Mark Upfal, MD, MPH James Blessman, MD, MPH Maryjean Schenk, MD, MPH Robert Morris, MD, MPH Sushil Mankani, MD, MPH (313) 577-1420 East Lansing Michigan State University Department of Medicine Contact: Kenneth Rosenman, MD, MPH (517) 353-1846 Lansing Occupational Health Service St. Lawrence Hospital and Health Institute Contact: R. Michael Kelly, MD, MPH (517) 377-0309 Southfield Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine Contact: Margaret Green, MD, MPH Michael Harbut, MD, MPH (313) 559-6663 | MINNESOTA Minneapolis Columbia Park Medical Group Occupational Medicine Department Contact: Donald Johnson, MD, MPH Dorothy Quick, RN, COHN (612) 572-5710 St. Paul Ramsey Clinic Occupational and Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine Residency Training Contact: Paula Geiger, Admin. Secretary William H. Lohman, MD (612) 221-3771 NEW JERSEY Piscataway Environmental and Occupational Health Clinical Center Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Contact: Howard Kipen, MD, MPH Gail Buckler, RN, MPH, COHN (908) 445-0123 |
| NEW YORK Latham Eastern NY Occupational Health Program Contact: Anne Tencza, RN, COHN Eckhardt Johanning, MD, MSc (518) 783-1518 New York Bellevue Occupational and Environmental Health Clinic Bellevue Hospital Contact: George Friedman-Jimenez, MD Rafael de la Hoz, MD, MPH (212) 561-4572 Mount Sinai J. Selikoff Occupational Health Clinical Center Contact: Stephen Mooser, MPH Stephen Levin, MD Robin Herbert, MD (212) 241-6173 Rochester Finger Lakes Occupational Health Services Contact: Julie R. Cataldo, Administrator (716) 275-1335 Stony Brook Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine State University of NY School of Medicine Contact: Wajdy Hailoo, MD, MPH (516) 444-2167 | Syracuse Central New York Occupational Health Clinical Center Contact: Michael B. Lax, MD, MPH (315) 432-8899 NORTH CAROLINA Durham Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Duke University Medical Center Contact: Dennis Darcey, MD, MPSH Gary Greenberg, MD, MPH (919) 286-3232 OHIO Cincinnati Center for Occupational Health Holmes Hospital Contact: James Donovan, MD, MS Douglas Linz, MD, MS Susan Pinney, PhD (513) 558-1234 Greater Cincinnati Occupational Health Center Jewish Hospital at Evendale Contact: Harriet Applegate, Director Margaret Atterbury, MD, MPH (513) 769-0561 |
| Cleveland Occupational/Environmental Health Clinic Department of Family Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Contact: Kathleen Fagan, MD, MPH (216) 778-8087 OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City University Occupational Health Sciences Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Contact: David Paul, MD, MPH Lynn Mitchell, MD, MPH (405) 271-6177 Tulsa WorkMed, Inc. Contact: James W. Small, MD, MPH Steve Snyder, MD Tiari A. Harris, MD, MPH Lloyd Anderson, MD (918) 627-4646 PENNSYLVANIA Philadelphia Occupational Health Service Department of Community and Preventive Medicine Medical College of Pennsylvania Contact: Eddy Bresnitz, MD, MS Harriet Rubenstein, JD, MPH (215) 842-6540 | Pittsburgh Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program University of Pittsburgh Contact David Tollerud, MD, MPH (412) 624-3155 Willow Grove Center for Occupational and Environmental Health Abington Memorial Hospital Contact: Jessica Herzstein, MD, MPH (215) 881-5904 RHODE ISLAND Pawtuckett Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island Occupational Health Service Brown University Contact: David G. Kern, MD, MPH (401) 729-2859 TEXAS Tyler Texas Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Contact: Jeffrey Levin, MD, MSPH (903) 877-7262 |
| UTAH Salt Lake City Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health Contact: Anthony Suruda, MD, MPH Royce Moser, MD, MPH (801) 581-5056 WASHINGTON Seattle Occupational Medicine Program University of Washington Harborview Medical Center Contact: Scott Barnhart, MD, MPH Drew Brodkin, MD, MPH Matt Keifer, MD, MPH (206) 223-3005 | WEST VIRGINIA Huntington Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Department of Family and Community Medicine Marshall University School of Medicine Contact: Chris McGuffin, MS James Becker, MD (304) 696-7045 CANADA Edmonton, Alberta Occupational Medicine Consultation Clinic University of Alberta Contact: Linda Cocchiarella, MD, MPH Tee Guidotti, MD, MPH (403) 492-7849 Winnipeg, Manitoba MFL Occupational Health Centre, Inc. Contact: Judy Cook, Executive Director (204) 949-0811 |
American Organization of Nurse Executives
The American Organization of Nurses Executives (AONE) was established to provide leadership and assistance in the professional development of nursing leaders. AONE seeks to advance the practice of nursing and patient care through advocacy and research while also playing a vital role in shaping health care public policy at the state and federal levels. AONE also provides educational opportunities for the enhancement of management, leadership, educational, and professional development of nurses as leaders.
American Organization of Nurse Executives
840 N. Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, IL 60611
(312) 280-5213
Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine
The Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine (ATPM) is a national organization for medical educators, practitioners, and students committed to advancing the teaching of all aspects of preventive medicine. The scope of knowledge and competence distinctive to preventive medicine includes biostatistics, epidemiology, administration, environmental and occupational health, the application of social and behavioral factors in health and disease, and primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention measures within clinical medicine. ATPM was founded in 1942 with three basic objectives: (1) advancing medical education; (2) developing instruction, scientific skills and knowledge in preventive medicine; and (3) exchanging experience and ideas among its members.
Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine
1015 15th Street, N.W. Suite 405
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 682-1698
Association of University Environmental Health/Sciences Centers
The Association of University Environmental Health/Sciences Centers (AUEHSC) provides a forum for all of the university-based environmental health science centers supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health. The AUEHSC enables members to exchange information, work in collaboration on projects, and promote cooperation among centers.
Association of University Environmental Health/Science Centers
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
One Gustave L. Levey Place New York, NY 10029
(212) 241-6173
Center for Safety in the Arts
The Center for Safety in the Arts (CSA) seeks to gather and disseminate
information about health hazards encountered by artists, craftsmen, teachers, children, and others working with art materials. The Center provides on-site assessments of the health and safety features of facilities used by artists, craftsmen, and students; responds to inquiries concerning art-related health hazards; and conducts consultation programs. CSA now offers extensive information through a gopher. To tap into gopher to tmn.com, choose the Arts Wire option, followed by the Center for Safety in the Arts options.
Center for Safety in the Arts
5 Beekman Street
New York, NY 10038
(212) 227-6220
Committees on Occupational Safety and Health
The Committees on Occupational Safety and Health are non-profit coalitions of local unions and individual workers, physicians, lawyers, and other health safety activists dedicated to the right of each worker to a safe and healthy job. Committees throughout the states provide health and safety training, technical assistance, consultations and on-site evaluations, and contract language assistance.
Committees on Occupational Safety and Health
275 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY 10001
(212) 627-3900
International Commission on Occupational Health
The International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) was founded in 1906 to study new facts in the field of occupational health, to draw the attention of all responsible to the results of study and investigation in occupational health, and to organize meetings on national and international problems in this field. The ICOH has established 26 different scientific committees including a Scientific Committee on Nursing that focus on specific occupational health problems and issues.
International Commission on Occupational Health
Department of Community, Occupational, and Family Medicine
National University Hospital
Lower Kent Ridge Road
0511 Singapore
International Council of Nurses
The International Council of Nurses (ICN) was founded in 1899 as an multinational nurses' association. The ICN provides a medium through which members can work together in promoting the health of people and the care of the sick across countries. The objectives of ICN are to improve the standards and status of nursing, promote the development of strong national nurses' associations, and serve as the authoritative voice for nurses and the nursing profession worldwide.
International Council of Nurses
1 place Jean-Marteau
CH-12101 Geneva, Switzerland
(22) 731-2960
MotherRisk Program
The MotherRisk Program will counsel callers about the safety of an exposure to drugs, chemicals, or radiation during pregnancy or breastfeeding. The team of physicians and information specialists gives advice on whether medications, X-rays, or chemicals in the work environment will harm the developing fetus or breast-fed baby.
MotherRisk Program
Hospital for Sick Children
555 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G1X8
(416) 813-6780
National Association of Hispanic Nurses
The National Association of Hispanic Nurses (NAHN) was founded in 1976 for nurses on all educational levels from all Hispanic subgroups and non-Hispanic nurses concerned about the health delivery needs of the Hispanic community and nursing students. NAHN seeks to serve the nursing and health care delivery needs of the Hispanic community and the professional needs of Hispanic nurses. The association also provides forums for Hispanic nurses to analyze, research, and evaluate the health care needs of Hispanic communities and then disseminates findings of that research to local, state, and federal agencies in order to affect policy-making and resource allocation.
