TABLE C-4Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Lutein and Zeaxanthin (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age CategoryaNumber of Persons ExaminedMeanPercentile
5th10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo79345700
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo8277906098
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y3,309927159217
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y3,4481,277530616
Standard error932432
M 9 to 13 y1,2191,330674770
Standard error683038
M 14 to 18 y9091,418693801
Standard error843945
M 19 to 30 y1,9022,0328811,040
Standard error3537195
M 31 to 50 y2,5332,1929291,097
Standard error1515770
M 51 to 70 y1,9422,2648801,046
Standard error1102936
M 71+ y1,2552,088788937
Standard error1324452
F 9 to 13 y1,2161,280569668
Standard error3067270
F 14 to 18 y9491,162448526
Standard error1023437
F 19 to 30 y1,9011,704532645
Standard error2431930
F 31 to 50 y2,9392,013690848
Standard error1023239
F 51 to 70 y2,0651,960691840
Standard error962429
F 71+ y1,3681,921675817
Standard error1082633
Pregnant3461,455649754
Standard error1325060
Lactating991,8509581,098
Standard error277144171
All Individuals28,5751,719583714
Standard error491316
All Indiv (+P/L)29,0151,712581712
Standard error441114

NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th50th75th90th95th99th
1943531,0832,4075,703
2143988321,5122,7885,673
3656241,0681,8232,5727,542
8011,0991,5372,1352,6253,965
4874119190261471
9601,2281,5832,0092,3283,099
526584113138217
1,0161,3171,7072,1592,4873,247
5776104144179284
1,3661,8392,4693,2403,8345,342
1262345548801,0901,700
1,4431,9572,6693,5604,2515,986
94130186269339539
1,4051,9662,7763,8254,6566,800
5183140228308543
1,2611,7782,5523,5904,4306,649
72107168260342582
8661,1521,5442,0382,4263,408
1352984305476691,210
6999931,4211,9892,4523,700
5779128210292608
9061,3532,0713,1114,0266,743
651422965588191,730
1,1851,7122,4863,5144,3466,541
5582127199266473
1,1671,6842,4373,4044,1616,077
4365111226363857
1,1301,6342,3813,3594,1336,124
5082137228320626
9731,3061,7672,3352,7643,811
80113166243311502
1,3731,7502,2172,7303,0873,874
220278340406457593
1,0041,4662,1443,0213,7115,470
23366199133231
1,0011,4612,1353,0073,6945,442
20325591123218
a

M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

From: C, Dietary Intake Datafrom the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994

Cover of Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc.
Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients.
Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001.
Copyright 2001 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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