Dietary Intake Datafrom the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994

Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients

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Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc.

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CDietary Intake Datafrom the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994

TABLE C-1Mean and Percentiles for One-Day Intake of α-Carotene (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	359	0	0
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	589	0	1
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	221	1	2
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	207	1	3
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	343	1	3
M 14 to 18 y	909	239	0	<1
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	425	<1	2
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	457	<1	2
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	582	<1	2
M 71+ y	1,255	535	<1	3
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	307	1	1
F 14 to 18 y	949	203	0	1
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	246	<1	1
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	468	<1	2
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	592	1	3
F 71+ y	1,368	588	1	4
F Pregnant	346	376	1	3
F Lactating	99	417	1	2
All Individuals	28,575	407	<1	2
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	406	<1	2

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0	3	210	1,107	2,066	3,894
6	91	638	1,596	3,194	5,417
6	17	56	655	1,376	3,443
9	22	58	366	1,190	3,443
8	25	68	291	1,202	5,846
8	29	76	257	1,638	4,476
9	39	128	1,386	2,355	7,207
10	51	191	1,457	2,464	6,620
13	58	308	2,028	3,174	6,053
13	51	262	1,681	3,135	5,758
7	19	60	400	1,719	5,171
4	21	58	295	1,348	2,927
7	29	97	567	1,327	3,718
10	44	208	1,460	2,712	6,960
15	59	354	1,823	3,240	7,427
14	58	488	2,250	3,266	4,966
9	41	166	1,175	1,836	6,735
10	43	111	483	2,132	6,735
9	36	144	1,184	2,416	5,689
9	36	144	1,184	2,389	5,689

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
			1st	5th

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. Estimates represent the unadjusted distribution of the intake reported per individual (the distribution of the data does not meet the assumptions of the Iowa State University method, i.e., the C-Side program). The mean and percentiles for all distributions were calculated using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. All sample weights greater than 40,000 were truncated to 40,000 to reduce the influence of extreme intake patterns. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

10th

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000, Revised.

TABLE C-2Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of β-Carotene (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	1,159	1	1
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	1,950	42	79
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	1,020	75	110
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	1,722	1,037	1,148
Standard error		353	174	202
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	1,694	461	575
Standard error		499	89	124
M 14 to 18 y	909	1,420	492	600
Standard error		190	51	67
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	2,146	726	885
Standard error		164	63	71
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	2,299	736	913
Standard error		139	48	54
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	2,622	826	1,026
Standard error		163	73	82
M 71+ y	1,255	2,733	800	1,009
Standard error		166	64	72
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	1,826	584	720
Standard error		667	141	186
F 14 to 18 y	949	1,183	411	502
Standard error		124	35	44
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	1,595	538	660
Standard error		169	38	50
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	2,144	763	929
Standard error		100	46	49
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	2,665	931	1,141
Standard error		336	64	71
F 71+ y	1,368	2,634	983	1,196
Standard error		133	65	72
Pregnant	346	1,531	654	778
Standard error		217	112	138
Lactating	99	1,568	789	900
Standard error		425	147	176
All Individuals	28,575	1,985	617	774
Standard error		45	23	25
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	1,978	615	771
Standard error		44	23	25

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
6	77	1,274	4,240	6,658	10,365
236	711	2,166	5,684	7,974	13,208
198	411	931	2,279	3,920	8,583
1,362	1,649	2,001	2,386	2,653	3,247
256	332	426	531	606	777
839	1,300	2,069	3,218	4,230	7,173
206	353	612	1,030	1,420	2,630
833	1,201	1,749	2,484	3,082	4,670
101	153	236	358	466	778
1,231	1,793	2,663	3,831	4,759	7,101
88	124	199	321	429	728
1,306	1,942	2,886	4,110	5,068	7,479
69	103	170	288	409	848
1,470	2,199	3,302	4,741	5,861	8,603
100	134	198	297	381	596
1,479	2,261	3,457	5,029	6,262	9,334
91	134	213	335	448	794
1,023	1,519	2,269	3,278	4,099	6,278
296	495	834	1,350	1,810	3,190
700	1,014	1,472	2,062	2,523	3,692
64	96	154	260	370	737
929	1,359	1,989	2,805	3,447	5,083
78	128	214	338	444	739
1,289	1,857	2,678	3,713	4,502	6,414
57	78	129	205	266	428
1,598	2,317	3,339	4,612	5,580	7,943
100	186	400	811	1,230	2,560
1,653	2,351	3,304	4,431	5,250	7,138
91	123	168	224	266	379
1,031	1,388	1,866	2,456	2,902	3,972
178	204	258	368	468	760
1,121	1,435	1,862	2,391	2,798	3,812
239	348	530	800	1,040	1,700
1,110	1,665	2,491	3,580	4,444	6,641
29	40	55	78	100	167
1,106	1,659	2,483	3,567	4,428	6,614
29	39	54	76	97	161

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-3Mean and Percentiles for One-Day Intake of β-Cryptoxanthin (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	18	0	0
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	43	0	1
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	83	0	1
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	84	0	1
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	101	0	0
M 14 to 18 y	909	121	0	1
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	136	0	1
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	117	0	1
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	122	0	1
M 71+ y	1,255	135	0	1
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	94	0	0
F 14 to 18 y	949	88	0	0
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	98	0	0
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	84	0	1
F 51–70 y	2,065	107	0	1
F 71+ y	1,368	105	0	1
F Pregnant	346	159	1	2
F Lactating	99	172	0	1
All Individuals	28,575	104	0	1
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	105	0	1

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. Estimates represent the unadjusted distribution of the intake reported per individual (the distribution of the data does not meet the assumptions of the Iowa State University method, i.e., the C-Side program). The mean and percentiles for all distributions were calculated using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. All sample weights greater than 40,000 were truncated to 40,000 to reduce the influence of extreme intake patterns. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0	7	23	45	65	177
8	23	51	103	143	258
4	39	113	213	326	544
3	27	120	239	337	596
3	20	139	263	373	662
3	14	167	334	463	1,376
4	19	177	392	556	1,262
5	27	152	326	476	982
4	34	160	312	442	892
4	39	154	278	384	1,336
3	23	147	266	344	787
3	13	92	266	422	836
3	13	118	260	421	1,009
3	18	100	245	357	738
4	41	157	266	383	715
5	52	153	273	345	635
6	46	184	367	813	1,357
16	91	179	474	1,003	1,003
4	24	134	277	410	830
4	24	135	279	413	850

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000, Revised.