National Association of Hispanic Nurses
1501 16th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 387-2477
National Association of School Nurses
The National Association of School Nurses (NASN) is made up of school nurses throughout the country who conduct comprehensive school health programs in public and private schools. The objectives of the NASN are to provide national leadership in the promotion of health services for schoolchildren; to promote school health interests to the nursing and health community and the public; and to monitor legislation pertaining to school nursing. The NASN also provides continuing education programs at the national level and assistance to states for program implementation. NASN also operates the National Board for Certification of School Nurses and certifies school nurses. Besides establishing several workshops and grants for studying children, drug abuse, the female body, and skin care, NASN bestows the annual School Nurse of the Year and Lillian Wald Research Awards.
National Association of School Nurses
Lamplighter Lane
P.O. Box 1300
Scarborough, ME 04070
(207) 883-2117
National Black Nurses Association
The National Black Nurses Association (NBNA) functions as a professional support group and as an advocacy group for the black community and their health care. NBNA recruits and assists blacks interested in pursing nursing as a career and presents scholarships to student nurses who have excelled in the field.
National Black Nurses Association
1012 10th Street N.W.
Washington, DC 20001-4492
(202) 393-6870
National Council of State Boards of Nursing
The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) was founded in 1978 as the national council for all state boards of nursing. The NCSBN seeks to assist member boards in administrating the National Council Licensure Examinations for Registered Nurses and Practical Nurses and works to insure relevancy of the exams to current nursing practice. The council also aids individual boards in the collection and analysis of information pertaining to the licensure and discipline of nurses. The NCSBN also provides consultative services, conducts research, and sponsors educational programs.
National Council of State Boards of Nursing
676 N. St. Clair, Suite 550
Chicago, IL 60611
(312) 787-6555
National Environmental Health Association
The National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) is a professional society of persons engaged in environmental health and protection for governmental agencies, public health and environmental protection agencies, industry, colleges, and universities. NEHA also conducts national professional registration programs and offers continuing education opportunities for interested professionals.
National Environmental Health Association
720 S. Colorado Blvd.
Suite 970, S. Tower
Denver, CO 80222
(301) 756-9090
National League for Nursing
The National League for Nursing (NLN) was established in 1952 for individuals and leaders in nursing and other health professions interested in solving health care problems. The NLN works to assess nursing needs, improve organized nursing services and nursing education, foster collaboration between nursing and other health and community services, provide tests used in the selection of applicants to schools of nursing, and prepare tests used in evaluating nursing student progress and nursing service test. On a national level, the NLN accredits nursing education programs and community health agencies while collecting and disseminating data on nursing services and education.
National League for Nursing
350 Hudson Street
New York, NY 10014
(800) 669-1656
National Student Nurses' Association
The National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA) comprises students currently enrolled in state-approved nursing schools for the preparation of becoming registered nurses. NSNA seeks to aid in the development of the individual nursing student and urges students, as future health professionals, to be aware of and to contribute to improving the health care of all people. NSNA also encourages programs and activities in state groups concerning nursing, health, and the community.
National Student Nurses' Association
555 W. 57th Street
Suite 1327
New York, NY 10019
(212) 581-2211
Nurses Educational Funds
The Nurses Educational Funds (NEF) seeks to establish, maintain, and administer funds to provide financial assistance to registered nurses studying for advanced degrees. The NEF also helps formulate policies for the administration of such funds while collecting and managing all funds contributed to it.
Nurses Educational Funds
555 W. 57th Street, 13th Floor
New York, NY 10019
(212) 582-8820
Pesticide Education Center
Founded in 1933 to educate the public about the hazards and health effects of pesticides, the Pesticide Education Center works with community groups, workers, individuals, and others harmed by or concerned about risks to their health from exposure to pesticides used in agriculture, the home and garden, and other environmental and industrial uses. Its goal is to provide critical information about pesticides so that the public can make more informed decisions and choices. The PEC provides information, curricular materials, and help with seminars and workshops on a nationwide basis.
Pesticide Education Center
P.O. Box 420870
San Francisco, CA 94142-0870
(415) 391-8511
Sigma Theta Tau International
Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI) was founded in 1822 as a honorary society for nurses. STTI provides members with the opportunity to access information through their libraries, references, and databases, while also recognizing excellence in the field of nursing with awards and grants for research. STTI seeks to promote the profession of nursing as leaders, advocates, and pertinent players in the care of the individual and community's health.
Sigma Theta Tau International
550 W. North Street
Indianapolis, IN 46202
(317) 634-8171
Society for Occupational and Environmental Health
The Society for Occupational and Environmental Health (SOEH) includes scientists, academicians, and industry and labor representatives who seek to improve the quality of both working and living places by operating as a neutral forum for conferences involving all aspects of occupational and environmental health. SOEH's activities include studying specific categories of hazards, as well as developing methods for assessment of health effects and diseases associated with particular jobs.
Society for Occupational and Environmental Health
6728 Old McLean Village Drive
McLean, VA 22101
(703) 556-9222
Teratogen Exposure Registry and Surveillance
The Teratogen Exposure Registry and Surveillance (TERAS) is a network of geneticists and pathologists studying human embryos and fetuses exposed to teratogens. TERAS maintains information networks for consultation and evaluations.
Teratogen Exposure Registry and Surveillance
Department of Pathology
Brigham and Women's Hospital
75 Francis Street
Boston, MA
(617) 732-6507
World Watch Institute
The WorldWatch Institute is a research organization that aims to encourage a reflective and deliberate approach to global problem-solving. The Institute seeks to anticipate global problems and social trends and to focus attention on emerging global issues, including population growth, family planning, environmental degradation, and renewable energy options.
WorldWatch Institute
1776 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 452-1999
Selected Topical Resources
| AIR POLLUTION American Lung Association (212) 315-8700 EPA Clean Air Act (202) 382-7548 ART SUPPLIES Center for Safety in the Arts (212) 277-6220 | ASBESTOS EPA Asbestos Programs (800) 368-5888 CANCER INFORMATION National Cancer Institute (800) 4-CANCER EPA Carcinogen Assessment Group (202) 382-5898 |
| CHEMICAL EMERGENCIES Chemical Spills Emergency Hotline (800) 535-0202 EPA Hazardous Waste Hotline (800) 535-0202 ATSDR Emergency Hotline (404) 639-6300 CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY Consumer Product Safety Commission (800) 638-2772 HAZARDOUS WASTE EPA Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Hotline (800) 535-0202 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (202) 475-6743 IRIS User Support (513) 569-7254 Superfund Records of Decision (703) 920-9810 State Health Departments LEAD National Center for Environmental Health (CDC) (404) 488-4880 National Lead Information Center (800) LEAD-FYI Child and Maternal Health Clearinghouse (202) 625-8410 | LUNG DISEASE American Lung Association (212) 315-8700 LUNGLINE/National Jewish Hospital (800) 222-5864 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (800) 356-4674 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (202) 219-8151 PESTICIDES EPA National Pesticides Hotline (800) 535-PEST National Pesticide Telecommunications Network (800) 858-7378 POISONING Poison Control Centers PREGNANCY CONCERNS MotherRisk Program (416) 813-7378 RADON EPA Office of Radon Programs (202) 475-9605 National Radon Hotline (800) SOS-RADON State Health Departments SMOKE American Lung Association (212) 315-8700 |
| TOXIC SUBSTANCES American Chemical Society's Chemical Referral Center (202) 887-1315 ATSDR Emergency Response Branch (404) 639-6300 ATSDR Toxicological Profiles (404) 639-6000 | EPA Toxic Substances Control Act(TSCA) Information Line (202) 554-1404 EPA Toxic Chemical Release Inventory System (800) 535-0202 WATER EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800) 426-4791 |
Computerized Information Services
Computerized information services have become a valuable link in providing users with up-to-date information, resources, and opportunities for interaction with others interested in similar topics. The following list is by no means comprehensive, but merely provides points of access to relevant information and communication list-servers.
Internet
Department of Energy's Environment, Safety, and Health Technical Information Service
In 1993, DOE released its new computer-based information service, called the Environment, Safety, and Health Technical Information Service (TIS). TIS is designed to provide the DOE community with technical information that is reliable, current, and easy to use. Eventually, TIS will replace the current Safety Performance Measurement System (SPMS). For more information, please address any questions to the TIS Helpline at (202) 526-8955 or send e-mail to vog.leni.sit@troppus.
