America's research universities have undergone striking change in recent decades, as have many aspects of the society that surrounds them. This change has important implications for the heart of every university: the faculty. To sustain their high level of intellectual excellence and their success in preparing young people for the various roles they will play in society, universities need to be aware of how evolving conditions affect their ability to attract the most qualified people and to maximize their effectiveness as teachers and researchers.

Gender roles, family life, the demographic makeup of the nation and the faculty, and the economic stability of higher education all have shifted dramatically over the past generation. In addition, strong current trends in technology, funding, and demographics suggest that change will continue and perhaps even accelerate in academe in the years to come. One central element of academic life has remained essentially unchanged for generations, however: the formal structure of the professorial career. Developed in the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to suit circumstances quite different from today's, and based on traditions going back even earlier, this customary career path is now a source of strain for both the individuals pursuing it and the institutions where they work.

The Arc of the Academic Research Career is the summary of a workshop convened by The Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy in September 2013 to examine major points of strain in academic research careers from the point of view of both the faculty members and the institutions. National experts from a variety of disciplines and institutions discussed practices and strategies already in use on various campuses and identified issues as yet not effectively addressed. This workshop summary addresses the challenges universities face, from nurturing the talent of future faculty members to managing their progress through all the stages of their careers to finding the best use of their skills as their work winds down.

Contents

• THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
• PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON THE ARC OF THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH CAREER
• COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND PUBLIC POLICY
• Reviewer Acknowledgments
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Background to Change
  • STRUCTURE OF THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH CAREER
  • THE UNSTABLE ARC
• 3. Getting Started
  • THE ECONOMICS OF EARLY CAREERS
  • ASPIRATIONS AND REALITIES
  • FAMILY MATTERS
• 4. The Tenure Track and Beyond
  • IT'S ALL IN THE TIMING
  • AFTER TENURE
• 5. Moving into Retirement
  • INCENTIVES, NOT COERCION
  • REMAINING RELEVANT
  • UNTAPPED ASSETS
• 6. The Other Academe
• 7. Looking Ahead
• Appendixes
  • APPENDIX A WORKSHOP AGENDA
  • APPENDIX B SPEAKERS' BIOGRAPHIES

Rapporteur: Beryl Lieff Benderly.

This study was supported by Grant No. B2013-31 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organization that provided support for the project.

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.