TABLE C-4Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Lutein and Zeaxanthin (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	457	0	0
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	790	60	98
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	927	159	217
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	1,277	530	616
Standard error		93	24	32
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	1,330	674	770
Standard error		68	30	38
M 14 to 18 y	909	1,418	693	801
Standard error		84	39	45
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	2,032	881	1,040
Standard error		353	71	95
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	2,192	929	1,097
Standard error		151	57	70
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	2,264	880	1,046
Standard error		110	29	36
M 71+ y	1,255	2,088	788	937
Standard error		132	44	52
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	1,280	569	668
Standard error		306	72	70
F 14 to 18 y	949	1,162	448	526
Standard error		102	34	37
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	1,704	532	645
Standard error		243	19	30
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	2,013	690	848
Standard error		102	32	39
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	1,960	691	840
Standard error		96	24	29
F 71+ y	1,368	1,921	675	817
Standard error		108	26	33
Pregnant	346	1,455	649	754
Standard error		132	50	60
Lactating	99	1,850	958	1,098
Standard error		277	144	171
All Individuals	28,575	1,719	583	714
Standard error		49	13	16
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	1,712	581	712
Standard error		44	11	14

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
1	94	353	1,083	2,407	5,703
214	398	832	1,512	2,788	5,673
365	624	1,068	1,823	2,572	7,542
801	1,099	1,537	2,135	2,625	3,965
48	74	119	190	261	471
960	1,228	1,583	2,009	2,328	3,099
52	65	84	113	138	217
1,016	1,317	1,707	2,159	2,487	3,247
57	76	104	144	179	284
1,366	1,839	2,469	3,240	3,834	5,342
126	234	554	880	1,090	1,700
1,443	1,957	2,669	3,560	4,251	5,986
94	130	186	269	339	539
1,405	1,966	2,776	3,825	4,656	6,800
51	83	140	228	308	543
1,261	1,778	2,552	3,590	4,430	6,649
72	107	168	260	342	582
866	1,152	1,544	2,038	2,426	3,408
135	298	430	547	669	1,210
699	993	1,421	1,989	2,452	3,700
57	79	128	210	292	608
906	1,353	2,071	3,111	4,026	6,743
65	142	296	558	819	1,730
1,185	1,712	2,486	3,514	4,346	6,541
55	82	127	199	266	473
1,167	1,684	2,437	3,404	4,161	6,077
43	65	111	226	363	857
1,130	1,634	2,381	3,359	4,133	6,124
50	82	137	228	320	626
973	1,306	1,767	2,335	2,764	3,811
80	113	166	243	311	502
1,373	1,750	2,217	2,730	3,087	3,874
220	278	340	406	457	593
1,004	1,466	2,144	3,021	3,711	5,470
23	36	61	99	133	231
1,001	1,461	2,135	3,007	3,694	5,442
20	32	55	91	123	218

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-5Mean and Percentiles for One-Day Intake of Lycopene (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	164	0	0
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	1,873	0	0
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	5,278	0	0
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	6,951	0	0
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	10,111	0	0
M 14 to 18 y	909	11,547	0	0
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	12,656	0	0
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	9,882	0	0
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	6,635	0	0
M 71+ y	1,255	6,666	0	0
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	8,262	0	0
F 14 to 18 y	949	7,980	0	0
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	7,438	0	0
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	5,972	0	0
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	5,388	0	0
F 71+ y	1,368	4,332	0	0
F Pregnant	346	8,713	0	0
F Lactating	99	9,513	0	0
All Individuals	28,575	7,753	0	0
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	7,774	0	0

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. Estimates represent the unadjusted distribution of the intake reported per individual (the distribution of the data does not meet the assumptions of the Iowa State University method, i.e., the C-Side program). The mean and percentiles for all distributions were calculated using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. All sample weights greater than 40,000 were truncated to 40,000 to reduce the influence of extreme intake patterns. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0	0	0	188	666	2,707
0	0	780	7,520	11,481	21,577
0	1,361	6,366	16,629	23,756	43,262
23	2,902	9,125	19,566	30,234	52,255
242	4,301	12,771	24,775	41,509	89,687
133	5,211	15,355	30,456	38,538	123,299
511	5,079	16,000	33,447	47,460	110,395
0	2,902	11,832	29,126	46,342	76,642
0	1,625	6,853	19,600	30,456	60,917
0	1,376	5,627	20,557	29,938	83,429
0	2,902	11,482	23,962	34,292	50,216
0	2,902	10,179	20,804	31,449	72,465
0	2,420	9,709	20,760	29,933	62,806
0	1,836	7,053	15,350	28,061	57,600
0	1,361	4,877	15,741	27,594	47,917
0	842	3,409	13,084	22,550	52,255
696	3,802	13,467	25,101	27,943	71,038
1,625	3,969	12,058	33,520	37,942	48,076
0	2,141	9,152	22,290	33,325	65,522
0	2,167	9,226	22,398	33,325	65,517

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000, Revised.

TABLE C-6Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Retinol (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	530	220	297
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	515	198	246
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	496	83	139
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	610	423	459
Standard error		15	10	11
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	673	291	348
Standard error		23	11	13
M 14 to 18 y	909	689	248	309
Standard error		36	16	19
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	598	199	241
Standard error		36	9	14
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	636	206	260
Standard error		31	9	11
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	682	216	277
Standard error		40	14	17
M 71+ y	1,255	658	229	281
Standard error		35	13	14
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	576	227	279
Standard error		34	18	22
F 14 to 18 y	949	440	147	186
Standard error		22	10	12
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	429	141	177
Standard error		19	7	9
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	441	146	179
Standard error		19	4	7
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	527	159	192
Standard error		40	7	10
F 71+ y	1,368	543	188	231
Standard error		41	9	9
Pregnant	346	600	233	282
Standard error		132	23	25
Lactating	99	931	480	577
Standard error		134	125	158
All Individuals	28,575	547	216	263
Standard error		8	4	4
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	550	217	264
Standard error		8	4	4

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
417	523	641	744	881	1,175
345	481	632	785	906	1,424
245	404	602	836	1,058	2,069
523	602	687	771	823	929
13	15	17	20	22	27
462	619	823	1,063	1,238	1,645
15	20	30	44	57	92
437	624	869	1,150	1,351	1,802
24	32	45	65	82	128
346	534	763	1,039	1,231	1,707
16	35	53	85	91	166
376	557	807	1,109	1,333	1,863
15	24	39	63	83	138
410	607	862	1,160	1,395	2,040
24	37	58	184	223	270
395	571	818	1,130	1,378	2,031
17	26	44	75	108	219
373	526	711	946	1,089	1,502
25	29	53	118	99	286
269	393	559	752	892	1,212
16	21	28	38	49	81
255	378	545	742	888	1,245
11	19	25	38	48	83
254	383	551	779	935	1,366
8	15	23	55	64	148
274	428	655	969	1,243	1,951
17	25	49	102	140	316
324	468	673	937	1,149	1,716
19	29	61	99	139	317
387	540	746	990	1,169	1,591
32	49	118	321	581	1,620
733	895	1,079	1,314	1,503	1,974
176	140	133	184	228	387
361	502	684	889	1,034	1,358
5	7	10	14	17	26
362	505	688	895	1,041	1,368
6	8	10	14	18	26

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-7Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Total Vitamin A (μg RE^a/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^b	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^b	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	755	318	381
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	893	298	362
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	691	149	213
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	849	585	632
Standard error		32	20	22
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	965	404	477
Standard error		46	15	18
M 14 to 18 y	909	950	381	462
Standard error		49	24	28
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	1,005	377	463
Standard error		58	20	21
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	1,111	387	470
Standard error		62	12	16
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	1,146	415	512
Standard error		46	17	22
M 71+ y	1,255	1,182	451	549
Standard error		48	17	19
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	836	387	453
Standard error		58	18	21
F 14 to 18 y	949	660	282	337
Standard error		39	19	22
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	740	302	365
Standard error		35	13	16
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	838	355	424
Standard error		21	10	11
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	1,013	409	492
Standard error		68	22	22
F 71+ y	1,368	1,040	460	542
Standard error		41	17	20
Pregnant	346	947	423	497
Standard error		156	44	63
Lactating	99	1,253	717	811
Standard error		263	369	435
All Individuals	28,575	922	445	517
Standard error		12	6	7
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	924	446	518
Standard error		12	6	7

