This report is the result of the subcommittee's detailed evaluation of possible adverse health effects associated with wearing permethrin-impregnated BDUs. The report examines the data on exposure assessment of permethrin in Chapter 2, pharmacokinetics in Chapter 3, acute toxicity in humans and animals in Chapter 4, dermal or ocular toxicity in Chapter 5, neurotoxicity in Chapter 6, liver and other organ toxicity in Chapter 7, immunotoxicity in Chapter 8, reproductive and developmental toxicity in Chapter 9, genotoxicity in Chapter 10, and carcinogenicity in Chapter 11. Chapter 12 provides a summary of the subcommittee's conclusions and recommendations.

Contents

• Subcommittee to Review Permethrin Toxicity from Military Uniforms
• Committee on Toxicology
• Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
• Commission on Life Sciences
• Other Recent Reports of The Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
• Preface
• Summary
  • EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
  • PHARMACOKINETICS
  • ACUTE TOXICITY
  • SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY
  • DERMAL TOXICITY
  • OCULAR TOXICITY
  • NEUROTOXICITY
  • LIVER TOXICITY
  • IMMUNOTOXICITY
  • REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY
  • GENOTOXICITY
  • CARCINOGENICITY
  • CONCLUSIONS
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Exposure Assessment
  • MILITARY NONFIELD PERSONNEL
  • MILITARY FIELD PERSONNEL
  • GARMENT WORKERS
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
• 3 Pharmacokinetics of Permethrin
  • ABSORPTION OF PERMETHRIN
  • INTERACTIONS
  • METABOLISM
  • HYDROLYSIS
  • OXIDATION
  • RELATIONSHIP TO TOXICITY
  • ELIMINATION
  • DISTRIBUTION
  • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
• 4 Acute and Short-Term Toxicity of Permethrin
  • ACUTE TOXICITY
  • SUBACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY
  • CONCLUSIONS
• 5 Dermal and Ocular Toxicity of Permethrin
  • DERMAL TOXICITY
  • OCULAR TOXICITY
  • CONCLUSIONS
• 6 Neurotoxicity of Permethrin
  • HUMAN DATA
  • ANIMAL DATA
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
• 7 Liver and Other Organ Toxicity of Permethrin
  • LIVER TOXICITY
  • OTHER ORGAN TOXICITY
  • CONCLUSIONS
• 8 Immunotoxicity of Permethrin
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
• 9 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Of Permethrin
  • RAT STUDIES
  • MOUSE STUDIES
  • RABBIT STUDIES
  • OTHER STUDIES
  • CONCLUSIONS
• 10 Genotoxicity of Permethrin
  • GENE MUTATIONS
  • CHROMOSOMAL EFFECTS
  • OTHER GENOTOXIC EFFECTS
  • CONCLUSIONS
• 11 Carcinogenicity of Permethrin
  • CARCINOGENICITY STUDIES IN MICE
  • CARCINOGENICITY STUDIES IN RATS
  • TUMOR PROMOTION STUDIES: SHIMKIN MOUSE LUNG BIOASSAY
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • CARCINOGENICITY RISK ASSESSMENT
• 12 Summary of Recommendations
  • EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
  • PHARMACOKINETICS
  • DERMAL TOXICITY
  • NEUROTOXICITY
  • IMMUNOTOXICITY
  • GENOTOXICITY
• References
• Appendix A

The project was supported by the U.S. Army under contract No. DAMD 17-89-C-9086.

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

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