Electronic Green Journal
The ELECTRONIC GREEN JOURNAL is a professional refereed publication from the University of Idaho devoted to disseminating information concerning sources of international environmental topics including: assessment, conversation, development, disposal, education, hazards, pollution, resources, technology, and treatment. The journal serves communities as an educational environmental resource, and includes both practical and scholarly articles, bibliographies, reviews, editorial comments, and announcements. The journal is currently available via gopher, worldwide web, or ftp. Subscriptions are being planned for the future. To tap into the journal through gopher, type gopher.uidaho.edu and choose University of Idaho Electronic Publications; to tap in through World-Wide Web (WWW) type http://gopher.uidaho.edu/1/UI_gopher/library/egj/; or to tap in through ftp, type ftp.uidaho.edu.
EnviroLink Network
The Envirolink Network is a non-profit organization that is dedicated to facilitating communication on environmental issues. The network is composed of over 400,000 people in 93 countries. The Network has recently created a new network entitled EnviroFreenet. EnviroFreenet offers e-mail accounts, environmental billboards, chat conferences, the EnviroGopher, the EnviroWeb, and access to almost every other Internet Service available. The network can be accessed using either telnet or gopher. EnviroFreenet can be reached through telnet with the address envirolink.org. Directions then follow. If you have access to gopher, go to the main gopher list and choose international organizations and then choose ''EnviroGopher," followed by "Connect to EnviroFreenet" or gopher to: envirolink.org port 70.
HazDat
The HazDat system is a scientific and administrative database developed by ATSDR to provide rapid access to information on the release of hazardous substances from Superfund sites or from emergency events and on the effects of these substances on the health of human populations. The source documents used for the initial development of HazDat include environmental and health data contained in Agency products and in other non-Agency site characterization documents as appropriate. ATSDR's products include health assessments and supporting documentation for over 1,200 sites, toxicological profiles for over 150 substances, and more than 2,000 health consultations. ATSDR staff enter data into HazDat on a continuing basis. HazDat is available to the public over the Internet through a World-Wide Web (WWW) server. Access can be gained through: http://atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov:8080/atsdrhome.html.
Medical List—A Guide to On Line Medical Resources
The Medical List provides a complete listing of Internet resources connected with health, disease, therapy, and clinical medicine. This resource list is offered in text form as The Medical List and as Medical Matrix—a hypertest database accessible using World Wide Web browsers like Mosaic. The Medical List is the text of Healthmatrix—a Windows Help, icon drive, hypertext presentation of the database. For more information, call (209) 466-6878.
Gopher access to The Medical List is available at the URL:(Uniform Resource Locator)gopher://una.hh.lib.umich.edu:70/11/inetdirs/sciences/medclin:malet. Gopher allows key word searching and e-mail of this document to any Internet address. Access can also be gained through ftp—frp2.cc.ukans.edupub/hmatrix/ and get file medlst94.txt or medlst94.zip.
Medical Matrix is a project of the Internet Working Group of the American Medical Informatics Association. Medical Matrix uses icons and keyword searches to locate on line medical resources. Access can be gained through: http://kuhttp.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/units/medcntr/Lee/HOMEPAHE.HTML.
Nightingale
Nightingale is a gopher server dedicated to providing the nursing community with easy access to information which is unique or pertinent to the nursing profession. Resources and information is available on topics such as research, practice, education, professional nursing communications, publications, and other nursing resources. Access can be gained through: http://nightingale.con.utk.edu./00/homepage.html.
Nursing Institutes on Internet
Arizona Health Sciences Center—College of Nursing (http://www.medlib.arizona.edu)
Brigham Young University—College of Nursing (http://nurse.byu.edu)
Duke University Nursing Services (http://nursing-www.mc.duke.edu/nursing/nshomepg.htm)
East Tennessee State University—College of Nursing (http://www.east-tenn-st.edu/&223C;etsucon)
European Summerschool of Nursing Informatics (http://care4all.nursing.nl.8080/sumsch/sumhome.html)
Ohio State University—College of Nursing (http://www.con.ohio-state.edu/index.htm)
University of California at San Francisco—School of Nursing (http://nurseweb.ucsf.edu/www/ucsfson.htm)
University of Central Florida—School of Nursing (http://pegasus.cc.usf.edu/&223C;wink/nursing.department.html)
University of Delaware—College of Nursing (http://www.udel.edu./brentt/UD_Nursing.html)
University of New Hampshire (http://pubpages.unh.edu/~tpcox/nsg.html)
University of Iowa—College of Nursing (http://coninfor.nursing.uiowa.edu/index.htm)
University of Louisville, Kentucky (http://www.louisville.edu)
University of Maryland—College of Nursing (http://www.nursing.ab.umd.edu)
University of Missouri, Columbia (http://www.missouri.edu/~nurswalk/nmwhome.html)
University of Pennsylvania—School of Nursing (http://dolphin.upenn.edu/~nursing)
University of Tennessee, Knoxville—Nursing Gopher (http://nightingale.con.utk.edu:70/01homepage.html)
University of Washington—School of Nursing (http://www.son.hs.washington.edu)
West Virginia University—School of Nursing (http://www.hsc.wvu.edu/son/index.htm)
Nursing Internet Resources
The Nursing Internet Resources provides a guide and link to nursing resources on-line. Access can be gained through: http://www.csv.warwick.ac.uk:8000/nurse-resources.html or gopher-p1papers/nurse.csv.warwick.ac.uk
Nursing Network Forum
The Nursing Network Forum is operated and managed by Mid-Atlantic Network Associates, Inc. as a resource and discussion forum for nurses around the country. Services on the Nursing Network Forum include (1) a message base for discussion of various aspects of nursing, career opportunities, and nursing school experiences; (2) a conferencing area where users talk "live" with other nurses; (3) a library area filled with resources and on-line continuing education programs provided through the University of Maryland and accredited by ANCCCA (these programs can be completed in the home while earning accredited contact hours toward continuing education units); and (4) a direct nursing gopher and usernet discussion group access. Although the forum is not free, trial periods are provided.
For additional information, please contact the Nursing Network Forum at (800) 695-4002 or through internet at moc.ihpled@esrun or ten.kralc@esrun.
WHO Global Environmental Epidemiology Network, GEENET
The Network was established in 1987 as a means for the World Health Organization to strengthen education, training, and research in institutions involved in epidemiological teaching and research on the health effects of environmental hazards, and other epidemiological applications in environmental and occupational health.
The Network aims at improved communication and collaboration between institutions in this field in developed and developing countries. A series of documents with information of value for training and research development is prepared for the Network and lists of Network members are distributed on a regular basis. Training and research promotion workshops are organized in collaboration with national and international agencies.
For more information, write: WHO GEENET, Environmental Epidemiology, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
List Servers
Air Pollution and Biology
The address is ku.ca.esabliam@esabliam; and you can join by sending the message join air pollution-biology Firstname Lastname and your address.
EHS-L Environmental Health Systems
The address is 2HDYNBLA@vrestsil; and you can join by sending the message subscribe EHS-L Firstname Lastname and your address.
ENVBEH-L Environment and Human Behavior
The address is MVYLOP@vrestsil; and you can join by sending the message subscribe ENVBEH-L Firstname Lastname and your address.
Enviroethics
The address is mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk; and you can join by sending the message join enviroethics Firstname Lastname and your address.
NURSENE
NURSENET provides discussion about pertinent nursing issues facing the profession. To subscribe send your Firstname Lastname to ac.otnorotu.cctu.mv@vrestsil sub nursenet.
NURSERES Nurses Research List
NURSERES allows discussion of research being conducted in the field of nursing. To join send your Firstname Lastname to ude.tnek.mvtnek@vrestsil with a message of SUB NURSERES.
NRSINGED Nursing Educators List
NRSINGED is a discussion group of nursing educators concerning the various issues and aspects of nursing education. To join send your Firstname Lastname with the message SUB NRSINGED to ude.ellivsiuol.mvyklu@vrestsil.
Occup-Env Med List (Occupational and Environmental Medicine Listing on Internet)
Occupational and environmental medicine represents a growing clinical and public health discipline, seeking to evaluate and prevent the diseases and health effects that may be related to exposures at work and from other environments. The Occup-Env Med Mail-list provides a moderated forum for announcements, dissemination of text files and academic discussion. The forum is designed to allow presentation of clinical vignettes, synopses of new regulatory issues and reports of interesting items from publication elsewhere (both the medical and the non-medical journals).
To subscribe, send a message of: subscribe occ-env-med-l "first name last name" to ude.ekud.cm@l-dem-vne-cco.
To post a message send the message to: ude.ekud@l-dem-vne-cco
SNURSE-L
SNURSE-L is a list server for undergraduate nursing students. To join send mail to ude.olaffub.cc.mvbu@vrestsil with the message SUB SNURSE-L Firstname Lastname.