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
493	624	881	1,315	1,732	2,586
516	721	1,034	1,631	2,021	3,093
351	537	804	1,198	1,570	2,796
719	829	958	1,090	1,177	1,356
27	31	36	45	55	90
628	859	1,178	1,571	1,880	2,689
26	33	61	106	152	322
629	870	1,182	1,538	1,789	2,356
36	47	62	81	96	139
638	914	1,273	1,643	1,917	2,647
44	48	135	126	104	157
652	949	1,380	1,926	2,367	3,582
24	46	85	130	176	352
713	1,012	1,425	1,937	2,332	3,307
30	35	69	97	127	231
750	1,047	1,457	1,972	2,371	3,357
26	38	60	97	138	284
587	776	1,016	1,290	1,490	1,964
28	45	77	122	162	280
450	610	815	1,045	1,208	1,571
28	36	48	62	74	105
490	668	907	1,200	1,424	1,969
22	30	43	65	83	131
565	764	1,027	1,341	1,574	2,132
14	19	26	39	51	88
664	913	1,245	1,648	1,954	2,714
29	60	101	138	168	307
710	954	1,271	1,640	1,911	2,562
24	34	54	86	118	223
648	861	1,139	1,485	1,760	2,484
106	157	198	259	336	628
988	1,215	1,477	1,745	1,922	2,289
426	279	237	332	362	542
662	863	1,118	1,402	1,601	2,046
8	11	15	20	25	36
663	865	1,120	1,405	1,605	2,051
8	11	15	20	25	36

a: RE = retinol equivalents. 1 μg RE = 6 μg β-carotene and 12 μg α-carotene or β-cryptoxanthin.
b: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-8Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Total Vitamin A (μg RAE^a/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^b	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^b	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	643	305	362
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	704	260	331
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	593	123	181
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	728	588	615
Standard error		25	21	23
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	818	354	422
Standard error		29	13	15
M 14 to 18 y	909	819	322	392
Standard error		41	20	23
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	803	295	367
Standard error		59	13	19
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	898	309	368
Standard error		58	7	8
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	910	330	405
Standard error		36	13	15
M 71+ y	1,255	909	360	435
Standard error		33	13	14
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	706	323	381
Standard error		44	16	21
F 14 to 18 y	949	549	228	275
Standard error		30	15	18
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	583	236	287
Standard error		24	9	12
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	640	266	320
Standard error		23	12	9
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	771	299	361
Standard error		43	12	15
F 71+ y	1,368	793	354	408
Standard error		34	15	15
Pregnant	346	757	346	405
Standard error		147	37	46
Lactating	99	1,094	603	686
Standard error		217	270	333
All Individuals	28,575	733	343	402
Standard error		9	4	5
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	736	344	404
Standard error		9	4	5

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
468	590	761	1,009	1,170	1,587
468	636	841	1,144	1,338	1,930
304	484	707	1,014	1,259	2,131
663	722	787	850	890	968
24	25	26	27	30	38
557	746	996	1,301	1,530	2,081
18	24	35	58	81	149
538	749	1,023	1,333	1,553	2,048
30	39	51	70	87	133
516	744	1,024	1,292	1,487	2,028
48	47	163	140	90	121
515	759	1,104	1,584	1,964	3,002
21	42	71	141	198	392
565	811	1,141	1,523	1,818	2,602
19	29	48	77	107	209
587	810	1,117	1,500	1,794	2,517
17	24	41	71	101	191
497	660	863	1,086	1,244	1,614
28	37	57	88	116	208
371	507	681	877	1,015	1,322
22	28	37	48	57	83
388	530	717	943	1,112	1,517
16	22	31	45	57	92
428	583	795	1,030	1,191	1,583
9	24	31	96	113	125
491	685	959	1,281	1,516	2,125
20	31	57	101	132	218
532	716	967	1,264	1,493	2,068
25	23	41	89	125	299
523	691	916	1,188	1,394	1,893
69	111	170	308	483	1,190
845	1,054	1,299	1,555	1,725	2,085
343	233	191	260	289	484
521	687	894	1,123	1,283	1,636
6	8	11	15	19	28
523	689	897	1,128	1,288	1,644
6	8	11	15	19	28

a: RAE = retinol activity equivalents. 1 μg RAE = 12 μg β-carotene and 24 μg α-carotene or β-cryptoxanthin.
b: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-9Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Total Vitamin A (μg RAE^a/day) from Supplements NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^b	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^c	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^b	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^c	5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y	1,677	804	51	193
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y	437	906	58	75
M 19+ years	1,041	1,304	38	145
F 19+ years	1,463	1,338	63	171
F Pregnant/Lactating	148	1,106	36	567^d
All Individuals	4,618	1,185	35	150
All Indiv (+P/L)	4,766	1,182	33	150

: NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a: RAE = retinol activity equivalents. 1 μg RAE = 12 μg β-carotene and 24 μg α-carotene or β-cryptoxanthin.
b: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
323	438	721	745	1,439	1,482	2,511
191	431	751	1,437	1,492	1,676	3,713^d
250	779	1,439	1,485	1,756	3,003	4,494^d
298	818	1,422	1,501	1,531	2,543	4,120
854	866	1,027	1,146	1,420	1,492^d	2,894^d
293	647	1,172	1,501	1,501	2,390	4,449
294	651	1,174	1,501	1,501	2,383	4,367

c: SEM = standard error of the mean.
d: These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 2000.

TABLE C-10Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Vitamin K (μg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	62.6	19.8	29.8
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	53.1	6.7	9.3
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	38.7	5.3	8.3
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	59.2	32.0	36.0
Standard error		6.2	2.3	2.9
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	65.1	35.0	40.0
Standard error		3.6	1.7	1.6
M 14 to 18 y	909	79.4	43.0	49.0
Standard error		4.4	2.3	2.6
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	105.8	54.0	62.0
Standard error		12.6	2.4	2.9
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	125.4	63.0	72.0
Standard error		11.4	5.6	6.8
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	120.0	55.0	64.0
Standard error		8.5	3.4	4.2
M 71+ y	1,255	97.8	44.0	52.0
Standard error		8.1	3.8	4.4
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	63.4	27.0	31.0
Standard error		6.3	1.5	2.1
F 14 to 18 y	949	66.6	29.0	35.0
Standard error		3.6	1.6	2.0
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	98.0	32.0	40.0
Standard error		14.6	2.5	3.7
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	99.6	38.0	46.0
Standard error		3.3	1.2	1.4
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	97.2	36.0	44.0
Standard error		4.4	1.3	1.6
F 71+ y	1,368	93.8	32.0	39.0
Standard error		4.3	1.5	1.9
Pregnant	346	87.8	38.0	45.0
Standard error		12.5	5.7	7.7
Lactating	99	78.6	38.0	44.0
Standard error		11.1	6.1	7.4
Pregnant/Lactating	440	87.0	37.0	44.0
Standard error		8.5	4.1	5.4
All Individuals	28,575	93.9	38.0	45.0
Standard error		3.1	1.0	1.3
All Individuals (+P/L)	29,015	93.7	38.0	45.0
Standard error		3.0	1.0	1.3

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
41.4	54.2	71.9	99.1	119.8	274.2
20.9	45.1	67.0	95.5	119.2	246.2
14.3	25.8	44.1	77.1	111.9	308.7
44.0	55.0	70.0	87.0	101.0	132.0
4.1	5.6	7.7	10.5	12.9	18.5
49.0	61.0	77.0	95.0	108.0	139.0
1.8	2.7	4.4	7.6	10.8	22.1
60.0	75.0	94.0	116.0	131.0	166.0
3.2	4.1	5.3	7.0	8.3	11.7
77.0	98.0	126.0	158.0	183.0	241.0
5.1	10.2	17.5	26.0	32.5	51.3
91.0	117.0	150.0	189.0	217.0	282.0
8.6	10.6	13.1	16.9	20.9	34.8
82.0	109.0	145.0	189.0	223.0	303.0
5.7	7.7	10.5	14.2	17.2	25.1
67.0	89.0	119.0	155.0	181.0	243.0
5.7	7.6	10.1	13.0	15.3	22.3
41.0	56.0	77.0	104.0	125.0	181.0
3.2	4.9	7.7	12.2	16.3	28.4
45.0	60.0	81.0	106.0	125.0	174.0
2.7	3.4	4.5	6.4	8.4	14.5
56.0	82.0	121.0	173.0	217.0	340.0
6.2	10.9	19.7	31.2	41.6	77.5
63.0	88.0	123.0	167.0	201.0	288.0
2.0	2.8	4.1	6.2	8.2	14.3
60.0	85.0	121.0	165.0	200.0	284.0
2.3	3.5	5.6	8.9	11.9	20.3
55.0	79.0	116.0	165.0	204.0	308.0
2.7	3.8	5.4	8.8	13.4	31.7
59.0	80.0	107.0	140.0	166.0	229.0
10.3	11.7	13.3	17.8	24.7	52.9
57.0	74.0	95.0	119.0	136.0	172.0
9.8	12.5	14.4	14.7	14.5	18.7
59.0	79.0	106.0	139.0	164.0	225.0
6.9	7.8	9.2	12.7	17.6	37.5
60.0	83.0	115.0	155.0	186.0	264.0
1.8	2.6	3.8	5.9	8.0	14.7
60.0	83.0	115.0	155.0	186.0	263.0
1.7	2.5	3.7	5.8	7.8	14.5

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-11Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Vitamin K (μg/day) from Food and Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	62.6	19.8	29.8
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	53.1	6.8	9.5
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	38.9	6.2	8.9
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	59.5	32.5	36.1
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	65.7	35.2	39.7
M 14 to 18 y	909	80.3	42.4	50.0
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	107.8	56.2	62.9
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	126.9	64.6	74.4
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	122.3	56.2	64.5
M 71+ y	1,255	99.8	43.6	52.6
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	63.7	26.9	32.4
F 14 to 18 y	949	67.2	29.8	34.1
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	99.6	32.6	39.1
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	101.9	39.1	47.3
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	100.3	36.9	45.0
F 71+ y	1,368	97.3	33.7	40.5
Pregnant	346	88.4	38.2	45.6
Lactating	99	79.1	37.9	43.6
Pregnant/Lactating	440	87.4	36.4	44.4
All Individuals	28,575	95.5	38.5	45.7
All Individuals (+P/L)	29,015	95.3	38.5	45.7

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Food composition data are from the NDS-R Food and Nutrient Database, Version 30, 1999, Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
41.2	53.7	71.9	98.3	115.8	227.4
23.4	46.2	66.5	96.5	121.3	278.5
14.7	25.9	43.9	77.7	107.9	241.2
44.1	55.0	70.2	88.4	97.9	137.7
48.9	62.1	77.8	94.3	112.4	138.3
60.3	76.5	96.5	116.3	131.0	162.3
78.4	101.1	129.1	160.4	181.3	233.8
92.1	118.6	151.1	189.3	217.2	296.3
85.0	110.7	146.7	191.1	229.9	316.5
68.3	92.7	119.0	153.8	182.8	249.1
41.4	56.7	77.8	102.3	126.3	173.8
45.1	60.4	82.1	105.9	122.4	176.1
56.6	82.3	128.0	173.1	211.5	367.0
64.3	90.2	126.3	167.1	201.4	290.4
62.3	87.4	125.9	168.0	195.7	286.0
57.0	82.5	121.7	168.9	202.5	328.5
59.9	79.5	110.6	137.1	169.7	249.4
62.0	72.3	94.8	114.1	123.7	206.9
60.2	79.2	107.8	139.6	165.1	239.5
61.5	85.0	116.9	158.2	186.6	264.2
61.4	84.9	116.8	157.7	185.6	262.8

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-12Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Boron (mg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
Both sexes, 6 to 8 y	1,512	0.85	0.33	0.43
Standard error		0.03	0.01	0.02
M 9 to 13 y	1,223	0.92	0.34	0.46
Standard error		0.03	0.02	0.02
M 14 to 18 y	913	1.06	0.34	0.47
Standard error		0.05	0.02	0.02
M 19 to 30 y	1,906	1.29	0.47	0.63
Standard error		0.04	0.03	0.02
M 31 to 50 y	2,536	1.42	0.57	0.76
Standard error		0.04	0.02	0.03
M 51 to 70 y	1,946	1.42	0.59	0.77
Standard error		0.04	0.02	0.02
M 71+ y	1,257	1.28	0.46	0.63
Standard error		0.04	0.02	0.02
F 9 to 13 y	1,241	0.84	0.33	0.43
Standard error		0.03	0.01	0.02
F 14 to 18 y	979	0.80	0.29	0.39
Standard error		0.03	0.01	0.02
F 19 to 30 y	1,975	0.92	0.33	0.44
Standard error		0.03	0.02	0.03
F 31 to 50 y	2,993	1.19	0.49	0.64
Standard error		0.06	0.04	0.03
F 51 to 70 y	2,080	1.16	0.49	0.64
Standard error		0.03	0.02	0.03
F 71+ y	1,370	1.03	0.42	0.55
Standard error		0.02	0.01	0.01
Pregnant	348	1.13	0.39	0.53
Standard error		0.10	0.03	0.04
All Individuals 6+	21,931	1.15	0.60	0.72
Standard error		0.01	0.03	0.02
All Indiv 6+ (+P)	22,279	1.15	0.60	0.73
Standard error		0.01	0.03	0.02

: NOTE: Estimates were obtained using C-SIDE v1.02 (C-SIDE courtesy of Iowa State University Statistical Laboratory). Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.50	0.63	0.80	1.02	1.27	1.45	1.89
0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.18
0.53	0.68	0.86	1.09	1.38	1.59	2.10
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.14
0.56	0.73	0.98	1.30	1.67	1.93	2.54
0.03	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.12	0.22
0.72	0.91	1.20	1.58	1.97	2.25	2.97
0.03	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.15
0.87	1.08	1.35	1.67	2.05	2.34	3.01
0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.08	0.14
0.87	1.08	1.34	1.68	2.05	2.32	2.95
0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.09	0.14
0.73	0.94	1.20	1.53	1.91	2.20	2.88
0.03	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.09	0.16
0.50	0.63	0.79	0.99	1.23	1.40	1.80
0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.09
0.45	0.56	0.75	1.00	1.21	1.36	1.77
0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.12
0.51	0.66	0.87	1.11	1.40	1.61	2.14
0.03	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.14
0.73	0.90	1.13	1.40	1.72	1.95	2.47
0.02	0.05	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.12
0.73	0.89	1.10	1.36	1.64	1.85	2.32
0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.09
0.63	0.78	0.98	1.22	1.48	1.66	2.04
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.07
0.62	0.80	1.05	1.38	1.74	2.00	2.59
0.05	0.07	0.08	0.12	0.18	0.23	0.39
0.80	0.94	1.12	1.33	1.55	1.70	2.03
0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.07
0.80	0.94	1.12	1.33	1.55	1.70	2.02
0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.07

a: M = male, F = female, P = pregnant.
SOURCE: C. Rainey, Nutrition Research Group, and A. Carriquiry, Iowa State University, 1999.