Other Gophers/Internet Relevant to Environmental Health and Nursing
Division of Environmental Health and Safety
The Environmental Magazine
NCLEX Nursing Careers
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
NURSE at Warwick University
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Computer-Based Databases(*)
The National Library of Medicine (NLM) is the world's largest research library in a single scientific or professional field. The library collects materials in all major areas of the health sciences, as well as in such areas as chemistry, physics, botany, and zoology.
The Library's computer-based Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS) and toxicology (TOXLINE) databases provide on-line bibliographic access to the Library's store of biomedical information. For information about access to MEDLARS and TOXLINE services, contact: MEDLARS Management Section, National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, (301) 496-1131, (800) 638-8480 (outside Maryland).
Primary biomedical data bases included on the MEDLARS system are:
MEDLINE indexes articles from over 3200 biomedical journals published in the United States and abroad. MEDLINE is indexed using NLM's controlled vocabulary, MESH (Medical Subject Headings), and contains all citations indexed in INDEX MEDICUS. Produced by the National Library of Medicine.
TOXLINE is designed to offer comprehensive bibliographic coverage of toxicological information. It covers the pharmacological, biochemical, physiological, environmental, and toxicological effects of chemicals and drugs. Produced by Specialized Information Services of the National Library of Medicine.
TOXNET (Toxicology Data Network) is a computerized system of toxicological data banks operated by the National Library of Medicine, and is part of the broader MEDLARS system.
The TOXNET software consists of modules to build, edit, and review the records of constituent data banks.
CCRIS (Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System) is a factual data bank sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. It contains data derived from both short- and long-term bioassays on approximately 1200 chemicals.
ETICBACK (Environmental Teratology Information Center Backfile) is a bibliographic data base covering teratology and development toxicology.
TRI (Toxic Chemical Release Inventory) contains information on the annual estimated releases of toxic chemicals to the environment in the United States. These data include the names and addresses of the facilities and the amounts of certain toxic chemicals they release to the air, water, or land or transfer to waste sites.
HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank) is a comprehensive data base containing records for over 4100 toxic or potentially toxic chemicals. It contains information in such areas as toxicity, environmental fate, human exposure, chemical safety, waste disposal, emergency handling, and regulatory requirements.
IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System) is an on-line data base built by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It contains EPA carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risk and regulatory information on about 400 chemicals. For more information, call (513) 569-7254.
RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances) contains toxic effects data for approximately 100,000 chemicals. It is built and maintained by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Acute and chronic effects are covered in such areas as skin/eye irritation, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive consequences. Contact: (800) 35-NIOSH
DIRLINE (NLM's Directory of Information Resources on-line) is an online database containing information on approximately 15,000 organizations that provide information and services directly to requesters. DIRLINE is available on-line through the MEDLARS system and can also be searched with GRATEFUL MED software. Contact: (301) 496-1131
Various software packages are available for access to MEDLARS, including:
GRATEFUL MED, a microcomputer software interface that assists users in performing on-line searches of NLM's databases. GRATEFUL MED can be bought from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).
CHEMLEARN (NTIS), an interactive, microcomputer-based training package for CHEMLINE. Produced by Specialized Information Services of the National Library of Medicine, it runs on IBM-PC / XT / AT / PS / 2 compatibles. CHEMLEARN is available from NTIS, product number PB88-218144. For more information on the contents of the software, call (301) 496-1131.
TOXLEARN is an interactive, microcomputer-based training package for TOXLINE. Its menu-driven structure allows users to make choices in learning about basic aspects of TOXLINE. It contains approximately four hours of interactive instruction and is produced by the Specialized Information Services of the National Library of Medicine. TOXLEARN runs on IBM-PC compatibles and is available from NTIS, product number PB88-155766. For more information on the contents of the software, call (301) 496-1131.
General References
- Aldrich, T., and Griffith, J. 1993. Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Assessment. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
- Anderson, E.T., and McFarlane, J.M. 1995. Community as Partner: Theory and Practice of Nursing. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
- Bullough, B., and Bullough, V. 1990. Nursing in the Community . St. Louis: C.V. Mosby.
- Burgess, W.A. 1981. Recognition of Health Hazards in Industry: A Review of Materials and Processes. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
- California Public Health Foundation. 1992. Kids and the Environment: Toxic Hazards. Berkeley: California Public Health Foundation.
- Chivian, E., editor; , McCally, M., editor; , Hu, H., editor; , and Haines, A., editor. , eds. 1993. Critical Condition: Human Health and the Environment. Cambridge: MIT Press.
- Clemen-Stone, S., Eigsti, D.G., and McGuire, S.L. 1995. Comprehensive Family and Community Health Nursing. 4th ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby.
- Davis, A.J., and Aroskar, M.A. 1991. Ethical Dilemnas in Nursing Practice. 3rd ed., editor. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange.
- Gary, F., and Kavanagh, C.T. 1991. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing . Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
- Girdando, D.A. 1986. Occupational Health Promotion: A Practical Guide to Program Development. New York: MacMillian Publishing Co.
- Gorall, A.H., May, L.A., and Mulley, A.G. 1995. Primary Care Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
- Green, L.W. 1990. Community Health. 6th ed. St. Louis: Times Mirror/Mosby.
- Guidotti, T.L. 1989. Occupational Health Services: A Practical Approach. Chicago: American Medical Association.
- Hansen, D.F., editor; , ed. 1991. The Work Environment. Chelsea, MI: Lews Publishers, Inc.
- Hersey, P., and Blanchard, K. 1993. Management of Organizational Behavioral: Utilizing Human Resources. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Institute of Medicine (IOM). 1993. Indoor Allergens: Assessing and Controlling Adverse Health Effects. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. [PubMed: 25144066]
- IOM. 1995. Environmental Medicine: Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. [PubMed: 25121193]
- International Labour Office (ILO). 1983. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 3rd ed., 2 volumes. Geneva: ILO.
- Kornberg, J.P. 1992. The Workplace Walkthrough(Vol. 1). Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.
- LaDou, J. 1990. Occupational Medicine. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange.
- Last, J.M., editor; , and Wallace, R.B., editor. , eds. 1992. Public Health and Human Ecology. Norwalk: Appleton and Lange.
- Levy, B., and Wegman, D. 1995. Occupational Health: Recognizing and Preventing Work-related Disease. 3rd ed. Boston: Little, Brown.
- Lindberg, J.B., Hunter, M.L., and Kruszewski, A.Z. 1994. Introduction to Nursing: Concepts, Issues and Opportunities. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
- Lybarger, J.A., Spengler, R.F., and DeRosa, C.T. 1993. Priority Health Conditions. Washington, DC: ATSDR.
- Marquis, B.L., and Huston, C.J. 1992. Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
- Mason, D.J., Talbott, S.W., and Leavitt, J.K. 1993. Policy and Politics for Nurses: Action and Change in the Workplace, Government, Organizations, and Community. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
- McCunney, R.J., editor. , ed. 1994. A Practical Approach to Occupational and Environmental Medicine . Boston: Little, Brown.
- McLaughlin, F.E., and Marasuilo, L.A. 1990. Advanced Nursing and Health Care Research . Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
- Murdock, B.S. 1991. Environmental Issues in Primary Care . Minneapolis: Freshwater Foundation's Health and the Environment Digest.
- Murray, R.B., and Zentner, J.P. 1989. Nursing Assessment and Health Promotion: Strategies Through the Life Span . 4th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.
- National Library of Medicine. 1989. Improving Health Professionals' Access to Information: Challenges and Opportunities for the National Library of Medicine . Washington, DC: National Library of Medicine.
- National Research Council (NRC). 1989. Improving Risk Communication . Washington, DC: National Academy Press. [PubMed: 25032320]
- NRC. 1991. Environmental Epidemiology . Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
- Paul, M., editor. , ed. 1993. Occupational and Environmental Reproductive Hazards: A Guide for Clinicians . Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.
- Polit, D.F., and Hungler, B.P. 1995. Nursing Research: Principles and Methods . 5th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
- Rogers, B. 1994. Occupational Health Nursing: Concepts and Practice . Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
- Rogers, B., Mastroianni, K., and Randolph, S.A. 1992. Occupational Health Nursing Guidelines: Primary Clinical Conditions . Boston: OEM Press.
- Rom, W, ed. 1992. Environmental and Occupational Medicine , Second Edition. Boston: Little, Brown.
- Rosenstock, L., and Cullen, M. 1986. Clinical Occupational Medicine . Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
- Rosenstock, L., and Cullen, M. 1994. Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine . Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
- Sandman, P., Chess, C., and Hance, B.J. 1991. Improving Dialogue with Communities: A Risk Communication Manual for Government . New Brunswick: Rutgers University and New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy.