TABLE C-13Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Boron (mg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y	24	0.27^c	0.08	0.01^c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y	78	0.16	0.03	0.00^c
M 19+ y	521	0.17	0.01	0.02
F 19+ y	658	0.18	0.01	0.02
Pregnant/lactating	5	0.15^c	0.00	0.13^c
All individuals	1,281	0.18	0.01	0.02
All individuals (+P/L)	1,286	0.18	0.01	0.02

: NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b: SEM = standard error of the mean.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.02^c	0.08^c	0.12^c	0.28^c	0.46^c	0.65^c	0.94^c
0.01^c	0.03	0.12	0.14	0.30^c	0.47^c	1.01^c
0.04	0.12	0.14	0.14	0.15	0.41	1.08^c
0.05	0.13	0.14	0.14	0.15	0.47	1.01^c
0.13^c	0.14^c	0.14^c	0.14^c	0.15^c	0.15^c	0.15^c
0.04	0.13	0.14	0.14	0.15	0.47	1.02^c
0.04	0.13	0.14	0.15	0.15	0.47	1.02^c

c: These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.

TABLE C-14Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Chromium (μg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y	83	24.5	2.8	6.1^c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y	129	18.3	2.5	0.6^c
M 19+ y	698	29.5	1.7	3.2
F 19+ y	915	30.0	1.6	4.4
F Pregnant/Lactating	33	23.7^c	0.8	13.0^c
All Individuals	1,825	28.9	1.1	3.3
All Individuals (+P/L)	1,858	28.8	1.1	3.3

: NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b: SEM = standard error of the mean.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
10.1^c	14.7	17.6	22.1	40.2^c	57.9^c	97.1^c
1.2^c	4.3	14.3	23.2	26.0^c	45.9^c	122.8^c
6.3	13.8	22.7	24.7	48.5	100.0	204.1^c
7.7	14.8	23.1	24.6	49.3	126.8	202.3^c
14.3^c	18.4^c	20.7^c	23.0^c	24.4^c	24.9^c	29.4^c
6.4	14.7	23.0	24.6	48.7	100.0	200.9
6.4	14.7	23.0	24.6	48.5	100.0	200.4

c: These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.

TABLE C-15Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Copper (mg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	0.71	0.30	0.40
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	0.75	0.30	0.40
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	0.74	0.30	0.40
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	0.97	0.70	0.75
Standard error		0.02	0.03	0.03
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	1.24	0.86	0.93
Standard error		0.03	0.03	0.03
M 14 to 18 y	909	1.50	0.86	0.97
Standard error		0.05	0.04	0.04
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	1.70	0.96	1.08
Standard error		0.05	0.05	0.05
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	1.67	0.96	1.08
Standard error		0.03	0.02	0.02
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	1.54	0.86	0.97
Standard error		0.03	0.03	0.03
M 71+ y	1,255	1.33	0.75	0.85
Standard error		0.05	0.03	0.03
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	1.08	0.74	0.80
Standard error		0.03	0.03	0.03
F 14 to 18 y	949	1.10	0.61	0.69
Standard error		0.05	0.03	0.03
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	1.17	0.67	0.75
Standard error		0.10	0.14	0.13
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	1.18	0.68	0.76
Standard error		0.02	0.03	0.03
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	1.13	0.67	0.75
Standard error		0.02	0.02	0.02
F 71+ y	1,368	1.04	0.63	0.70
Standard error		0.02	0.03	0.02
Pregnant	346	1.28	0.76	0.85
Standard error		0.05	0.06	0.05
Lactating	99	1.62	0.97	1.09
Standard error		0.11	0.08	0.08
All Individuals	28,575	1.30	0.72	0.82
Standard error		0.04	0.03	0.03
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	1.30	0.72	0.82
Standard error		0.04	0.03	0.03

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.50	0.70	0.90	1.00	1.20	1.50
0.50	0.70	0.90	1.10	1.30	1.70
0.50	0.70	0.90	1.10	1.30	1.90
0.84	0.96	1.09	1.21	1.29	1.46
0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05
1.06	1.22	1.40	1.59	1.70	1.95
0.02	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.06
1.17	1.44	1.76	2.09	2.32	2.80
0.04	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.08	0.12
1.32	1.63	2.00	2.39	2.65	3.21
0.05	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.09	0.13
1.30	1.60	1.96	2.35	2.61	3.18
0.02	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.11
1.19	1.47	1.81	2.18	2.43	2.97
0.03	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.11
1.03	1.27	1.57	1.88	2.10	2.56
0.03	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.09	0.14
0.92	1.06	1.22	1.39	1.49	1.71
0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.06
0.84	1.05	1.30	1.56	1.74	2.13
0.04	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.09	0.12
0.91	1.12	1.37	1.64	1.83	2.24
0.12	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.11	0.17
0.93	1.14	1.39	1.65	1.83	2.20
0.02	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.08
0.90	1.09	1.32	1.55	1.71	2.05
0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.07
0.83	1.01	1.21	1.43	1.57	1.86
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.06
1.02	1.24	1.50	1.77	1.95	2.32
0.04	0.04	0.06	0.09	0.12	0.20
1.31	1.58	1.89	2.20	2.41	2.82
0.10	0.12	0.14	0.17	0.19	0.24
0.99	1.24	1.54	1.86	2.09	2.58
0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.10
1.00	1.24	1.54	1.86	2.09	2.59
0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.10

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-16Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Copper (mg/day) from Food and Supplements, NHANES III (1988– 1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	0.71	0.30	0.40
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	0.75	0.30	0.40
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	0.74	0.30	0.40
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	1.05	0.69	0.75
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	1.28	0.87	0.94
M 14 to 18 y	909	1.58	0.90	0.99
M 19 to 30 y	1,900	1.85	0.97	1.13
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	1.85	1.03	1.11
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	1.79	0.91	1.00
M 71+ y	1,255	2.20	0.77	0.94
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	1.13	0.74	0.81
F 14 to 18 y	949	1.15	0.64	0.73
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	1.32	0.65	0.74
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	1.45	0.75	0.83
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	1.45	0.64	0.81
F 71+ y	1,368	1.52	0.63	0.71
Pregnant	346	1.86	0.86	1.01
Lactating	99	2.14	0.97	1.12
All Individuals	28,575	1.49	0.77	0.85
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	1.50	0.77	0.85

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted; the total nutrient intake is the sum of the unadjusted food intake and the daily supplement intake. For all other groups, individual total nutrient intakes were obtained as the sum of the adjusted individual usual intake from food alone and the daily supplement intake. The mean and percentiles of the estimated usual intake distributions were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.50	0.70	0.90	1.00	1.20	1.50
0.50	0.70	0.90	1.10	1.30	1.70
0.50	0.70	0.90	1.10	1.30	1.90
0.86	0.96	1.13	1.25	1.58	3.00
1.06	1.21	1.42	1.64	1.92	2.95
1.21	1.47	1.77	2.24	2.62	3.77
1.35	1.68	2.08	2.88	3.55	4.30
1.34	1.67	2.04	2.79	3.54	4.29
1.23	1.56	1.96	3.15	3.62	4.56
1.09	1.35	1.75	3.02	3.47	4.53
0.92	1.07	1.20	1.42	1.65	3.07
0.88	1.07	1.30	1.61	1.94	3.27
0.97	1.16	1.41	1.98	3.07	4.02
0.97	1.22	1.50	2.73	3.22	4.04
0.95	1.14	1.52	3.01	3.31	4.08
0.85	1.04	1.42	2.98	3.21	3.84
1.14	1.32	2.82	3.55	4.01	4.60
1.46	1.92	2.58	3.58	4.24	4.70
1.01	1.28	1.64	2.36	3.22	4.00
1.01	1.28	1.64	2.40	3.22	4.04

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-17Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Iodine (μg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y	289	117	8	19^c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y	154	94	8	5^c
M 19+ y	749	126	4	18
F 19+ y	972	137	6	19
Pregnant/Lactating	63	158	4	76^c
All Individuals	2,164	129	3	16
All Individuals (+P/L)	2,227	130	3	17

: NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b: SEM = standard error of the mean.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
27	67	106	130	143	148^c	563^c
9	25	74	129	144	150^c	288^c
36	75	135	143	148	150	306^c
44	103	142	146	149	152	304^c
82^c	99	128	155	169^c	173^c	260^c
34	74	141	146	149	150	304
35	74	141	146	149	152	304

c: These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.

TABLE C-18Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Iron (mg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	16.29	4.30	6.70
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	15.80	3.20	5.30
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	10.36	3.60	4.60
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	13.14	7.90	8.70
Standard error		0.18	0.14	0.15
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	16.51	9.70	10.90
Standard error		0.39	0.23	0.24
M 14 to 18 y	909	20.03	10.30	11.60
Standard error		1.35	0.34	0.40
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	19.06	10.60	11.90
Standard error		0.57	0.34	0.33
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	18.99	10.50	11.80
Standard error		0.34	0.17	0.18
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	18.19	9.60	10.90
Standard error		0.41	0.20	0.21
M 71+ y	1,255	16.85	8.80	10.00
Standard error		0.47	0.25	0.24
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	13.73	7.90	8.80
Standard error		0.55	0.33	0.33
F 14 to 18 y	949	12.22	6.60	7.50
Standard error		0.44	0.23	0.27
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	12.92	7.20	8.20
Standard error		0.30	0.18	0.23
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	12.77	7.40	8.30
Standard error		0.27	0.15	0.16
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	12.85	7.20	8.10
Standard error		0.29	0.16	0.14
F 71+ y	1,368	13.06	7.20	8.20
Standard error		0.32	0.38	0.37
Pregnant	346	15.34	9.00	10.20
Standard error		0.75	0.52	0.53
Lactating	99	20.87	10.10	11.70
Standard error		2.60	3.11	2.23
All Individuals	28,575	15.08	7.70	8.80
Standard error		0.12	0.12	0.11
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	15.13	7.70	8.90
Standard error		0.19	0.17	0.17

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
10.80	15.30	20.40	26.50	31.40	47.30
9.00	14.50	20.00	26.90	33.60	46.40
6.50	9.00	12.50	17.60	21.30	31.30
10.40	12.60	15.30	18.20	20.20	25.00
0.16	0.19	0.22	0.28	0.35	0.58
13.00	15.70	19.20	23.10	25.90	32.40
0.28	0.34	0.47	0.70	0.93	1.60
14.10	18.10	23.50	30.50	36.10	52.60
0.42	0.76	1.64	3.34	5.00	11.80
14.20	17.90	22.70	27.50	31.10	40.80
0.32	0.46	0.80	1.16	1.41	2.85
14.40	17.90	22.20	27.40	31.30	41.00
0.21	0.27	0.42	0.69	0.93	1.73
13.40	16.80	21.40	27.10	31.40	42.00
0.23	0.31	0.48	0.79	1.10	2.01
12.30	15.50	19.90	25.30	29.50	39.70
0.26	0.35	0.55	0.99	1.50	3.30
10.60	12.90	16.00	19.70	22.40	28.80
0.42	0.48	0.88	1.01	1.18	1.93
9.20	11.60	14.50	17.70	20.00	25.20
0.36	0.44	0.54	0.68	0.78	0.95
10.00	12.20	15.10	18.40	21.00	26.90
0.40	0.30	0.48	0.54	0.69	1.23
10.00	12.10	14.80	18.00	20.30	25.70
0.18	0.22	0.32	0.48	0.64	1.11
9.70	12.00	15.00	18.70	21.40	27.90
0.16	0.22	0.36	0.59	0.82	1.65
10.00	12.30	15.30	18.70	21.30	27.40
0.44	0.41	0.32	0.47	0.60	1.20
12.20	14.70	17.60	21.20	24.00	30.80
0.58	0.70	0.98	1.34	1.62	2.35
15.80	21.30	25.80	28.90	30.80	34.60
2.93	6.15	3.93	2.49	3.32	2.52
11.00	14.10	18.10	22.60	25.80	33.10
0.10	0.11	0.15	0.23	0.31	0.53
11.10	14.20	18.10	22.60	25.80	33.10
0.18	0.18	0.20	0.26	0.32	0.54

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-19Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Iron (mg/day) from Food and Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	16.29	4.30	6.70
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	15.80	3.20	5.30
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	10.36	3.60	4.60
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	14.68	7.97	8.81
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	18.05	10.03	11.01
M 14 to 18 y	909	20.88	10.58	11.77
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	20.87	10.64	12.23
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	21.09	11.00	12.12
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	20.64	9.95	11.30
M 71+ y	1,255	20.95	9.33	10.41
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	14.63	8.13	8.89
F 14 to 18 y	949	13.24	6.88	7.63
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	16.76	7.42	8.49
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	17.11	7.61	8.66
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	16.83	7.54	8.27
F 71+ y	1,368	19.01	7.38	8.41
Pregnant	346	48.97	9.90	10.59
Lactating	99	58.51	12.29	13.19
All Individuals	28,575	17.78	8.04	9.33
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	18.34	8.04	9.34

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted; the total nutrient intake is the sum of the unadjusted food intake and the daily supplement intake. For all other groups, individual total nutrient intakes were obtained as the sum of the adjusted individual usual intake from food alone and the daily supplement intake. The mean and percentiles of the estimated usual intake distributions were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
10.80	15.30	20.40	26.50	31.40	47.30
9.00	14.50	20.00	26.90	33.60	46.40
6.50	9.00	12.50	17.60	21.30	31.30
10.75	13.10	16.49	21.27	27.13	34.83
13.11	16.09	20.39	25.70	31.87	42.14
14.60	18.32	24.03	32.68	38.84	59.41
14.70	18.55	24.39	31.84	37.80	60.93
14.64	18.90	24.24	33.48	38.74	54.96
13.74	17.89	24.30	34.30	40.47	55.70
12.58	16.74	24.42	34.50	42.69	77.66
10.63	13.28	16.61	21.84	28.63	34.93
9.18	11.96	15.20	19.61	24.42	39.78
10.28	12.97	17.26	29.10	36.35	80.78
10.41	13.08	17.56	31.01	38.50	71.49
10.02	13.06	18.64	30.46	35.84	47.20
10.35	13.21	19.55	32.03	37.35	81.24
13.86	21.42	75.48	88.84	170.70	279.30
17.40	28.33	84.48	112.00	271.50	271.50
11.58	14.84	19.87	29.66	35.90	59.42
11.59	14.93	20.06	30.13	37.14	75.67