- Saucier, K.A. 1991. Perspectives on Family and Community Health . St. Louis: C.V. Mosby.
- Silbergeld, E.K. 1993. Investing in Prevention: Opportunities to Reduce Disease and Health Care Costs Through Identifying and Reducing Environmental Contributions to Preventable Disease . Washington, DC: Environmental Defense Fund.
- Smith, C.M., and Maure, F.A. 1995. Community Health Nursing: Theory and Practice . Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
- Stanhope, M., and Lancaster, J. 1992. Community Health Nursing: Process and Practice for Promoting Health . 3rd ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby.
- Stritter, F.T. 1992. Faculty Evaluation and Development. Handbook of Health Professionals Education 13:294-318.
- Sullivan, J.B., and Krieger, G.R. 1992. Hazardous Materials Toxicology: Clinical Principles in Environmental Health . Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
- Tarcher, AB, ed. 1992. Principles and Practice of Environmental Medicine . New York: Plenum Medical Book Co.
- Upton, A.C., and Graber, E. 1993. Staying Healthy in a Risky Environment: The New York University Medical Center Family Guide . New York: Simon and Schuster.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. a. Proposed Guidelines for Assessing Female Reproductive Risk . Federal Register 53:24834-24847.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. b. Proposed Guidelines for Assessing Male Reproductive Risk . Federal 53:24850-24869.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1992. Guidelines for Exposure Assessment . Federal Register 57:22888-22938.
- Waltz, C., Strickland, O.L., and Lenz, E. 1991. Measurement in Nursing Research . 2nd ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
- Weeks, J. 1991. Preventing Occupational Disease and Injury . Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
- Wilkinson, J.M. 1992. Nursing Process in Action . Redwood City, CA: Addison Wesley.
- Williams, P.L., and Burson, J.L. 1985. Industrial Toxicology: Safety and Health Applications in the Workplace . New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
- Wold, S.J. 1990. Community Health Nursing: Issues and Topics . Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange.
- World Health Organization: Our Planet, Our Health. 1992. Report of the WHO Commission on Health and Environment . Geneva: World Health Organization.
Tables of Environmental Agents and Health Effects, Work-Related Diseases and Conditions, and Selected Job Categories and Associated Diseases and Conditions
TABLE D-1Environmental Agents, Their Sources and Potential Exposures, and Adverse Health Effects: Metals and Metallic Compounds, Hydrocarbons, Irritant Gases, Chemical Asphyxiates, and Pesticides
| Agent | Exposure | Route of Entry | Systems(s) Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metals and Metallic Compounds | |||
| Arsenic | Alloyed with lead and copper for hardness; manufacturing of pigments, glass, pharmaceuticals; byproduct in copper smelting; insecticides; fungicides; rodenticides; tanning | Inhalation and ingestion of dust and fumes | Neuromuscular Gastrointestinal Skin Pulmonary |
| Arsine | Accidental byproduct of reaction of arsenic with acid; used in semi-conductor industry | Inhalation of gas | Hematopoietic |
| Beryllium | Hardening agent in metal alloys; special use in nuclear energy production; metal refining or recovery | Inhalation of fumes or dust | Pulmonary (and other systems) |
| Cadmium | Electroplating; solder for aluminum; metal alloys, process engraving; nickel-cadmium batteries | Inhalation or ingestion of fumes or dust | Pulmonary Renal |
| Chromium | In stainless and heat-resistant steel and alloy steel; metal plating; chemical and pigment manufacturing; photography | Percutaneous absorption, inhalation, ingestion | Pulmonary Skin |
| Primary Manifestations | Aids in Diagnosisa | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Peripheral neuropathy, sensory-motor Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, constipation Dermatitis, finger and toenail striations, skin cancer, nasal septum perforation Lung cancer | Arsenic in urine | |
| Intravascular hemolysis: hemoglobinuria, jaundice, oliguria or anuria | Arsenic in urine | |
| Granulomatosis and fibrosis | Beryllium in urine (acute); Beryllium m tissue (chronic); chest x ray; immunologic tests (such as lymphocyte transformation) may also be useful | Pulmonary changes virtually indistinguishable from sarcoid on chest x ray |
| Pulmonary edema (acute); Emphysema (chronic) | Also a respiratory tract carcinogen | |
| Nephrosis | Urinary protein | |
| Lung cancer Dermatitis, skin ulcers, nasal septum perforation | Urinary chromate (questionable value) |
| Agent | Exposure | Route of Entry | Systems(s) Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Storage batteries; manufacturing of paint, enamel, ink, glass, rubber ceramics, chemical industry | Ingestion of dust, inhalation of dust or fumes | Hematologic Renal Gastrointestinal Neuromuscular CNS Reproductive | |
| Mercury (Elemental) | Electronic equipment; paint; metal and textile production; catalyst in chemical manufacturing; pharmaceutical production | Inhalation of vapor; slight percutaneous absorption | Pulmonary CNS |
| (Inorganic) | Some inhalation and GI and percutaneous absorption | Pulmonary Renal CNS | |
| (Organic) | Agricultural and industrial poisons | Efficient Gl absorption, percutaneous absorption, and inhalation | Skin CNS |
| Primary Manifestations | Aids in Diagnosisa | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Anemia Nephropathy Abdominal pain (''colic") Palsy ("wrist drop") Encephalopathy, behavioral abnormalities Spontaneous abortions | Blood lead Urinary ALA Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP); free erythrocyte protophyrin (FEP) | Lead toxicity, unlike that of mercury, is believed to be reversible, with the exception of late renal and some CNS effects. |
| Acute pneumonitis; Neuropsychiatric changes (erethism); tremor Acute pneumonitis Proteinuria Variable Dermatitis Sensorimotor changes, visual field constriction, tremor | Urinary mercury Urinary mercury Blood and urine mecury, but ? sensitivity | Mercury illustrates several principles. The chemical form has a profound effect on its toxicology, as is the case for many metals. Effects of mercury are highly variable. Though inorganic mercury poisoning is primarily renal, elemental and organic poisoning are primarily neurological. The responses are difficult to quantify, so dose-response data are generally unavailable. Classic tetrad of gingivitis, sialorrhea, irritability, and tremor is associated with both elemental and inorganic mercury poisoning; the four signs are not generally seen together. Many effects of mercury toxicity, especially those in CNS, are irreversible. |
| Agent | Exposure | Route of Entry | Systems(s) Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickel | Corrosion-resistant alloys; electroplating; catalyst production; nickel-cadmium batteries | Inhalation of dust or fumes skin | Skin Pulmonary |
| Zinc oxideb | Welding byproduct; rubber manufacturing | Inhalation of dust or fumes that are freshly generated | |
| Hydrocarbons | |||
| Benzene | Manufacturing of organic chemicals, detergents, pesticides, solvents, paint removers; used as a solvent | Inhalation of vapor; slight percutaneous absorption | CNS Hematopoietic Skin |
| Toluene | Organic chemical manufacturing; solvent; fuel component | Inhalation of vapor, percutaneous absorption of liquid | CNS Skin |
| Xylene | A wide variety of uses as a solvent; an ingredient of paints, lacquers, varnishes, inks, dyes, adhesives, cements; an intermediate in chemical manufacturing | Inhalation of vapor; slight percutaneous absorption of liquid | Pulmonary Eyes, nose, throat CNS |
| Ketones (Acetone) (Methylethyl ketone—MEK) (Methyl n-propyl ketone—MPK) (Methyl n-butyl ketone—MBK) (Methyl iso-butyl ketone—MIBK) | A wide variety of uses as solvents and intermediates in chemical manufacturing | Inhalation of vapor, percutaneous absorption of liquid | CNS PNS Skin |
| Primary Manifestations | Aids in Diagnosisa | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Sensitization dermatitis ("nickel itch") Lung and paranasal sinus cancer | ||
| "Metal fume fever" (fever, chills, and other symptoms) | Urinary zinc (useful as an indicator of with exposure, not for acute diagnosis) | A self-limiting syndrome of 24–48 h apparently no sequelae. |
| Acute CNS depression Leukemia, aplastic anemia Dermatitis | Urinary phenol | Note that benzene, as with toluene and other solvents, can be monitored via its principal metabolite. |
| Acute CNS depression Chronic CNS problems such as memory loss | Urinary hippuric acid | |
| Irritation dermatitis | ||