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-20Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Manganese (mg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y	97	1.16	0.15	0.06^c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y	137	1.64	0.16	0.07^c
M 19+ y	736	2.63	0.11	0.34
F 19+ y	958	2.73	0.11	0.32
Pregnant/Lactating	33	4.72^c	0.17	1.25^c
All Individuals	1,928	2.57	0.07	0.24
All Individuals (+P/L)	1,961	2.61	0.07	0.24

: NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b: SEM = standard error of the mean.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.24^c	0.64	0.86	1.34	2.36^c	2.44^c	2.94^c
0.09^c	0.33	1.16	2.37	3.32^c	4.30^c	5.88^c
0.69	1.54	2.49	2.50	4.64	5.07	8.30^c
0.70	1.82	2.37	2.50	4.80	5.07	7.88^c
2.09^c	3.70^c	4.15^c	4.59^c	4.86^c	4.94^c	6.89^c
0.57	1.39	2.49	2.50	4.73	5.00	8.09
0.58	1.42	2.49	2.50	4.78	5.00	8.08

c: These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.

TABLE C-21Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Molybdenum (μg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y	79	26.0	3.7	6.1^c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y	128	19.5	3.1	0.5^c
M 19+ y	667	28.8	1.9	3.4
F 19+ y	880	29.8	1.5	3.6
Pregnant/Lactating	33	23.8^c	0.8	13.0^c
All Individuals	1,754	28.6	1.2	3.2
All Individuals (+P/L)	1,787	28.5	1.2	3.2

: NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b: SEM = standard error of the mean.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
9.2^c	14.5	17.4	21.1	44.9^c	66.1^c	120.9^c
2.0^c	3.9	14.4	22.9	31.7^c	50.4^c	145.9^c
6.4	14.0	22.7	24.6	36.4	79.6	159.3^c
7.4	14.7	23.9	24.7	37.7	83.7	161.0^c
14.3^c	21.9^c	23.0^c	24.1^c	24.7^c	24.9^c	31.5^c
6.5	14.5	23.9	24.7	38.3	79.1	160.3
6.5	14.7	23.9	24.7	33.7	78.9	160.2

c: These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.

TABLE C-22Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Nickel (μg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y	26	5.65^c	0.98	0.66^c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y	89	3.97	0.50	0.17^c
M 19+ y	571	4.46	0.13	0.71
F 19+ y	737	4.80	0.13	0.82
Pregnant/Lactating	8	5.55^c	0.65	2.09^c
All Individuals	1,423	4.62	0.10	0.63
All Individuals (+P/L)	1,431	4.63	0.10	0.63

: NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b: SEM = standard error of the mean.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
1.28^c	3.44^c	4.30^c	5.55^c	7.22^c	11.62^c	14.52^c
0.36^c	0.82	4.55	4.83	5.00^c	9.33^c	15.18^c
1.32	3.63	4.68	4.86	4.97	6.56	10.14^c
1.60	4.53	4.70	4.87	4.98	7.27	15.18^c
2.26^c	2.79^c	3.68^c	4.56^c	6.02^c	8.01^c	9.60^c
1.41	4.50	4.69	4.87	4.98	7.09	14.62^c
1.41	4.50	4.69	4.87	4.98	7.10	14.61^c

c: These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.

TABLE C-23Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Silicon (mg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y	20	1.57^c	0.21	0.10^c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y	85	2.69	0.89	0.07^c
M 19+ y	560	4.32	0.82	0.29
F 19+ y	727	7.04	0.89	0.26
Pregnant/Lactating	8	68.59^c	17.83	0.44^c
All Individuals	1,392	5.66	0.71	0.24
All Individuals (+P/L)	1,400	5.85	0.72	0.24

: NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b: SEM = standard error of the mean.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.71^c	0.94^c	1.24^c	1.69^c	1.96^c	2.01^c	2.03^c
0.09^c	0.29	1.26	1.75	1.96^c	2.63^c	44.36^c
0.54	1.40	1.78	1.91	1.99	8.48	65.22^c
0.66	1.75	1.85	1.95	4.35	73.08	78.69^c
0.79^c	1.83^c	31.32^c	63.83^c	96.31^c	128.15^c	153.63^c
0.58	1.58	1.84	1.94	2.03	32.10	78.19^c
0.58	1.61	1.84	1.94	2.48	33.09	78.33^c

c: These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.

TABLE C-24Mean and Percentiles of Usual Intake of Vanadium (μg/day) from Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	5th
Both sexes, 1 to 8 y	26	6.09^c	1.51	0.10^c
Both sexes, 9 to 18 y	89	6.50	0.94	0.12^c
M 19+ y	571	8.37	0.26	0.89
F 19+ y	742	8.61	0.19	0.91
Pregnant/Lactating	8	11.01^c	1.33	0.55^c
All Individuals	1,428	8.37	0.18	0.80
All Individuals (+P/L)	1,436	8.38	0.18	0.80

: NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b: SEM = standard error of the mean.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.52^c	0.90^c	5.09^c	7.57^c	9.06^c	9.55^c	9.95^c
0.25^c	1.12	6.25	8.79	9.75^c	13.36^c	20.90^c
2.08	6.14	8.85	9.45	9.81	9.93	19.29^c
2.12	7.80	9.34	9.69	9.90	9.97	20.03^c
1.12^c	2.84^c	5.71^c	8.57^c	12.04^c	16.02^c	19.20^c
1.68	5.68	9.31	9.68	9.89	9.97	19.99^c
1.69	5.72	9.31	9.68	9.89	9.97	19.98^c

c: These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.

TABLE C-25Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Zinc (mg/day) from Food, NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	5.51	2.60	3.20
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	6.11	2.90	3.50
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	6.94	3.00	3.60
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	8.95	6.40	6.90
Standard error		0.13	0.11	0.11
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	11.83	8.20	8.90
Standard error		0.25	0.19	0.19
M 14 to 18 y	909	15.12	8.30	9.30
Standard error		0.67	0.28	0.32
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	15.40	8.80	9.90
Standard error		0.36	0.25	0.25
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	14.83	8.60	9.60
Standard error		0.26	0.17	0.18
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	13.77	7.60	8.60
Standard error		0.27	0.16	0.17
M 71+ y	1,255	12.17	6.70	7.50
Standard error		0.53	0.20	0.22
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	9.64	6.50	7.10
Standard error		0.32	0.17	0.18
F 14 to 18 y	949	9.26	5.20	5.90
Standard error		0.32	0.19	0.20
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	9.52	5.40	6.10
Standard error		0.22	0.14	0.14
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	9.67	5.70	6.40
Standard error		0.17	0.10	0.10
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	9.19	5.30	5.90
Standard error		0.18	0.11	0.11
F 71+ y	1,368	8.62	5.00	5.50
Standard error		0.19	0.10	0.11
Pregnant	346	11.24	6.90	7.70
Standard error		0.50	0.47	0.47
Lactating	99	14.78	9.30	10.30
Standard error		0.93	0.60	0.61
All Individuals	28,575	11.27	6.10	6.90
Standard error		0.12	0.12	0.12
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	11.29	6.20	7.00
Standard error		0.13	0.14	0.14

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
4.20	5.30	6.60	8.10	8.90	11.60
4.50	5.90	7.30	8.90	10.10	12.90
4.80	6.40	8.40	10.60	12.90	17.80
7.70	8.80	10.00	11.20	12.00	13.60
0.11	0.13	0.14	0.16	0.18	0.23
10.10	11.60	13.30	15.10	16.20	18.50
0.20	0.23	0.30	0.40	0.48	0.68
11.40	14.30	17.90	22.00	24.90	31.40
0.39	0.54	0.86	1.39	1.85	3.13
12.00	14.80	18.10	21.60	23.90	28.90
0.28	0.33	0.44	0.61	0.75	1.12
11.50	14.20	17.40	20.90	23.30	28.60
0.21	0.25	0.31	0.41	0.51	0.78
10.50	13.10	16.30	19.80	22.30	27.80
0.18	0.23	0.35	0.55	0.73	1.21
9.10	11.40	14.40	17.90	20.40	26.30
0.27	0.40	0.66	1.05	1.39	2.30
8.10	9.40	10.90	12.50	13.50	15.50
0.21	0.28	0.39	0.54	0.66	0.95
7.20	8.90	10.90	13.10	14.50	17.50
0.23	0.29	0.40	0.57	0.72	1.08
7.40	9.20	11.20	13.40	14.90	18.10
0.16	0.20	0.26	0.36	0.44	0.67
7.60	9.30	11.30	13.40	14.80	17.90
0.12	0.15	0.21	0.31	0.40	0.62
7.10	8.80	10.80	13.00	14.50	17.80
0.12	0.15	0.23	0.37	0.48	0.80
6.70	8.20	10.10	12.20	13.60	16.70
0.13	0.17	0.24	0.33	0.41	0.63
9.10	10.90	13.00	15.20	16.60	19.60
0.47	0.49	0.55	0.68	0.82	1.19
12.20	14.50	17.10	19.60	21.30	24.60
0.68	0.88	1.19	1.59	1.88	2.56
8.50	10.70	13.40	16.30	18.40	23.00
0.12	0.12	0.13	0.17	0.21	0.33
8.50	10.70	13.40	16.30	18.40	23.00
0.14	0.13	0.14	0.17	0.20	0.33

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-26Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Zinc (mg/day) from Food and Supplements, NHANES III (1988– 1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	5th	10th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	793	5.51	2.60	3.20
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	827	6.11	2.90	3.50
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,309	6.94	3.00	3.60
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,448	9.56	6.56	6.94
M 9 to 13 y	1,219	12.34	8.18	8.85
M 14 to 18 y	909	15.83	8.55	9.56
M 19 to 30 y	1,902	16.94	8.81	10.21
M 31 to 50 y	2,533	16.44	8.74	10.02
M 51 to 70 y	1,942	16.29	7.94	9.07
M 71+ y	1,255	15.08	7.08	7.94
F 9 to 13 y	1,216	10.17	6.68	7.35
F 14 to 18 y	949	9.78	5.19	6.18
F 19 to 30 y	1,901	11.23	5.60	6.33
F 31 to 50 y	2,939	12.14	5.98	6.63
F 51 to 70 y	2,065	12.15	5.36	6.22
F 71+ y	1,368	12.08	5.05	5.66
Pregnant	346	19.97	7.09	8.31
Lactating	99	24.67	10.05	10.60
All Individuals	28,575	13.00	6.34	7.23
All Indiv (+P/L)	29,015	13.14	6.35	7.24

: NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1. The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–12 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted; the total nutrient intake is the sum of the unadjusted food intake and the daily supplement intake. For all other groups, individual total nutrient intakes were obtained as the sum of the adjusted individual usual intake from food alone and the daily supplement intake. The mean and percentiles of the estimated usual intake distributions were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
4.20	5.30	6.60	8.10	8.90	11.60
4.50	5.90	7.30	8.90	10.10	12.90
4.80	6.40	8.40	10.60	12.90	17.80
7.88	8.95	10.22	11.64	14.22	24.36
10.26	11.71	13.34	15.42	17.30	30.35
11.82	14.80	18.33	22.11	26.16	39.03
12.71	15.34	19.52	25.75	29.76	43.00
12.10	14.77	18.87	25.18	30.46	42.60
11.07	13.90	18.10	26.95	31.55	59.70
9.73	12.12	16.93	26.13	30.05	56.85
8.26	9.55	11.01	12.87	14.48	25.52
7.49	8.98	11.11	13.39	15.54	26.26
7.81	9.64	12.09	18.58	24.64	36.90
8.02	10.08	12.67	22.49	25.76	36.73
7.48	9.52	13.04	23.73	26.13	37.26
7.07	8.92	12.41	23.97	26.20	49.72
10.11	13.09	31.35	37.49	39.86	47.97
13.08	20.42	38.59	42.64	46.70	46.70
8.86	11.21	14.55	21.67	26.39	38.29
8.87	11.22	14.61	22.24	26.82	39.37

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

TABLE C-27Mean and Percentiles for Drinking Water Intake (mL/day), NHANES III (1988–1994)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	SEM^b	5th
Both sexes, 2 to 6 mo	784	115	8	0
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	809	172	8	0
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	3,172	382	10	0
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	3,247	620	24	0
M 9 to 13 y	1,188	1,107	42	64
M 14 to 18 y	891	1,402	59	0
M 19 to 30 y	1,872	1,389	41	0
M 31 to 50 y	2,495	1,294	35	0
M 51 to 70 y	1,872	1,253	41	0
M 71+ y	1,186	1,198	39	0
F 9 to 13 y	1,181	1,008	45	56
F 14 to 18 y	937	1,117	43	0
F 19 to 30 y	1,885	1,163	33	0
F 31 to 50 y	2,906	1,219	30	0
F 51 to 70 y	2,002	1,278	32	0
F 71+ y	1,317	1,147	25	0
Pregnant	341	1,413	79	147
Lactating	98	1,628	147	225^c
P/L	434	1,462	69	166
All Individuals	27,744	1,144	13	0
All Indiv (+P/L)	28,178	1,149	13	0

: NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles were calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don't know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
b: SEM = standard error of the mean.

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0	0	54	131	230	457	876^c
0	0	107	205	446	472	902^c
0	104	228	467	903	1,135	1,789
98	206	453	848	1,265	1,686	2,638
204	453	877	1,383	2,347	2,726	4,105^c
211	608	1,038	1,772	2,648	3,642	5,612^c
208	435	939	1,824	2,803	3,729	7,195
101	435	921	1,835	2,760	3,623	6,206
172	454	941	1,703	2,623	3,533	5,440
215	602	942	1,657	2,258	2,819	3,730^c
178	351	709	1,320	2,103	2,628	4,371^c
62	337	857	1,519	2,537	2,946	4,972^c
94	368	889	1,704	2,603	3,128	4,717
95	334	897	1,734	2,645	3,411	4,723
189	468	966	1,768	2,614	3,341	4,625
222	470	945	1,545	2,064	2,634	3,724^c
315	661	1,136	1,900	2,621	2,831	5,057^c
453^c	951	1,301	1,914	3,121^c	3,721^c	4,717^c
353	694	1,251	1,902	2,665	3,562	4,865^c
99	343	878	1,610	2,530	3,240	5,261
100	347	884	1,614	2,538	3,244	5,258

c: These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as recommended in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutrition Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office).
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 2000.

Bookshelf ID: NBK222325

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