| Irritation, pneumonitis, acute pulmonary edema (at high doses) Irritation Acute CNS depression | Methylhippuric acid in urine, xylene in expired air, xylene in blood | |
| Acute CNS depression MBK has been linked with peripheral neuropathy Dermatitis | Acetone in blood, urine, expired air (used as an index for exposure, not for diagnosis) | The ketone family demonstrates how a pattern of toxic responses (that is, CNS narcosis) may feature exceptions (i.e., MBK peripheral neuropathy). |
| Agent | Exposure | Route of Entry | Systems(s) Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Formaldehyde | Widely used as a germicide and a disinfectant in embalming and histopathology, for example, and in the manufacture of textiles, resins, and other products | Inhalation | Skin Eye Pulmonary |
| Trichloroethylene (TCE) | Solvent in metal degreasing, dry cleaning, food extraction; ingredient of paints, adhesives, varnishes, inks | Inhalation, percutaneous absorption | Nervous Skin Cardiovascular |
| Carbon tetrachloride | Solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, resins, varnishes, other materials; used as a degreasing and cleaning agent | Inhalation of vapor | Hepatic Renal CNS Skin |
| Carbon disulfide | Solvent for lipids, sulfur, halogens, rubber, phosphorus, oils, waxes, and resins; manufacturing of organic chemicals, paints, fuels, explosives, viscose rayon | Inhalation of vapor, percutaneous absorption of liquid or vapor | Nervous Renal Cardiovascular Skin Reproductive |
| Primary Manifestations | Aids in Diagnosisa | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Irritant and contact dermatitis Eye irritation Respiratory tract irritation, asthma | Patch testing may be helpful for dermatitis | Recent animal tests have shown it to be a respiratory carcinogen. Confirmatory epidemiologic studies are in progress. |
| Acute CNS depression Peripheral and cranial neuropathy Irritation, dermatitis Arrhythmias | Breath analysis for TCE | TCE is involved in an important pharmacological interaction. Within hours of ingesting alcoholic beverages, TCE workers experience flushing of the face, neck, shoulders, and back. Alcohol may also potentiate the CNS effects of TCE. The probable mechanism is competition for metabolic enzymes. |
| Toxic hepatitis Oliguria or anuria Acute CNS depression Dermatitis | Expired air and blood levels | Carbon tetrachloride is the prototype for a wide variety of solvents that cause hepatic and renal damage. This solvent, like trichloroethylene, acts synergistically with ethanol. |
| Parkinsonism, psychosis, suicide Peripheral neuropathies Chronic nephritic and nephrotic syndromes Acceleration or worsening of atherosclerosis; hypertension Irritation; dermatitis Menorrhagia and metrorrhagia | Iodine-azide reaction with urine (nonspecific since other bivalent sulfur compounds give a positive test); CS2 in expired air, blood, and urine | A solvent with unusual multisystem effects, especially noted for its cardiovascular, renal, and nervous system actions. |
| Agent | Exposure | Route of Entry | Systems(s) Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stoddard solvent | Degreasing, paint thinning | Inhalation of vapor, percutaneous absorption of liquid | Skin CNS |
| Ethylene glycol ethers (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate—Cellosolve acetate) | The ethers are used as solvents for resins, paints, lacquers, varnishes, gum, perfume, dyes, and inks; the acetate derivatives are widely used as solvents and ingredients of lacquers, enamels, and adhesives. Exposure occurs in dry cleaning, plastic, ink, and lacquer manufacturing, and textile dying, among other processes. | Inhalation of vapor, percutaneous absorption of liquid | Reproductive, CNS, renal, liver |
| (Methyl- and butyl-substituted compounds such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether—Methyl Cellosolve® | Hematopoietic CNS | ||
| Ethylene oxide | Used in the sterilization of medical equipment, in the fumigation of spices and other foodstuffs, and as a chemical intermediate | Inhalation | Skin Eye Respiratory tract Nervous system |
| Dioxane | Used as solvent sterilization of medical equipment, in the fumigation of spices and other foodstuffs, and as a chemical intermediate | Inhalation of vapor, percutaneous absorption of liquid | CNS Renal Liver |
| Primary Manifestations | Aids in Diagnosisa | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Dryness and scaling from defatting; dermatitis Dizziness, coma, collapse (at high levels) | A mixture of primarily aliphatic hydrocarbons, with some benzene derivatives and naphthenes. | |
| Pancytopenia Fatigue, lethargy, nausea, headaches, anorexia, tremor, stupor (from encephalopathy) | Ethylene glycol ethers, as a class of chemicals, have been shown in animals to have adverse reproductive effects, including reduced sperm count and spontaneous abortion, as well as CNS, renal, and liver effects. Effects primary associated with ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (Methyl Cellosolve ®) | |
| Dermatitis and frostbite Severe irritation; possibly cataracts with prolonged exposure Irritation Peripheral neuropathy | Recent animal tests have shown it to be carcinogenic and to cause reproductive abnormalities. Epidemiologic studies indicate that it may cause leukemia in exposed workers. | |
| Drowsiness, dizziness, anorexia, headaches, nausea, vomiting, coma Nephritis Chemical hepatitis | Dioxane has caused a variety of neoplasms in animals. |
| Agent | Exposure | Route of Entry | Systems(s) Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) | Formerly used as a di-electric fluid in electrical equipment and as a fire retardant coating on tiles and other products. New uses were banned in 1976, but much of the electrical equipment currently used still contains PCBs | Inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption | Skin Eye Liver |
| Irritant Gases c | |||
| Ammonia | Refrigeration; petroleum refining; manufacturing of nitrogen-containing chemicals, synthetic fibers, dyes, and optics | Inhalation of gas | Upper respiratory tract |
| Hydrochloric acid | Chemical manufacturing; electroplating; tanning; metal pickling; petroleum extraction; rubber, photographic, and textile industries | Inhalation of gas or mist | Upper respiratory tract |
| Hydrofluoric acid | Chemical and plastic manufacturing; catalyst m petroleum refining; aqueous solution for frosting, etching, and polishing glass | Inhalation of gas or mist | Upper respiratory tract |
| Sulfur dioxide | Manufacturing of sulfur-containing chemicals; food and textile bleach; tanning; metal casting | Inhalation of gas, direct contact of gas or liquid phase on skin or mucosa | Middle respiratory tract |
| Chlorine | Paper and textile bleaching; water disinfection; chemical manufacturing; metal fluxing; detinning and dezincing iron | Inhalation of gas | Middle respiratory tract |
| Primary Manifestations | Aids in Diagnosisa | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Chloracne Irritation Toxic hepatitis | Serum PCBs levels for chronic exposure | Animal studies have demonstrated that PCBs are carcinogenic. Epidemiologic studies of exposed workers are inconclusive. |
| Upper respiratory irritation | Also irritant of eyes and moist skin. | |
| Upper respiratory irritation | Strong irritant of eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. | |
| Upper respiratory irritation | In solution, causes severe and painful burns of skin and can be fatal. | |
| Bronchospasm (pulmonary edema or chemical pneumonitis in high dose) | Chest x ray, pulmonary function testsd | Strong irritant of eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. |
| Tracheobronchitis, pulmonary edema, pneumonitis | Chest x ray, pulmonary function tests | Chlorine combines with body moisture to form acids, which irritate tissues from nose to alveoli. |
| Agent | Exposure | Route of Entry | Systems(s) Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ozone | Inert gas-shielded arc welding; food, water, and air purification; food and textile bleaching; emitted around high-voltage electrical equipment | Inhalation of gas | Lower respiratory tract |
| Nitrogen oxides | Manufacturing of acids, nitrogen-containing chemicals, explosives, and more; byproduct of many industrial processes | Inhalation of gas | Lower respiratory tract |
| Phosgene | Manufacturing and burning of isocyanates, and manufacturing of dyes and other organic chemicals; in metallurgy for ore separation; burning or heat source near trichloroethylene | Inhalation of gas | Lower respiratory tract |
| Isocyanates TDI (toluene diisocyanate) | Polyuredhane manufacture; resin-binding systems in foundries; coating materials for wires; used certain types of paint | Inhalation of vapor | Predominantly lower respiratory tract |
| MDI (methylene diphenyldiisocyanate) | |||
| Hexamethylene diisocyanate and others | |||
| Asphyxiant gases Simple asphyxiants: nitrogen hydrogen, methane, and others | Enclosed spaces in a variety of industrial settings | Inhalation of gas | CNS |
| Primary Manifestations | Aids in Diagnosisa | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Delayed pulmonary edema (generally 6–8 h following exposure) | Chest x ray, pulmonary function tests | Ozone has a free radical structure and can produce experimental chromosome aberrations; it may thus have carcinogenic potential. |
| Pulmonary irritation, bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans (''silo filler's disease"), mixed obstructive-restrictive changes | Chest x ray, pulmonary function tests | |
| Delayed pulmonary edema (delay seldom longer than 12 h) | Chest x ray, pulmonary function tests | |
| Asthmatic reaction and accelerated loss of pulmonary function | Chest x ray, pulmonary function tests | Isocyanates are both respiratory tract "sensitizers" and irritants in the conventional sense. |
| Anoxia | O2 in environment | No specific toxic effect; acts by displacing O2. |
| Agent | Exposure | Route of Entry | Systems(s) Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical Asphyxiants | |||
| Carbon monoxide | Incomplete combustion in foundries, coke ovens, refineries, furnaces, and more | Inhalation of gas | Blood (hemoglobin) |
| Hydrogen sulfide | Used in manufacturing of sulfur-containing chemicals; produced in petroleum production; byproduct of petroleum product use; decay of organic matter | Inhalation of gas | CNS Pulmonay |
| Cyanides | Metallurgy, electroplating | Inhalation of vapor, percutaneous absorption, ingestion | Cellular metabolic enzymes (especially cytochrome oxidase) |
| Pesticides | |||
| Organo-phophates: malathion, parathion, and others | Inhalation, ingestions, percutaneous absorption | Neuromuscular | |
| Carbamates: carbaryl (Sevin) and others | Inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption | Neuromuscular | |
| Primary Manifestations | Aids in Diagnosisa | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Headache; dizziness, double vision | Carboxy-hemoglobin | |
| Respiratory center paralysis, hypoventilation | PaO2 | |
| Respiratory tract irritation | ||
| Enzyme inhibition with metabolic asphyxia and death | SCN¯ in urine | |
| Cholinesterase inhibition, cholinergic symptoms: nausea and vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, headache , seating, meiosis, muscle fasciculations, seizures, unconsciousness, death | Refractoriness to atropine; plasma or red cell cholinesterase | As with many acute toxins, rapid treatment of organophosphate toxicity is imperative. Thus, diagnosis is often made based on history and a high index of suspicion rather than on biochemical tests. Tre atment is atropine to block cholinergic effects and 2-PAM (2-pyridine-alsoxine methiodide) to reactivate cholinesterase. |
| Same as organophosphates | Plasma cholinesterase; urinary 1-naphthol (index of exposure) | Treatment of carbamate poisoning is the same as that of organophosphate poisoning except that 2-PAM is contraindicated. |
| Agent | Exposure | Route of Entry | Systems(s) Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorinated hydrocarbons: chlordane, DDT, heptachlor, chlor-decone (Kepone), aldrin, dieldrin, uridine | Ingestion, inhalation, percutaneous absorption | CNS | |
| Bipyridyls: paraquat, diquat | Inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption | Pulmonary |
- a
Occupational and medical histories are in most instances, the most important aids in diagnosis.
- b
Zinc oxide is a prototype of agents that cause metal fume fever.
- c
The less water-soluble the gas, the deeper and more delayed its irritant effect.
| Primary Manifestations | Aids in Diagnosisa | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Stimulation or depression | Urinary organic chlorine, or p-chloro-phenol acetic acid | The chlorinated hydro-carbons may accumulate in body lipid stores in large amounts. |
| Rapid massive fibrosis, only following paraquat ingestion | An interesting toxin in that the major toxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, apparently occurs only after in gestion. |
- d
Pulmonary function tests are useful aids in diagnosis of irritant effects if the patient is subacutely or chronically ill.
SOURCE: Reprinted, with permission, from Principles and Practice of Environmental Health, A.B. Tarcher, ed. Copyright 1992 by Plenum Publishing Co.
TABLE D-2Selected Work-Related Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions Associated with Various Agents, Industries, or Occupations: Infections, Malignant Neoplasms, and Hematological, Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, Neurological, and Miscellaneous Disorders
| Diseases, Disorders, and Conditions | Industry or Occupation | Agent |
|---|---|---|
| Infections | ||
| Anthrax | Shepherds, farmers, butchers, handlers of imported hides or fibers, veterinarians, veterinarian pathologists, weavers | Bacillus anthraces |
| Brucellosis | Farmers, shepherds, vets, lab and slaughterhouse workers | Brucella abortus, suis |
| Plague | Shepherds, farmers, ranchers, hunters, field geologists | Yersinia pestis |
| Hepatitis A | Day-care center, orphanage, and mental retardation institution staff, medical personnel | Hepatitis A virus |
| Hepatitis B | Nurses and aides, anesthesiologists, orphanage and mental institution staffs, medical lab workers, general dentists, oral surgeons, physicians | Hepatitis B virus |
| Hepatitis C (formerly included in non-A, non-B) | Same as hepatitis A and B | Hepatitis C virus |
| Ornithosis | Psittacine bird breeders, pet shop and zoo workers, poultry producers, vets | Chlamydia psittaci |
| Rabies | Veterinarians, game wardens, lab workers, farmers, ranchers, trappers | Rabies virus |
| Rubella | Medical personnel | Rubella virus |
| Tetanus | Farmers, ranchers | Clostridium tetani |
| Tuberculosis Pulmonary | Physicians, medical personnel, medical lab workers | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Tuberculosis Silicotuberculosis | Quarrymen, sandblasters, silica processors, miners, foundry workers, ceramic industry | Silicon dioxide (silica), M. tuberculosis |
| Tularemia | Hunters, fur handlers, sheep industry, cooks, veterinarians, ranchers, veterinarian pathologists | Francisella tularensis |
| Malignant Neoplasms | ||
| Bladder | Rubber and dye workers | Benzidine, 1- and 2-naphthylamine, auramine, magenta, 4-aminobiphenyl, 4-nitrophenyl |
| Bone | Dial painters, radium chemists and processors | Radium |
| Kidney and other urinary organs | Coke oven workers | Coke oven emissions |
| Liver | Vinyl chloride polymerization industry | Vinyl chloride monomer |
| Liver hemangiosarcoma | Vintners | Arsenical pesticides |
| Lung, bronchial, tracheal | Asbestos industry, users Topside coke oven workers Uranium and fluorspar miners Chromium producers, processors, users Smelters Mustard gas formulators Ion-exchange resin makers, chemists | Asbestos Coke oven emissions Radon daughters Chromates Arsenic Mustard gas Bis(chloromethyl)-ether, chloromethyl methyl ether |
| Nasal cavity | Woodworkers, furniture makers Boot and shoe industry Radium chemists and processors, dial painters Chromium producers, processors, users Nickel smelting and refining | Hardwood dusts Unknown Radium Chromates Nickel Asbestos |
| Peritoneal, pleural mesothelioma | Asbestos industry, users | Asbestos |
| Scrotal | Automatic lathe operators, metalworkers Coke oven workers, petroleum refiners, tar distillers | Mineral, cutting oils Soots and tars, tar distillates |
| Hematological Disorders | ||
| Agranulocytosis or neutropenia | Workers exposed to benzene Explosives, pesticide industries Pesticide, pigment, pharmaceutical industries | Benzene Phosphorus Inorganic arsenic |
| Anemia Aplastic | Explosives manufacturing Worker exposed to benzene Radiologists, radium chemists, dial painters | TNT Benzene Ionizing radiation |
| Anemia Hemolytic, nonautoimmune | Whitewashing and leather industry Electrolytic processes, arsenical ore smelting Plastics industry Plastics industry Dye, celluloid, resin industries | Copper sulfate Arsine Trimellitic anhydride Naphthalene |
| Leukemia Acute lymphoid | Rubber industry Radiologists | Unknown Ionizing radiation |
| Leukemia Acute myeloid | Workers exposed to benzene Radiologists | Benzene |
| Leukemia Erythroleukemia | Workers exposed to benzene | Benzene |
| Methemoglobinemia | Explosives, dye industries | Aromatic amino and nitro compounds (e.g., aniline, TNT, nitroglycerin) |
| Cardiovascular Disorders | ||
| Angina | Auto mechanics, foundry workers, wood finishers, traffic control, driving in heavy traffic | Carbon monoxide |
| Arrhythmias | Metal cleaning, solvent use, refrigerator maintenance | Solvents, fluorocarbons |
| Raynaud's phenomenon (secondary) | Lumberjacks, chain sawyers, grinders, chippers Vinyl chloride polymerization | Whole-body or segmental vibration Vinyl chloride monomer |
| Pulmonary Disorders | ||
| Alveolitis (extrinsic, allergic) | Farmer's lung bagassosis, bird-breeder's lung, suberosis, maltworker's lung, mushroom worker's lung, maple bark disease, cheese-washer's lung, coffee-worker's lung, fish-meal-worker's lung, furrier's lung, sequoiosis, woodworker's lung, miller's lung | Various agents |
| Asbestosis | Asbestos workers, users | Asbestos |
| Asthma (extrinsic) | Jewelry, alloy, catalyst makers Polyurethane, adhesive, paint workers Alloy, catalyst, refinery workers Solderers Plastic, dye, insecticide makers Foam workers, latex makers, biologists Printing industry Nickel platers Bakers Plastics industry Woodworkers, furniture makers Detergent formulators Animal handlers | Platinum Isocyanates Chromium, cobalt Aluminum soldering flux Phthalic anhydride Formaldehyde Gum arabic Nickel sulfate Flour Trimellitic anhydride Red cedar, wood dusts Bacillus-derived exoenzymes Animal dander |
| Beryllium disease (chronic) | Beryllium alloy, ceramic, cathode-ray tube, nuclear reactor workers | Beryllium |
| Bronchitis, pneumonitis, pulmonary edema (acute) | Refrigeration, fertilizer, oil-refining industries Alkali, beach industries Silo fillers, arc welders, nitric acid workers Paper, refrigeration, oil-refining industries Cadmium smelters, processors Plastics industry | Ammonia Chlorine Nitrogen oxides Sulfur dioxide Cadmium Trimellitic anhydride |
| Byssinosis | Cotton industry | Cotton, flax, hemp, cotton-synthetic dusts |
| Pneumoconiosis | Coal miners, bauxite workers | Coal dust, bauxite fumes |
| Silicosis | Mining, metal, and ceramic industries, quarrymen, sand blasters, silica processors | Silica |
| Talcosis | Talc processors | Talc |
| Neurological Disorders | ||
| Cerebellar ataxia | Chemical industry Electrolytic chlorine production, battery manufacturing, fungicide formulators | Toluene Organic mercury |
| Encephalitis (toxic) | Battery, smelter, foundry workers Electrolytic chlorine production, battery manufacturing, fungicide formulators | Lead Organic, inorganic mercury |
| Neuropathy (toxic and inflammatory) | Pesticide, pigment, pharmaceutical industries Furniture refinishers, degreasers Plastic-coated fabric workers Explosives industry Rayon manufacturing Plastics, hyrdraulics, coke industries | Arsenic, arsenic compounds Hexane Methyl butyl ketone TNT Carbon disulfide Tri-o-cresyl phosphate |
| Neuropathy (toxic and inflammatory) | Battery, smelter, foundry workers Dentists, chloralkali workers Chloralkali, fungicide, battery workers Plastics, paper manufacture | Inorganic lead Inorganic mercury Organic mercury Acrylamide |
| Parkinson's disease (secondary) | Manganese processors, battery manufacturing, welders Internal combustion engine industries | Manganese Carbon monoxide |
| Miscellaneous | ||
| Abdominal pain | Battery manufacturing, enamelers, smelter, painters, ceramics workers, plumbers, welders | Lead |
| Cataract | Microwave, radar technicians Explosive industry Radiologists Blacksmiths, glass blowers, bakers Moth repellant formulators, fumigators Explosives, dye, herbicide, pesticide industries | Microwaves TNT Ionizing radiation Infrared radiation Naphthalene Dinitrophenol, dinitro-o-cresol |
| Dermatitis (contact, allergic) | Adhesives, sealants, and plastics industries, leather tanning, poultry dressing, fish packing, boat building and repair, electroplating, metal cleaning, machining, housekeeping | Irritants (cutting oils, solvents, phenol, acids, alkalies, detergents, fibrous glass), allergens (nickel, epoxy resins, chromates, formaldehyde, dyes, rubber products) |
| Headache | Firefighters, foundry workers, wood finishers, dry cleaners, traffic control, driving in heavy traffic | Carbon monoxide, solvents |
| Hepatitis (toxic) | Solvent users, dry cleaners, plastics industry | Carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, tetrachloroethane trichloroethylene |
| Hepatitis (toxic) | Explosives and dye industries Fire and waterproofing additive formulators Plastics formulators Fumigators, gasoline and fire-extinguisher formulators Disinfectant, fumigant, synthetic resin formulators | Phosphorus, TNT Chloronaphthalene 4,4-Methylene-dianiline Ethylene dibromide Cresol |
| Inner ear damage | Various | Excessive noise |
| Infertility (male) | Formulators Producers, formulators, applicators | Kepone 1, 2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane |
| Psychosis (acute) | Gasoline, seed, and fungicide workers, wood preservation, rayon manufacturing | Lead (especially organic), mercury, carbon disulfide |
| Renal failure (acute, chronic) | Battery manufacturing, plumbers, solderers Electrolytic processes, arsenical ore smelting Battery manufacturing, jewelers, dentists Fluorocarbon, fire-extinguisher formulators Antifreeze manufacturing | Inorganic lead Arsine Inorganic mercury Carbon tetrachloride Ethylene glycol |
SOURCE: Reprinted, with permission, from Principles and Practice of Environmental Medicine, Tarcher, AB, ed. Copyright 1992 by Plenum Publishing Co.
TABLE D-3Selected Job Categories, Exposures, and Associated Work-Related Diseases and Conditions
| Job Categories | Exposures | Work-Related Diseases and Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural workers | Pesticides, infectious agents, gases, sunlight | Pesticide poisoning, ''farmer's lung," skin cancer |
| Anesthetists | Anesthetic gases | Reproductive effects, cancer |
| Animal handlers | Infectious agents, allergens | Asthma |
| Automobile workers | Asbestos, plastics, lead, solvents | Asbestosis, dermatitis |
| Bakers | Flour | Asthma |
| Battery makers | Lead, arsenic | Lead poisoning, cancer |
| Butchers | Vinyl plastic fumes | "Meat wrappers' asthma" |
| Caisson workers | Pressurized work environments | "Caisson disease," "the bends" |
| Carpenters | Wood dust, wood preservatives, adhesives | Nasopharyngeal cancer, dermatitis |
| Cement workers | Cement dust, metals | Dermatitis, bronchitis |
| Ceramic workers | Talc, clays | Pneumoconiosis |
| Demolition workers | Asbestos, wood dust | Asbestosis |
| Drug manufacturers | Hormones, nitroglycerin, etc. | Reproductive effects |
| Dry cleaners | Solvents | Liver disease, dermatitis |
| Dye workers | Dyestuffs, metals, solvents | Bladder cancer, dermatitis |
| Embalmers | Formaldehyde, infectious agents | Dermatitis |
| Felt makers | Mercury, polycyclic hydrocarbons | Mercuralism |
| Foundry workers | Silica, molten metals | Silicosis |
| Glass workers | Heat, solvents, metal powders | Cataracts |
| Hospital workers | Infectious agents, cleansers, radiation | Infections, accidents |
| Insulators | Asbestos, fibrous glass | Asbestosis, lung cancer, mesothelioma |
| Jack hammer operators | Vibration | Raynaud phenomenon |
| Lathe operators | Metal dusts, cutting oils | Lung disease, cancer |
| Laundry workers | Bleaches, soaps, alkalies | Dermatitis |
| Lead burners | Lead | Lead poisoning |
| Miners (coal, hard rock, metals, etc.) | Talc, radiation, metals, coal dust, silica | Pneumoconiosis, lung cancer |
| Natural gas workers | Polycyclic hydrocarbons | Lung cancer |
| Nuclear workers | Radiation, plutonium | Metal poisoning, cancer |
| Office workers | Poor lighting, poorly designed equipment | Joint problems, eye problems |
| Painters | Paints, solvents, spackling compounds | Neurologic problems |
| Paper makers | Acids, alkalies, solvents, metals | Lung disorders, dermatitis |
| Petroleum workers | Polycyclic hydrocarbons, catalysts, zeolites | Cancer, pneumoconiosis |
| Plumbers | Lead, solvents, asbestos | Lead poisoning |
| Railroad workers | Creosote, sunlight, oils, solvents | Cancer, dermatitis |
| Seamen | Sunlight, asbestos | Cancer, accidents |
| Smelter workers | Metals, heat, sulfur dioxide, arsenic | Cancer |
| Steel workers | Heat, metals, silica | Cataracts, heat stroke |
| Stone cutters | Silica | Silicosis |
| Textile workers | Cotton dust, fabrics, finishers, dyes, carbon disulfide | Byssinosis, dermatitis, psychosis |
| Varnish makers | Solvents, waxes | Dermatitis |
| Vineyard workers | Arsenic, pesticides | Cancer, dermatitis |
| Welders | Fumes, nonionizing radiation | Lead poisoning, cataracts |
SOURCE: Reprinted, with permission, from Principles and Practice of Environmental Medicine, A.B. Tarcher, ed. Copyright 1992 by Plenum Publishing Co.
Footnotes
- *
Adapted from Murdock, BS, ed. 1991. Environmental Issues in Primary Care. Minnesota: Minnesota Department of Health.
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